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Book part
Publication date: 4 January 2014

John Humphrey

To identify points of similarity and differences of emphasis between internalisation theory and global value chain (GVC) theory and to highlight how the latter’s particular…

Abstract

Purpose

To identify points of similarity and differences of emphasis between internalisation theory and global value chain (GVC) theory and to highlight how the latter’s particular approach is useful in analysing the impact of private sustainability standards.

Methodology

Review of some key texts and reviews of internalisation theory combined with author’s reflections on GVC theory based on his contributions to its development.

Findings

GVC theory shares much common ground with the internalisation theory of international business, but their different starting points lead to different strengths and weaknesses. Internalisation theory is strong on the logic of decisions by transnational companies to internalise or externalise their activities. GVC theory is strongest in its consideration of how and why companies manage externalised activities in different ways, and its theory of network governance focuses on how governance challenges change in response to market requirements, shifts in the break point between enterprises, the role of codification in simplifying governance and the control of activities across multiple links in value chains. These factors explain how private and public–private standards in the field of sustainability are both a response to new external demands on value chains and, simultaneously, a means of reducing the complexity of governance challenges that such demands create.

Originality and value

Few attempts have been made to compare the two theories, and value chain theorists have not engaged with the international business literature. The chapter highlights the scope for a continuing and more systematic comparison of the two literatures.

Details

International Business and Sustainable Development
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-990-4

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 21 March 2023

Justyna Włodarczyk-Madejska

The analysis of criminality among older offenders is particularly important in the context of the changing age structure of Polish society. The share of older people among the…

Abstract

The analysis of criminality among older offenders is particularly important in the context of the changing age structure of Polish society. The share of older people among the inhabitants of Poland is increasing (from 10% in the 1990s to 17% in 2017), and this trend – as shown in the official statistical data – will remain consistent. It is estimated that by 2050, 33% of Polish society will be over 65 years of age. Doubtless this change will influence crime patterns – in particular the age of offenders and the crime structures. It is already visible in the statistics that within the population of convicted persons, the share of people aged 60+ has been increasing for several years (from 3.1% in 2007 to 4.8% in 2017). But the criminality of the older offenders differs from general crime patterns. Driving while intoxicated is the most common reason for convicting a person above 60.

The aim of this chapter is to present the spectrum of crimes committed by older offenders in Poland. The analysis was based on the findings from the field research conducted by the author. The research covered in-depth analysis of the data retrieved from 353 criminal court cases when the convicted perpetrator was at least 60 years of age at the time of offending. The data was used to analyse patterns of offending in older age, the types of crimes committed by older perpetrators and their circumstances, and the portrait of the victims of those offences. In addition, the author focused on the problem of appearance of offending in the life course of older offenders.

Details

Not Your Usual Suspect: Older Offenders of Violence and Abuse
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80071-887-6

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Abstract

Details

SDG15 – Life on Land: Towards Effective Biodiversity Management
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80117-817-4

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 30 July 2018

Abstract

Details

Marketing Management in Turkey
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78714-558-0

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 20 March 2024

Tom O'Donoghue and John Mortimer

Abstract

Details

Teacher Preparation in Papua New Guinea
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83549-077-8

Abstract

Details

Pioneering New Perspectives in the Fashion Industry: Disruption, Diversity and Sustainable Innovation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-345-4

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Book part
Publication date: 22 March 2021

Rosalind Bell-Aldeghi, Florence Jusot and Sandy Tubeuf

Purpose: This chapter describes the main features of the financing of health care expenditure in the French health care system.Methodology/Approach: This chapter presents key…

Abstract

Purpose: This chapter describes the main features of the financing of health care expenditure in the French health care system.

Methodology/Approach: This chapter presents key reforms that have been implemented to make the health care system more sustainable in the main dimensions of care: ambulatory, hospital, pharmaceuticals and insurance coverage.

Findings: Overall, French public authorities have followed three paths to improve the sustainability of the health care system: reducing public expenses, generalising access to complementary health insurance and streamlining care toward the most disadvantaged individuals. Looking in the future, the sustainability of the French health care system will mainly rely on two areas of recommendations. The first area is to respect the national annual target for health insurance spending, with a focus on responsible prescriptions, optimised care pathways and increased use of primary and ambulatory care where possible. The second area is to increase efficiency on the short to medium terms. This includes an increased quality of the care toward patients with a disability or special needs, a clearer engagement of patients within their care pathways to increase treatment compliance, and more generally a search for coordinated care that is fair and appropriate.

Details

The Sustainability of Health Care Systems in Europe
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83909-499-6

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Book part
Publication date: 30 January 2015

Shelley Boulianne

This paper examines whether new media can address low levels of political engagement among youth. This paper reports the results of an experiment conducted in 2010 and 2011 where…

Abstract

This paper examines whether new media can address low levels of political engagement among youth. This paper reports the results of an experiment conducted in 2010 and 2011 where a random sample of participants were exposed to a variety of online news sources. The experiment is unique in recognizing the varied ways in which online news is accessed and acquired by users, including through social networks, and in assessing how different news stories affect political interest. Interest in local politics was higher for youth who were exposed to a variety of online news sources as opposed to those youth who were not exposed to these sources. In addition, use of online news increased political interest, controlling for prior levels of political interest. The results affirm the potential of online news sources to stimulate youth’s interest and engagement in politics.

Details

Communication and Information Technologies Annual
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-454-2

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Book part
Publication date: 8 December 2021

Ângela Cristina Salgueiro Marques and Luís Mauro Sá Martino

Everyday conversation has not yet been assigned its full role in public discussion of citizen’s issues, despite the growing number of studies about it. Casual conversations are…

Abstract

Everyday conversation has not yet been assigned its full role in public discussion of citizen’s issues, despite the growing number of studies about it. Casual conversations are not usually regarded as a particularly privileged place for political discussions mainly because of its apparent lack of organization following the principles and rules of the deliberative tradition in Political Studies. However, due to its closeness, informality, and personal proximity, it is particularly adequate to rise political aspects of everyday lives that otherwise would not be publicly disclosed. But how to grasp the spontaneity of everyday conversation? This chapter argues that focus groups, as a research method, are fit to observe and understand real-time ordinary conversation on political issues. In what follows, the argument goes threefold: (1) it contrasts “conversation” with “deliberation” from a micro-point of view; (2) all conversation, as a discourse embroiled in power relations, is political in a broad sense (3) as it brings forward personal views and experiences, casual conversations defies the borders between public and private issues.

Details

Media, Development and Democracy
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80043-492-9

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