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Cara Pils is the private label beer brand of Colruyt, the biggest supermarket retailer in Belgium. As a true private label brand, Cara Pils has never been advertised. In 2015, Colruyt undertook an initiative to reposition its numerous private label brands under two larger private label brands. Unexpectedly, customers were incensed by this initiative, came out in droves and took the matter to social media hoping to lament the demise of their beloved brand. This case study investigates the roots of this strong brand attachment and the consequences for its brand management.

This case is built on primary (one in-depth interview and two focus group) as well as secondary data sources (previous research and web information).

This case is designed to be used in a marketing management or brand strategy course for students that already followed an introduction to marketing course or for students at a master level.

This case should provide the basis of discussions on the topics of brand management, private-label brands, repositioning strategy, brand portfolio management, brand architecture, brand equity, brand elements, brand nostalgia, and consumers’ relationships with brands.

This study aims to polymerize of 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (PIL). PIL was embedded into PVA with a different content ratio by casting method. This research also deals with the effect of adding PIL in different proportions to PVA on the electrical and mechanical properties properties in addition to the morphology of the prepared samples.

1-Butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide was synthesized through quaternization and free radical polymerization. The resulting polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition to the morphology of PVA, PVA/PIL was investigated by polarizing microscope. Also, the effect of PIL content on the electrical and mechanical properties was evaluated.

The findings of this study might lead to new applications for PVA and PILs in electrical and dielectrics. The mechanical results revealed that the tensile strength increased slightly with increasing polyionic liquid (PIL) content and decreased above 10% PIL. While the elongation at break increased significantly with increasing PIL content and begin to decrease above 10% PIL. Also, the electrical property of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/PIL blends was improved because of the strong plasticizing effect of PIL. Also, the electrical conductivity of these polymer electrolytes is greatly increased. This indicates that the imidazolium-based PIL has an effective approach that leads to an increase in the conductivity of the polymer. The PILs/PVA design will not only enrich the chemical structure but also will contribute to green manufacturing techniques and a processing methodology that enables green membrane manufacture.

This study contributes to green manufacturing techniques and a processing methodology that enables “green” membrane manufacture.

The study aimed to examine the effect of a purpose in life (PIL) program on the wellness of Thai adolescents.

Two schools located in municipalities in southern Thailand were selected by simple random sampling. Students from each school were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (n = 35) or a control group (n = 32). The experimental group received the PIL program for 16 weeks. The control group received the routine education program. Participants' wellness was measured using the Wellness Scale (WS). The WS was validated for content validity by five Thai experts and tested for reliability with 30 junior high school students, yielding the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. The differences in the mean score of wellness across time were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

The mean scores of wellness of the experimental group and the control group were statistically significantly different across time (p < 0.001). Post hoc tests in the experimental group showed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of wellness between Week 1 and Week 16, Week 1 and Week 20 and Week 16 and Week 20 (p < 0.05). In the control group, the results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of wellness between Week 1 and Week 20 and Week 16 and Week 20 (p < 0.05).

The PIL program, originally developed within a Thai context and focused on the spiritual dimension, was effective in enhancing the wellness of Thai adolescents.

This paper aims to investigate the tribological properties of two protic ionic liquids used as lubricity-improving additives in the water. Their concentration was optimized for different metal friction pairs including bearing steel, stainless steel and aluminum alloy.

In this study tribological properties were investigated by using a ball-on-plate reciprocating tribometer. Three different friction pairs were selected: bearing steel-bearing steel; bearing steel-stainless steel; bearing steel-aluminum alloy. To optimize the concentration of investigated protic ionic liquids four concentrations were selected. Wettability was investigated using the droplet method. The corrosiveness of additive-loaded water was investigated using the iron chip method.

The results show that by using protic ionic liquids the lubricity of water could be greatly improved. However, the friction pair material and additive concentration play a significant role. The positive tribological effect was attributed to the polarity of the additive molecule which tends to form an adsorption layer. The polarity of molecules also leads to better surface wettability. It was also found that both investigated protic ionic liquids can improve the anticorrosion properties of water.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to present a complex investigation of tribological properties of two protic ionic liquids as additives in the water. In this case, three different metal friction pairs and four additive concentrations were investigated. The results could be interesting to those who are working in the field of water-based lubricants and luck for multipurpose lubricity-improving additives.

A fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle (FWUAV) is targeted to perform processor in the loop (PIL) simulations for the flight scenarios such as straight and level, level climb, level turn, climbing turn and level steady heading sideslip under windy conditions such as steady wind (SW) and wind gust (WG) in a desired and controlled manner.

The constrained multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) lateral and longitudinal linear models-based model predictive controllers (MPCs) which are proposed in a previous study (Ulker et al., 2017) are tested in the PIL simulations under specified windy conditions. BeagleBone Black Rev C is used as a target hardware or processor in the PIL simulations.

The results of the PIL simulations show that the MPCs proposed in the previous study can achieve satisfactory performance and flying qualities for the all flight scenarios handled in this paper under windy conditions.

The MPCs proposed in the previous study can be easily implemented in the real world to a low-cost and small-sized board like BeagleBone Black Rev C which is used in this paper.

The proposed MPCs in the previous study which are capable of providing more flexibility in terms of tracking complex trajectories are showed to be able to be implemented to real system by means of PIL simulations under the changeable windy conditions which are difficult for performance tests.

Innovative pedagogical delivery (IPD) and behaviour have been a major concern among academics in Nigeria. The purpose of this study is aimed at analyzing the impact of psychological empowerment (PE) on IPD through achievement orientation (AO) and perceived inclusive leadership (PIL) among academics of tertiary institutions in Nigeria.

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the academics in Nigeria, and 350 responses were received. A multiple regression analysis was conducted using Smart-PLS version 3.

Findings are: (a) PE significantly impacts AO and IPD; (b) AO mediates the relationship between PE and IPD; and (c) PIL moderates the relationship between PE and AO.

It is recommended that practitioners and administrators in tertiary institutions pay attention to academics’ AO while integrating employee empowerment intervention for optimum results.

The findings emphasize AO in explaining the mechanism by which the relationship between PE and IPD holds sway. PIL explains the boundary conditions under which PE can effectively influence IPD.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of judicial activism as a golden mean approach of judiciary in protecting and promoting human rights from illegitimate interferences of government. With this aim, several case studies have been done on verdicts of higher judiciary in Bangladesh.

This paper is an exploratory case study focused on Bangladesh. The paper is qualitative in nature and based on secondary sources of published facts like books, journal articles and Dhaka Law Reports. Information also gathered through Internet browsing.

Though judiciary is very effective to protect and promote human rights and rule of law in a country through judicial activism or public interest litigation, the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are crucial in Bangladesh. Delay and disposal of cases is one of the great impediments in the process of ensuring human rights in Bangladesh. Besides, negligence in implement the verdict of judiciary and interferences of executive over judiciary is another finding of this paper. Apart from these shortcomings, judicial activism is a very important potential instrument of judiciary to protect and promote human rights and the rule of law in Bangladesh.

The major limitation of this paper is it is based on secondary sources of information. It would have more rich if periodical data can be used for comparing theory and practice.

This paper would be helpful for making a policy for overcoming limitations of judicial activism in Bangladesh to protect and promote human rights.

Social awareness can be build-up through NGOs and readers by disseminating and penetrating information of this paper’s findings and recommendations.

This paper would an unique and add new knowledge in the literature of public interest litigation and Human Rights Law in the context of Bangladesh.

The paper describes six major approaches within strategic groups research: the industrial organization perspective (the IO-view), the strategic choice perspective, the strategy types perspective, the cognitive perspective, the customer perspective, and the business definition perspective. The two most promising perspectives to make real advances in the strategic management discipline seem to be the cognitive view and the business definition perspective. The purpose of a grouping based on business definitions is to provide an insight, as objective as possible, of the industry’s substructure which also corroborates with the cognitive maps of the industry which the CEOs have in mind. From a practical point of view, the classification of firms in groups based on commonality in business definition (buyer scope, product scope, geographical scope and degree of vertical integration), allows managers to compare their own firms with comparable firms (the firms within the same group). The research concerning strategic groups in the Belgian beer brewing sector and the Belgian electrical wholesale sector is presented. The major problems within the strategic groups research are discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether isolated illiteracy generates a barrier to knowledge about the Brazilian Federal Government’s Single Registry for social programs.

Based on information contained in the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios – PNAD) 2014, the propensity score matching method was combined with the algorithm proposed by Imbens (2015). The analyzed sample consists of two groups of illiterate individuals: isolated illiterates (IILs) (treatment group), which consists of only illiterate individuals who live with other illiterates; and proximate illiterates (PILs) (control group), which consists of illiterates who live with someone who is literate in the household.

Evidence indicates that IIL individuals are, on average, less likely to know about the single registry than PIL people.

The main limitation relates to the database since the only information available in the PNAD on the access to the single registry is for the year 2014.

The evidence found in the study reinforces the need to invest in the fight against illiteracy in Brazil.

Results show that a portion of the possible beneficiaries of social programs are still “invisible” to the government’s social protection networks, and this highlights the existence of possible errors of exclusion.

The paper compares two groups of illiterate people, a group that lives in an isolated illiteracy situation and the other that does not. It also assesses the effect of literacy externalities on the access to the Brazilian Single Registry.

Nowadays, most European welfare states have to face a crisis and to adapt themselves in the context of globalisation. This is true for most of the “original” European member states, so what a challenge for the European central and eastern countries that had to reform deeply their social systems in order to fit the rules of the market economy and join the European Union. So the point is to know in which direction the national systems of social protection are going by now.