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The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the usefulness of inhibitors for the prevention of localised corrosion of carbon steel in a low‐aggressive medium. The efficiencies of two inorganic non‐toxic inhibitors are compared, associated with an oxidant.

Many experiments were conducted. For each experiment, a solution was prepared with different concentrations of pitting agent, inhibitor and oxidant. The performance was then estimated by the pitting potential taken from the voltammograms of carbon steel obtained with each solution.

The results show that the efficiency of molybdate and tungstate were comparable. The presence of iodate, which plays an oxidizing role, can be synergistic to the inhibitor but harmful if the concentration ratio is not adequate.

The interest in the use of an oxidant is that it makes it possible to reduce the inhibitor concentration, which limits the pH increase and prevents scale deposition.

This work provides useful guidance in the localised corrosion prevention of a semi‐open cooling circuit subject to seasonal sand‐storms. The obtained results from the many experiments carried out were compiled using neural networks for performance prediction.

The latest international research on vitamin C and its possible role in reducing the risk of cancers, heart disease and other serious ailments was presented at a conference held recently in Glasgow. The conference was held to celebrate ten years of production of vitamin C by Roche Products at Dairy. Professor Ronald Anderson from the University of Pretoria reviewed the origins and adverse effects on health of oxygen‐free radicals, and other reactive oxidants generated during activation of the human immune system, and the protective role of the anti‐oxidant nutrient vitamin C in the prevention of free radical‐mediated immune dysfunction, tissue damage and carcinogenesis during inflammatory responses. Here we include extracts from his paper.

Oxidative rancidity is a major problem in chicken meat because of its higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Besides this, microbial contamination is also one of the major problems of chicken meat which leads to deterioration in quality during storage. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate anti-microbial and anti-oxidant effects of various blends of essential oils (EOs) on the quality of emulsion-based (ready-to-eat) chicken sausages.

Sausages were incorporated with optimum level of four different blends of EOs containing six different EOs (Clove oil, Holybasil oil, Thyme oil, Cassia oil, Ajowan oil and Beetel oil), namely, Blend-1 (0.25 per cent), Blend-2 (0.25 per cent), Blend-3 (0.25 per cent) and Blend-4 (0.125 per cent); vacuum packaged and stored at −18±1°C for 60 days. Duplicate samples were taken for each parameter, and three trials were conducted for each experiment, total being six observations (n=6) for consistency of the results.

Significant decrease (p<0.05) in pH of control products was observed at each interval of storage period; however, in case of treatment products, significant decrease (p<0.05) was noticed from day 30 onwards. Blend-2 was observed with significantly lower (p<0.05) thio-barbituric acid reacting substances followed by Blend-1. Significantly lower (p<0.05) total phenolics content was observed in Blend-4 products as compared to other treatments. Regarding DPPH activity, control products showed significant decrease (p<0.05); however, in case of treatment products, DPPH activity showed significant (p<0.05) decrease after day 15 of storage. Microbial count increased with progressive storage period; however, the counts were well below the permissible limit of frozen meat products. All the blend incorporated products received very good sensory scores in consistent manner.

The work under this study would be very useful for the meat processing industries dealing with the perishable meat products. Use of natural anti-oxidants will also restore faith towards the consumers who are becoming more health conscious day by day.

The research work is original.

The purpose of this review is to summarize new research indicating that high-dose supplements of the antioxidant vitamin C can interfere with the benefits of physical exercise for athletic performance and the risk for chronic disease.

This article reviews current original literature on the regulation of human metabolism by oxidants and antioxidants and evaluates the role of exercise and high-dose vitamin C in this context. The presentation in this article aims to be informative and accessible to both experts and non-experts.

The evidence reviewed here indicates that single, high-dose supplements of the antioxidant vitamin C abolish the beneficial effects of athletic training on muscle recovery and strength as well as abolishing the benefits of exercise in lowering the risk for chronic disease. In contrast, an antioxidant-rich diet based on regular foods apparently enhances the benefits of exercise. These findings are consistent with an updated understanding of the critical importance of both oxidants and antioxidants in the regulation of human metabolism. While more research is needed to address the role of timing and level of antioxidant consumption, it is clear that a balance between oxidants and antioxidants is essential.

The information presented in this review is important for both athletes and the public at large in their efforts to choose nutrition and exercise regimes appropriate to maximize the outcome of their training efforts and lower their risk for chronic disease.

This article provides accessible and comprehensive information to researchers, nutritionists, and consumers interested in optimal nutrition during athletic training and for obtaining the full benefit of physical exercise in lowering the risk for chronic disease.

The aim of the paper is to develop a method of synthesising polyaniline (PANI) with excellent electrical conductivity.

The preparation of PANI was carried out by vibration of emulsifier (SDBS), oxidant (APS) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution concentration. The changes of temperature and time of reaction had also been observed and researched.

Changing of reaction conditions was found to have a great influence on polyaniline's conductivity. The optimum condition for preparing polyaniline salt is as follows: the molar ratio of n(An)/n(SDBS)/n(APS) is 10/10/9, the concentration of HCl is 0.9 M, stirred constantly at 0°C for a period of 3 h. By using this emulsion polymerisation pathway the maximum of conductivity of polyaniline is 4.35 s/cm.

The method can be widely applicable to coatings, preparation of exfoliated clay composites and solution blending with other commodity polymers.

The method could be adapted for use on an industrial scale.

Testing of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) or silicon carbide (SiC), sliding on itself in water, revealed that hydrodynamic lubrication can be obtained at low‐sliding velocity. The purpose of this paper is to study the performance of Si₃N₄‐metals pairs, sliding in water.

Ball on disc unidirectional sliding tests are run with Si₃N₄ against tool steel, stainless steel and cast iron in water. The friction force is recorded continuously and the wear is evaluated at the end of the run by geometric technique. In addition, SiC sliding on itself in oxidant solution (3 per cent solution of CrO₃ in water) is tested.

The measured friction and wear of water‐lubricated Si₃N₄ against metals are higher compared to Si₃N₄ sliding on itself. At the end of the run‐in SiC, lubricated by the oxidant solution, obtains hydrodynamic lubrication and friction and wear are lower than in water‐lubricated SiC.

The experimental results obtained are valid within the range of load and sliding velocity applied – 1‐10 N, 0.04‐0.33 m/s, respectively. The Si₃N₄ sliding against metals in water over sliding distance of 3,000 m has not shown tendency towards hydrodynamic lubrication.

The paper presents test data on friction and wear properties of Si₃N₄ sliding against metals in water. The low friction and ball wear rate of the SiC, lubricated by the oxidant solution, shows the potential of the 3 per cent distilled water solution of CrO₃ to surpass water as a lubricant for SiC sliding bearings.

Certain classes of organic chemicals that can behave like carbon black in protecting polythene from thermal degredation have recently been developed at Bell Telephone laboratories in the U.S.A. Mrs. A. Worthington and Dr. W. L. Hawkins described their discovery at a recent meeting of the American Chemical Society in New York. They demonstrated that a number of compounds containing alternating unsaturated bonds provide excellent thermal anti‐oxidant properties in combination with previously reported sulphur‐bearing compounds.

The anti‐oxidant vitamins include C, E, A and its pro‐vitamin beta carotene. In foods they stop foods oxidising, for example, they help delay the browning process in fruits and rancidity in fats. Their role in the body lies in their relationship with ‘free radicals’. Amanda Ursell BSc, SRD explains

The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries, the Minister of Food and the Secretary of State for Scotland, appointed a Working Party in May, 1951, “to examine the present structure of producers' prices for milk and to advise whether it is desirable and practicable to make revisions which would promote an improvement in the composition and quality of milk sold off farms in the United Kingdom”. The Working Party has now issued a Report (H.M.S.O.).

This review aims to provide synoptic documentation on acclaimed anecdotal plant-based remedies used by Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) communities to manage COVID-19. The theoretical approaches that form the basis for using the anecdotally claimed phytotherapies were reviewed against current scientific evidence.

In this paper plant-based remedies for managing COVID-19 were searched on social and print media to identify testimonies of people from different communities in LAC countries. Information was extracted, evaluated and reviewed against current scientific evidence based on a literature search from databases such as Journal Storage (JSTOR), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), SpringerLink, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline to explore the scientific basis for anecdotal claims.

A total of 23 medicinal plants belonging to 15 families were identified as phytotherapies used in managing COVID-19 in LAC communities.

The plant-based remedies contained valuable phytochemicals scientifically reported for their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant and anticancer effects. Anecdotal information helps researchers investigate disease patterns, management and new drug discoveries. The identified acclaimed plant-based remedies are potential candidates for pharmacological evaluations for possible drug discovery for future pandemics.