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The price of a painting is determined by multiple variables, including color-related variables. Colors are important in an economic analysis. This study aims to analyze the paintings executed by Jean-Michel Basquiat (the famous street artist from the 1980s' New York City) and sold at auction to study the potential effect of color intensity, luminosity and color contrast on the prices of his paintings. The authors also study the case of the op art master, Carlos Cruz-Diez, as a robustness analysis to the main results. The analysis that the authors present may be of interest to academicians and to participants in the art market.

The authors run a hedonic regression model considering 306 paintings (executed by Basquiat alone), and 41 works painted collaboratively between Basquiat and Warhol and sold at auction (2003–2017). The data and the images corresponding to each painting were hand-collected from the websites of several auction houses and complemented with information obtained from the Artprice and Blouin websites.

Increases in color intensity, luminosity and color contrast have a positive effect on art prices. The authors also find that color intensity is even more recognized (as reflected by higher prices) for paintings belonging to Basquiat's most appreciated (understood as most expensive) artistic period (1980–1983) and during the second part of the sample period (2011–2017). The authors find similar results for Cruz-Diez. The authors also estimate that Basquiat's artworks made collaboratively with Andy Warhol are worth 55% less than those made only by Basquiat. An investment in Basquiat's paintings generated an average annual compounded return of 16.81% (2003–2017), clearly overperforming the S&P 500.

The main limitation of the hedonic regression method lies in the need to have a significant and varied sample to identify the true effect of each variable on the price of the good. Another limitation is that we are only able to use art prices from auctions, as this is the only comprehensive source of data that is publicly available. These two limitations are common to all studies that use the hedonic pricing model. This paper has implications not only for the art pricing (and more generally, asset pricing) literature, but also for the fields of psychology and marketing.

This is the first paper that highlights the importance of analyzing the price impact of color intensity throughout the artistic periods of a painter, finding that color intensity is even more appreciated (as reflected by higher prices) for paintings belonging to an artist's most recognized period. In the case of color contrast, the authors present a novel way to estimate this variable.

El precio de una pintura está determinado por múltiples variables, incluidas las relacionadas con el color. Los colores son importantes en el análisis económico. En este trabajo, se analizan las obras realizadas por Jean-Michel Basquiat (el famoso artista callejero latino de la escena artística neoyorquina de los años 80) y vendidas en subasta, para estudiar el efecto potential que la intensidad del color, la luminosidad y el contraste de sus pinturas pueden tener sobre sus precios También estudiamos el caso del maestro de op-art, Carlos Cruz-Diez, como análisis de robustez a nuestros principales resultados. El análisis que presentamos puede ser de interés tanto para académicos como para participantes del mercado del arte.

Realizamos un modelo de regresión hedónica considerando 306 obras (pintadas solo por Basquiat), y 41 obras realizadas de manera colaborativa entre Basquiat y Warhol y vendidas en subasta (2003–2017). Los datos y las imágenes correspondientes a cada obra fueron recolectados a mano de los sitios web de varias casas de subastas y complementados con información de los sitios web de Artprice y Blouin.

Incrementos en la intensidad, luminosidad y contraste del color (variable para la que proponemos una nueva medida), inciden positivamente en los precios del arte. También encontramos que la intensidad del color es aún más reconocida (como se refleja en los precios más altos en las subastas) para pinturas pertenecientes al período artístico más apreciado de Basquiat (1980–1983), entendido como el más caro, y durante la segunda parte del período muestral (2011–2017). Además, hallamos resultados similares para Cruz-Diez. De igual forma, estimamos que las obras de arte de Basquiat realizadas en colaboración con Andy Warhol valen un 55% menos que las realizadas solo por Basquiat. Una inversión en las pinturas de Basquiat generó un rendimiento compuesto anual promedio del 16,81% (2003–2017), claramente superando el rendimiento total del índice S&P 500.

La principal limitación del método de regresión hedónica radica en la necesidad de contar con una muestra significativa y variada para identificar el verdadero efecto de cada variable sobre el precio del bien en estudio. Otra limitación consiste en que solo es posible utilizar los precios de las obras de arte que son vendidas en subastas, ya que esta es la única fuente completa de datos que está disponible públicamente. Estas dos limitaciones son comunes a todos los estudios que utilizan el modelo de precios hedónicos. El artículo tiene implicaciones no solo para la literatura sobre precios de arte (y, más en general, sobre los precios de los activos), sino también para la literatura sobre psicología y mercadeo, en donde el estudio del impacto de los colores en las emociones y en el atractivo de un producto son de suma importancia.

Este es el primer estudio que destaca la importancia de analizar el impacto en precios de la intensidad del color a lo largo de los períodos artísticos de un pintor, debido a que se determinó que la intensidad de color es aún más apreciada (como se refleja en los precios más altos en las subastas), para las pinturas pertenecientes al período artístico más reconocido de un artista. En el caso del contraste de color, se propuso y utilizó una forma novedosa de estimar esta variable.

The corrosion of metal structures outdoors is a problem common to almost all industries, for such structures range from bridges to window frames. Painting is the most widely used method of protection, but to get the best results full use must be made of the separate skills of the designer and engineer, the painting contractor, the paint manufacturer and the foreman and painter on the job. Nor must the important contribution of those who prepare the metal to receive the paint be forgotten. All these aspects of the successful use of paint to prevent corrosion are considered in this authoritative and practical article.

The valuation of artworks is challenging since their value encompasses economic, social and cultural values. This study examines two specific questions about the economics of Indian art market: first, the determinants of the price of paintings by Indian artists and second, the risk and return characteristics of investment in Indian paintings. The authors also analyze the role of local context for both questions.

This study uses 8,865 paintings that are auctioned between January, 2000 and June, 2018. A generalized additive model (GAM) is employed to identify the determinants of auction prices and estimate art market price index.

The results indicate that the price of paintings in the Indian market is impacted by both global and local factors. Consistent with the previous research, this study finds that provenance, literature, living status of an artist, artist reputation, auction house, location and gender determine prices. However, the unique behavior of artwork medium and art movement affiliation in the Indian art market signifies the importance of local context in the valuation of artworks. An analysis of the second aspect of the study, i.e. risk and return characteristics of art investment, suggests that though overall art market returns are not lucrative, there are sub-sections in the market that outperform stocks and other assets. Further, the Indian art market shows a weak or negative correlation with other assets, thus making it a good candidate for a diversified portfolio. One of the important findings of this study is that artworks created by artists associated with the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group (PAG) command a significant price premium over all other artworks. Moreover, the average return on investment in paintings by artists affiliated to the Bombay PAG is not only significantly better than other art movements but also higher than all other art assets.

This study contributes to the growing literature on the economics of art market by providing a comprehensive analysis of the economics of Indian paintings. This research highlights the importance of local factors in price determination and on the risk and return characteristics of art investment. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the most comprehensive study of the economics of Indian painting market and the first study to identify the relationship between Indian art movements and prices of paintings and returns on investment in paintings.

Painting of buildings predates civilization. The primary purpose was to add beauty or aesthetics to the built environment. It was also to showcase the level of civilization, taste and fashion drive of the people. However, modern findings have proved that paint (when applied as a finishing coat on buildings) can elongate the service life of such buildings due to some characteristic properties it contains and modern additives that are included at production stage. This paper aims to examine some of the properties inherent in paint through which resistance to failure and better performance is enhanced, aesthetics is maintained and maintenance is reduced. It also examines whether these qualities subsist in all environments. Particular attention is given to its resistance to the impact of saline air when used around the Atlantic Ocean.

The research adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach with empirical analysis in examining the performance of paint used in salt laden environment.

It shows that paint used in an environment where saline air and salt is prevalent begins to deteriorate after two years and requires repainting as against the established norm of five to seven years (5‐7) in areas that are not exposed to saline air. The impact of saline air is significant at p<0.01.

Maximum life span of current paint products in the area is determined to provide adequate information for the preparation of maintenance schedule for painted exterior. Paint with higher resistance to salt attack is required to enhance the longevity of painted exterior in areas at close proximity to sources of salt. Specifying current available paint for exterior finish will be uneconomical and non‐compatible with the principle of sustainability.

The authors made a fresh attempt at investigating the life's span of paint used as exterior finish in salt laden area around the Atlantic Ocean due to the peculiarity of the stresses of the tropical region on external finishes. It also compared the result with existing researches. Differences in paint performance are established.

Automatic trajectory generation for spray painting is highly desirable for today’s automotive manufacturing. Generating paint gun trajectories for free‐form surfaces to satisfy paint thickness requirements is still highly challenging due to the complex geometry of free‐form surfaces. In this paper, a CAD‐guided paint gun trajectory generation system for free‐form surfaces has been developed. The system utilizes the CAD information of a free‐form surface to be painted and a paint gun model to generate a paint gun trajectory to satisfy the paint thickness requirements. A paint thickness verification method is also provided to verify the generated trajectories. The simulation results have shown that the trajectory generation system achieves satisfactory performance. This trajectory generation system can also be applied to generate trajectories for many other CAD‐guided robot trajectory planning applications.

Introduction Steelwork has been painted since its introduction as a structural material, and until recent years it was accepted that rusting would take place. A rough first painting, followed by regular maintenance was accepted as normal practice. For many structures it will still be economically correct to use the traditional methods, and these are well known, i.e. wire brush followed by two coats of red lead and one of a good quality finishing coat, and my paper will make no comment. It deals on broad lines with some of the problems encountered by the fabricator which are associated with higher quality systems.

Aims to introduce a self‐adjusting robotic painting process for automotive fuel containers, capable of predicting the required correction action to avoid further defect production.

Presents the development, testing and on‐site implementation of a robotic thermal machine vision system designed for evaluating coat thickness and coverage attributes. Computer simulation is used to study the effect of the painting robot's program on the film build‐up.

Effective technique for the real‐time detection of anti‐corrosive coat's pinholes and pop‐ups. A systematic study for this paint deposition scheme.

The presented detection system and the simulation program methodology could be further studied and modified for other painting applications.

Provides insights validated with on‐site results and systematic study for the automated or the manual adjustments of the robotic painting parameters.

Introduces a novel application of thermal imaging for evaluating coated surfaces. In addition, a first reported case study of automotive fuel container's painting process. Presents potential application to reduce the defects generation thus, improving quality, and reducing production cost.

IF paint is applied to a blasted surface in sufficient quantity the wet film will form a plane surface (neglecting variations in thickness due to spray pattern or brush marks) and there will be a greater thickness of paint over hollows than over the peaks. This condition can be accentuated if, in addition, paint flows from peaks to hollows during the drying process. When multi‐coat schemes are applied the surface profile is filled progressively by successive coats of paint (see Fig. 1); if sufficient paint is applied the dry paint/air surface may approximate to a plane. Estimates of paint requirements, albeit approximate ones, can only be properly made on the assumption that this condition will be attained.

This contribution aims to introduce an effective low cost polymer-nanocomposite for possible application to achieve a super protection for highly damaged ancient Egyptian wall paintings.

SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method. Then, the polymer-nanocomposite was prepared by simple mixing and dispersing the nanoparticles into the tetraethoxysilane polymer solution, with the aid of an ultrasonic dismembrator. The application of the polymer-nanocomposite and other polymeric nanodispersions, on laboratory models, was performed by the brushing technique. Next, the materials stability was evaluated by means of digital optical microscope, colorimetry, FE-scanning electron microscope, measuring the static contact angle and water absorption rates.

The results were promising in creating a superhydrophobicity and the static contact angle (?S) measured for the polymer-nanocomposite reached 135o. An average of three measurements of the water absorption rate after polymer-nanocomposite treatment was 0.66 g/m2 s, compared to 2.60 g/m2 s for the control model (untreated). Further, an average of color difference (?E*) for the treated surface was 2.78, and after the accelerated thermal aging was 3.6. Observing the surface morphology, the polymer-nanocomposite enhanced the roughness of the treated surface and showed a high resistance to laboratory salt weathering.

Preparation of a polymer-nanocomposite by adding SiO2 and Al2O3 NPs to tetraethoxysilane polymer has been proposed. As a promising conservation material, the produced polymer-nanocomposite helped to form an efficient protective film.

This paper attains to develop an economic polymer-nanocomposite to maintain a high protection to damaged ancient Egyptian wall paintings and similar objects.

GOOD looks and long life are prime interests of any aircraft user, especially airline operators. Finishing products, particularly paints and anti‐corrosive treatments, play a vital role in manufacture, operation and maintenance. The special demands of aviation, including the abrasive conditions of high speed flight, place a premium on highly durable finishes, whether designed for exterior fuselage application or internal protection of essential components. In fact, every part of the structure should be protected by an anti‐corrosion coating.