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Previous contributions have reported a reciprocal relationship between total quality management (TQM) and organizational learning (OL). This paper aims to provide a clarified understanding of this relationship.

A content analysis of 15 studies published in academic journals since 2000 was conducted to examine the reciprocal relationship between TQM and OL. The findings of this analysis, along with potential explanations for bidirectional links, are discussed.

This paper’s main contribution is to explain the interplay between these two management approaches by sorting the practices, behaviors, and values regarding their focus. The findings have identified two foci precisely common focus and complementary focus.

The relationship between TQM and OL has been examined in previous studies. Whereas, this study examines the reciprocal relationship between these approaches. This review presents new insights into the relationship between these approaches.

This article examines the direct effect of total quality management (TQM) practices on organizational performance (OP) and innovation (INN), as well as their indirect effect through organizational learning (OL) as a mediating variable. In addition, this survey examines company size as a contextual variable in the relationship between TQM and outcome variables.

A conceptual framework is proposed to test causal links between TQM, OP, INN and OL. To empirically test this framework, 110 questionnaires were collected from large Tunisian quality-certified industries, and 167 questionnaires were collected from small and medium-sized industries (SMIs) in order to examine the effect of company size. In this order, a multigroup analysis (MGA) is performed.

Using the structural equation modeling technique, seven hypotheses are investigated. The results reveal that TQM has a direct and significant positive effect on OP and INN. Data analysis shows that there is a significant positive effect between TQM and OL, while OL positively influences OP and INN. Furthermore, the results illustrate a mediating effect of OL between TQM and OP and INN. The results reveal that large industries and SMIs show significant differences in the relationship, including the conceptual model.

The conceptual framework can be used by practitioners for effective implementation of TQM practices to simultaneously improve operational performance, quality performance and INN. This study also focuses on the role of OL in large-scale industries.

While the relationships between TQM, INN and OP have been examined separately in previous studies, this study examines the relationship between these variables in a unique model in Tunisian industries, including OL as a mediating variable. In addition, it is one of the few studies that considers firm size as a contextual variable and provides an analysis of its effect on the relationships between these variables. This study presents new data and empirical insights into the relationship between these variables.