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Article
Publication date: 23 August 2022

Sami Gharbi and Hidaya Othmani

This study aims to investigate whether threshold effects exist in the relationship between board gender diversity and firm performance.

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether threshold effects exist in the relationship between board gender diversity and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies the panel smooth threshold regression model (PSTR) to a sample of 284 non-financial French firms listed on Euronext Paris over the period 2009–2017. Firm performance proxies are Tobin’s Q and return on assets (ROA). The board gender diversity is measured by the percentage of women participation in board.

Findings

Threshold effects in the relationships between board gender diversity and firm performance measures are found. For Tobin’s Q, the model has one threshold at the 34.17% of women directors’ appointment on boards. Similarly, for ROA, the model has one threshold at the 38.28% of women presence in the board. The results show that above the estimated threshold, women directorship has a positive impact on firm performance. However, below the threshold, there is a neutral relationship. The findings support the critical mass view that a minimum of one third women representation in board is compulsory to achieve the desired effect of gender diversity.

Practical implications

This study’s finding provides useful insights to managers, investors and policymakers. Managers and investors can identify the adequate board gender diversity levels that enhance firm performance. Policymakers are divided on whether mandatory or voluntary board gender quota should be adopted. This study suggests that a quota of one third can be used in policy implementation.

Originality/value

Unlike prior studies that consider the relationship between firm performance and board gender diversity as linear, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the threshold effects in this relationship using a new econometric approach.

Details

Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, vol. 23 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1472-0701

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 March 2020

Andrew Phiri

The purpose of our study is to examine the inflation–growth nexus relationship for Swaziland between 1975 and 2016 with the intention of estimating an optimal level of inflation…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of our study is to examine the inflation–growth nexus relationship for Swaziland between 1975 and 2016 with the intention of estimating an optimal level of inflation, which maxims economic growth or minimizes growth losses.

Design/methodology/approach

We estimate on an endogenous monetary model of economic growth augmented with a credit technology using a smooth transition regression (STR) model, which allows us to estimate an optimal inflation rate characterized by smooth transition between different inflation regimes.

Findings

Our empirical results point to an inflation threshold estimate of 7.64 per cent at which economic growth gains are maximized or similarly growth losses are minimized. In particular, we find that above this threshold economic agents may be able to protect themselves from inflation through credit technology and a more urbanized population and yet such high inflation adversely affects the influence of exports on economic growth. This noteworthy since a majority of government revenues is from trade activity via the country's affiliation with the Southern African Customs Union (SACU).

Originality/value

The major contribution of this paper is that it becomes the first to draw directly from endogenous growth theory to estimate the inflation threshold for any African country, which will hopefully pave a way for similar studies on other African countries.

Details

African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, vol. 11 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-0705

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 8 March 2011

Antonia López-Villavicencio and Valérie Mignon

The aim of this chapter is to provide equilibrium exchange rates values for a large set of currencies and to study the adjustment process of observed exchange rates toward these…

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to provide equilibrium exchange rates values for a large set of currencies and to study the adjustment process of observed exchange rates toward these levels by paying special attention to emerging Asian countries. Relying on panel smooth transition regression models, we show that real exchange rate dynamics in the long run are nonlinear for emerging Asian countries, and linear for the G7 currencies. Especially, there exists an asymmetric behavior of the real exchange rate when facing an over- or undervaluation, the adjustment speed being higher in the case of undervaluation in Asia. Although this result may be explained by the international pressure to limit undervaluation, the undervaluation may still persist over time, as has been observed since the beginning of 1990s.

Details

The Evolving Role of Asia in Global Finance
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-745-2

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 20 October 2023

Thembeka Sibahle Ngcobo, Lindokuhle Talent Zungu and Nomusa Yolanda Nkomo

This study aims to test the dynamic impact of public debt and economic growth on newly democratized African countries (South Africa and Namibia) and compare the findings with…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to test the dynamic impact of public debt and economic growth on newly democratized African countries (South Africa and Namibia) and compare the findings with those of newly democratized European countries (Germany and Ukraine) during the period 1990–2022.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology involves three stages: identifying the appropriate transition variable, assessing the linearity between public debt and economic growth and selecting the order m of the transition function. The linearity test helps identify the nature of relationships between public debt and economic growth. The wild cluster bootstrap-Lagrange Multiplier test is used to evaluate the model’s appropriateness. All these tests would be executed using the Lagrange Multiplier type of test.

Findings

The results signify the policy switch, as the authors find that the relationship between public debt and economic growth is characterized by two transitions that symbolize that the current stage of the relationship is beyond the U-shape; however, an S-shape. The results show that for newly democratized African countries, the threshold during the first waves was 50% of GDP, represented by a U-shape, which then transits to an inverted U-shape with a threshold of 65% of GDP. Then, for the European case, it was 60% of GDP, which is now 72% of GDP.

Originality/value

The findings suggest that an escalating level of public debt has a negative impact on economic growth; therefore, it is important to implement fiscal discipline, prioritize government spending and reduce reliance on debt financing. This can be achieved by focusing on revenue generation, implementing effective taxation policies, reducing wasteful expenditures and promoting investment and productivity-enhancing measures.

Details

International Journal of Development Issues, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1446-8956

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 31 October 2022

Florence Uchenna Nwafor, Ebere Ume Kalu, Augustine C. Arize and Josaphat U.J. Onwumere

This study aims to investigate in a country-specific comparative and panel form, the impact of energy use on financial development in Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate in a country-specific comparative and panel form, the impact of energy use on financial development in Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)-African countries of Algeria, Gabon, Libya and Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

With data sets covering the period 1980 to 2020, this study used a combination of country-specific autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and panel-ARDL as well geo-maps to show the spatiotemporal nuances of the investigated countries.

Findings

It was discovered across the investigated countries and in the panel framework that energy consumption significantly impacts both bank development and institutional development, which are subsets of financial development. In addition, evidence in favor of adjustment of financial development to the shocks and dynamics of energy consumption was found.

Practical implications

Integrative developmental drive for the two sectors can enhance growth and value-chain interactions for the imperatives of the overall growth and development of the OPEC-African countries.

Originality/value

This study adds to the literature on finance and energy development by the introduction of the spatiotemporal analysis.

Details

International Journal of Energy Sector Management, vol. 17 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-6220

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 11 August 2022

Emad Kazemzadeh, Mohammad Taher Ahmadi Shadmehri, Taghi Ebrahimi Salari, Narges Salehnia and Alireza Pooya

One of the most important ways to pay attention to sustainable economic development is to invest in green technology and alter the energy consumption structure (ECS) in countries…

Abstract

Purpose

One of the most important ways to pay attention to sustainable economic development is to invest in green technology and alter the energy consumption structure (ECS) in countries. Changing the ECS can be important in two ways: first, it increases the diversity of energy consumption and reduces energy dependence on other countries. Second, the use of highly polluted nonrenewable energy sources (such as oil and coal) is reduced, leading to the transfer of energy to natural gas with less carbon emissions or renewable energy. To this end, the authors examined the asymmetric effects of eco-innovation on the US ECS from 1980 to 2019. This paper aims to address this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) (NARDL) model is used and the results are compared with the linear ARDL model.

Findings

The ARDL results also confirm the positive effects of oil prices and GDP per capita in the long run. On the other hand, short-term and long-term Wald test results confirm the nonlinear effects of eco-innovation (LPATENT) on US ECS. These results indicate that 1% positive shock in LPATENTˆ+ increases the ECS by 0.179, while 1% negative fluctuations (LPATENTˆ-) leads to a decrease (−0.085) in the ECS. However, the ARDL results, in general, show the positive effects of LPATENT on the ECS in long run. Evidence suggests that ignoring nonlinear effects can lead to inaccurate results. Policy suggestions for environmental technology innovation are presented in the results.

Originality/value

This research has innovations in various aspects so that the previous studies in this field have examined the effects of environmental innovation on renewable or nonrenewable energy consumption, and so far no study has been done on the ECS. In this research, the Shannon–Wiener index has been used to calculate the ECS.

Details

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 34 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7835

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 October 2023

Mohamed Ghroubi

This study aims to examine the triple relationship between capital regulation, banking lending and economic growth in a dual markets. Specifically, the author seeks to explore how…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the triple relationship between capital regulation, banking lending and economic growth in a dual markets. Specifically, the author seeks to explore how changes in capital regulation can impact banking lending practices and subsequently influence economic growth, while also investigating the reciprocal effects of banking lending on economic growth.

Design/methodology/approach

The author follows several previous studies such as Shrieves and Dahl (1992), Beck and Levine (2002), Altunbas et al. (2007), Saeed et al. (2020) and Stewart et al. (2021) to identify a system of three equations, regarding economic growth, capital and banking financing growth, respectively. The author estimates the parameters of all equations simultaneously using the seemingly unrelated regression method (Zellner, 1962) for a sample of 46 Islamic banks and 113 conventional banks during 2002–2022. These banks operate in 13 Muslim countries from Middle East and North Africa and Southeast Asia.

Findings

The author’s findings demonstrate that in the case of Islamic banking, an increase in loan growth stimulates economic growth, while an increasing capital ratio positively influences economic growth but is accompanied by a reduction in loan growth. This result corroborates the findings of Stewart et al. (2021), which indicate that regulatory capital reduces unstable credit while improving gross domestic product growth. However, in the case of conventional banks, the response to an increase in loan growth on Gross Domestic Product Per Capita Growth (GDPCG) is ambiguous, while the capital ratio improves GDPCG and promotes LOANG, which, in turn, increases risk.

Practical implications

The Islamic banks can continue to significantly contribute to economic growth by effectively directing their available capital toward viable investment opportunities and supporting sustainable financial practices, even in the presence of potential constraints on loan growth. As for conventional banks, they are invited to increase their capital levels to ensure a strong and resilient financial system that can support lending and facilitate economic growth.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to explore the triple relationship between capital requirements, Islamic bank lending and economic growth.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 14 April 2022

Mosab I. Tabash, Fatima Muhammad Abdulkarim, Mustapha Ishaq Akinlaso and Raj S. Dhankar

The paper examines the relationship between Islamic banking and the growth of the economy in Nigeria in both the short run and long run.

Abstract

Purpose

The paper examines the relationship between Islamic banking and the growth of the economy in Nigeria in both the short run and long run.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs quarterly secondary time series data for Islamic banking as well as major macroeconomic variables to study the contribution of Islamic banking to the economy of Nigeria. It employs autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) and error correction model (ECM) approaches from 2013 quarter 1 up to 2020 quarter 2.

Findings

The results show that Islamic banking has a positive contribution to Nigeria's economy in both short run and long run, but this contribution is insignificant.

Practical implications

Policymakers should endeavor to redesign the country's financial architecture and come up with policies that can support the growth of Islamic finance sector. This will significantly strengthen Nigeria's position as one of the leading Islamic finance hubs in Africa.

Originality/value

This is the first study to examine the contribution of Islamic banking to the Nigerian economy according to the best knowledge of the authors.

Details

African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-0705

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 9 February 2024

Chukwunonso Ekesiobi, Stephen Obinozie Ogwu, Joshua Chukwuma Onwe, Ogonna Ifebi, Precious Muhammed Emmanuel and Kingsley Nze Ashibogwu

This study aims to assess financial development and debt status impact on energy efficiency in Nigeria as a developing economy.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to assess financial development and debt status impact on energy efficiency in Nigeria as a developing economy.

Design/methodology/approach

This study combined the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), fully modified ordinary least squares and canonical cointegration regression analytical methods to estimate the parameters for energy efficiency policy recommendations. Secondary data between 1990 and 2020 were used for the analysis.

Findings

The result confirms the long-run nexus between energy efficiency, financial development and total debt stock. Furthermore, the ARDL estimates for this study’s key variables show that financial development promotes energy efficiency in the short run but hinders long-run energy efficiency. Total debt stock limits energy efficiency in Nigeria in short- and long-run periods.

Research limitations/implications

The limitation of this study is that the scope is limited to Nigeria as a developing economy. The need to support energy efficiency projects is a global call requiring cross-country analysis. Despite this study’s focus on Nigeria, it provides useful insights that can guide energy efficiency policy through the financial sector and debt management.

Practical implications

The financial sector must ensure the availability of long-term credit facilities to clean energy investors. The government must maintain a sustainable debt profile to pave the way for capital expenditure on clean energy projects that promote energy efficiency.

Originality/value

The environmental consequences of energy intensity are being felt globally, with the developing countries most vulnerable. The cheapest way to curb these consequences is to promote energy efficiency to reduce the disastrous effect. Driving energy efficiency requires investment in energy-efficient technology but the challenge for developing economies, i.e. Nigeria’s funding, remains challenging amid a blotted debt profile. This becomes crucial to investigate how financial sector development and debt management can accelerate energy-efficient investments in Nigeria.

Details

International Journal of Energy Sector Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-6220

Keywords

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 8 March 2011

Abstract

Details

The Evolving Role of Asia in Global Finance
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-745-2

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