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The purpose of this paper is to formulate a leadership development praxis by integrating the theories of human agency and goal setting within an experiential framework.

Definitional and conceptual distinctions are made between leader and leadership development: this conceptual clarity allows for the development and explication of three interrelated propositions.

The analysis suggests that although each proposition focuses on a different phenomenon, level of analysis, and level of abstraction, these phenomena are connected, consistent with one another, and consistent with the conceptualization of leadership development provided herein; that is, leadership development is an active, intentional forward‐looking process that seeks to enhance the collective capacity of organizational members and the organization through human‐centered, goal‐inspired relationships.

The present research has direct implications for leadership development education, communicating organizational goals, and virtual teams.

This paper provides a leadership development praxis by showing how the broad, abstract concepts of human agency are mirrored in the action oriented constructs of goal setting and concretized within an experiential framework.

The primary purpose of this paper is to explore how momentous events may contribute to leadership development. A second purpose is to show how the formative attributes of momentous events are linked to leader traits needed for effective leadership.

The leadership tripod is used as the relational framework for exploring the formative capacity of momentous events. The formative capacity of momentous events, however, is realized through the personal memories of those events, that is, through autobiographical memory. Autobiographical memory, then, will provide an additional more rudimentary framework for exploring momentous events; within this framework, the momentous event will be dissected in order to identify its basic attributes, to explore how these attributes affect the leadership structure, and to show how changes to the leadership structure develop leaders.

Attributes and formative mechanisms of momentous events were identified, as were leader traits necessary for developmental readiness. Also, six propositions were distilled from this research. These propositions guide the implications about leadership training.

First, this research provides insight for leader‐situation interactions. Second, this research may provide guidance for strategies used in leadership development training.

This research provides three unique contributions to the literature: a focus on the experiential and relational aspects of leadership development; an analysis of the formative attributes and mechanisms of momentous events, along with the leader traits necessary for developmental readiness; and an exploration of momentous events as personal events memories.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for better understanding leadership development experiences by melding the existential‐phenomenological (E‐P) perspective with the leadership literature.

This study used questionnaires to elicit leadership development experiences. A sample of US Army officers provided 117 unique experiences. Various computational methods were used to empirically determine the essential elements and structure of these experiences.

The results provide support for the proposition that beneficial experiences were rated higher than non‐beneficial experiences on five elements: challenge, self‐efficacy, sociality, relevance, and reflectivity. Four of the five elements were represented by two components: an interpersonal component (sociality and relevance), and an intrapersonal component (self‐efficacy and challenge). A fifth element, reflectivity, was related to, but distinct from, both components. Reflectivity may bridge or connect the intrapersonal and the interpersonal components.

The research was limited to a sample of US Army officers. Future research should seek to replicate the findings in larger and more diverse samples, for example, the private sector. These efforts are currently planned.

The conceptual framework and method for understanding experiences that facilitate leadership development can be used by any organization. The present framework and findings are consistent with other approaches to leadership development (e.g. the competency approach).

This study used a unique and tractable approach for understanding leadership development experiences. The elements and structure of beneficial experiences were empirically determined using a number of computational methods; heretofore, this has not been done.

Historically, public services were provided by public institutions because they were seen as either the best-insulated or most sensitive to public sentiments. Today, the fusing of public responsibility with private expertise draws on research and theory stretching from Taylor’s scientific management to Osborne and Gaebler’s reengineering of government. This paper focuses on the historical promises and pitfalls that have come to define public service contracting in the twenty-first century. It describes the experiences of the Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA) with purchase of service contracts. The exploration of LAWA’s approach provides insight on how managers meet the community’s needs for efficiency and equity by capitalizing on contracting for public services.

The article examines the literature on research into leadership styles and gender: the results are conflicting and do not support the assumption that there are stereotypical masculine and feminine styles. What has emerged is that women managers are likely to possess both task‐ and relations‐oriented leadership behaviours. It is argued that the “androgynous” leadership style is effective in the management of change.

The purpose of this paper is to examine aspects of how workplace bullying is identified by the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), with a focus on the appropriateness of its response scale using item response theory (IRT).

IRT, in which the probability of a particular item response reflects an underlying latent variable, was used to examine NAQ-R responses from a sample of 1,173 Australian public servants (Study 1), and a representative UK data set (n=3,494; Study 2).

Results indicated that problems with the response scale appear to be due to the inclusion of the abstract “now and then” option amongst concrete time options (“never”, “now and then”, “monthly”, “weekly” and “daily”). These results were replicated in Study 2, providing evidence of the robustness of the findings, and suggesting the observations are not sample specific.

This work has implications for methods employed to identify and measure workplace bullying in research and organisational practice. Inconsistent endorsement of response scale options is a concern when total scores are calculated, or when a number of behaviours being experienced with a particular frequency on the response scale are taken as an indication of bullying having occurred.

Examining and refining the manner in which workplace bullying is indexed is important for identifying and managing workplace risks to health, safety and well-being.

In recent times, due to rapid urbanization and the expansion of the E-commerce industry, drone delivery has become a point of interest for many researchers and industry practitioners. Several factors are directly or indirectly responsible for adopting drone delivery, such as customer expectations, delivery urgency and flexibility to name a few. As the traditional mode of delivery has some potential drawbacks to deliver medical supplies in both rural and urban settings, unmanned aerial vehicles can be considered as an alternative to overcome the difficulties. For this reason, drones are incorporated in the healthcare supply chain to transport lifesaving essential medicine or blood within a very short time. However, since there are numerous types of drones with varying characteristics such as flight distance, payload-carrying capacity, battery power, etc., selecting an optimal drone for a particular scenario becomes a major challenge for the decision-makers. To fill this void, a decision support model has been developed to select an optimal drone for two specific scenarios related to medical supplies delivery.

The authors proposed a methodology that incorporates graph theory and matrix approach (GTMA) to select an optimal drone for two specific scenarios related to medical supplies delivery at (1) urban areas and (2) rural/remote areas based on a set of criteria and sub-criteria critical for successful drone implementation.

The findings of this study indicate that drones equipped with payload handling capacity and package handling flexibility get more preference in urban region scenarios. In contrast, drones with longer flight distances are prioritized most often for disaster case scenarios where the road communication system is either destroyed or inaccessible.

The methodology formulated in this paper has implications in both academic and industrial settings. This study addresses critical gaps in the existing literature by formulating a mathematical model to find the most suitable drone for a specific scenario based on its criteria and sub-criteria rather than considering a fleet of drones is always at one's disposal.

This research will serve as a guideline for the practitioners to select the optimal drone in different scenarios related to medical supplies delivery.

The proposed methodology incorporates GTMA to assist decision-makers in order to appropriately choose a particular drone based on its characteristics crucial for that scenario.

This research will serve as a guideline for the practitioners to select the optimal drone in different scenarios related to medical supplies delivery.

The purpose of this empirical paper is to investigate internal marketing from a behavioural perspective. The impact of internal marketing behaviours, operationalised as an internal market orientation (IMO), on employees' marketing and other in‐role behaviours (IRB) were examined.

Survey data measuring IMO, market orientation and a range of constructs relevant to the nomological network in which they are embedded were collected from the UK retail managers. These were tested to establish their psychometric properties and the conceptual model was analysed using structural equations modelling, employing a partial least squares methodology.

IMO has positive consequences for employees' market‐oriented and other IRB. These, in turn, influence marketing success.

The paper provides empirical support for the long‐held assumption that internal and external marketing are related and that organisations should balance their external focus with some attention to employees. Future research could measure the attitudes and behaviours of managers, employees and customers directly and explore the relationships between them.

Firm must ensure that they do not put the needs of their employees second to those of managers and shareholders; managers must develop their listening skills and organisations must become more responsive to the needs of their employees.

The paper contributes to the scarce body of empirical support for the role of internal marketing in services organisations. For researchers, this paper legitimises the study of internal marketing as a route to external market success; for managers, the study provides quantifiable evidence that focusing on employees' wants and needs impacts their behaviours towards the market.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new modification of the Adomian decomposition method for resolution of higher‐order inhomogeneous nonlinear initial value problems.

First the authors review the standard Adomian decomposition scheme and the Adomian polynomials for solving nonlinear differential equations. Next, the advantages of Duan's new algorithms and subroutines for fast generation of the Adomian polynomials to high orders are discussed. Then algorithms are considered for the solution of a sequence of first‐, second‐, third‐ and fourth‐order inhomogeneous nonlinear initial value problems with constant system coefficients by the new modified recursion scheme in order to derive a systematic algorithm for the general case of higher‐order inhomogeneous nonlinear initial value problems.

The authors investigate seven expository examples of inhomogeneous nonlinear initial value problems: the exact solution was known in advance, in order to demonstrate the rapid convergence of the new approach, including first‐ through sixth‐order derivatives and quadratic, cubic, quartic and exponential nonlinear terms in the solution and a sextic nonlinearity in the first‐order derivative. The key difference between the various modified recursion schemes is the choice of the initial solution component, using different choices to partition and delay the subsequent parts through the recursion steps. The authors' new approach extends this concept.

The new modified decomposition method provides a significant advantage for computing the solution's Taylor expansion series, both systematically and rapidly, as demonstrated in the various expository examples.