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This paper aimed to synthesise some new selenium-containing pyrazole, thiazole and thiophene dyestuffs and investigate their application in dyeing polyester fabrics.

4,4′-Diselanediyl-bis-(2-methoxyaniline) was diazotized by acetic acid/sodium nitrite and coupled with active methylene components such as malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate and ethyl acetoacetate, and their corresponding hydrazono products were cyclised with hydrazine or phenyl hydrazine to obtain a series of arylazo-pyrazole dyestuffs. Furthermore, diazo-coupling reactions of the diazotized 4,4′-diselanediyl-bis-(2-methoxyaniline) were developed to obtain a new series of 2-amino-5-arylazo-thiazole- and 4-aryazo-3-hydroxy-2-substituted thiophene dyestuffs.

The structure of the synthesised dyestuffs was established and confirmed based on their elemental analysis and spectral data (infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopies). The synthesised selenium-containing dyestuffs were applied as disperse dyes on polyester fabrics by high temperature-pressure technique. The dyeing characteristics of these dyestuffs were evaluated, and they were found to exhibit good fastness properties.

A series of symmetrical diselenide dyestuffs containing pyrazole, thiazole or thiophene coupler components were synthesised. The authors studied their application for dyeing polyester fabrics; they are superior in terms of preparation, yield, purity and fastness properties.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the protective effect of natural fermented milk (NFM) against liver cancer.

Five types of NFM were collected from different places around Makka. The natural flora which present in them were studied and certain types which contain Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. strains were selected to be used in the research. The nutritional experiment was carried out on 20 Albino mice divided into four groups. The first group (A) was control (not fed on NFM). The second (B) and third (C) groups were fed daily on (NFM) for two weeks. The final group (D) received basal diet only for four weeks, but after two weeks the third and fourth groups were treated orally by one dose of toxic mutagen (0.25 mg/mouse). The quality of life was measured by: specific strain count in stool; histopathological and histochemical studies on liver; and lymphocytic count.

Cow's milk which contains Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. has a protective effect depending on its anti‐microbial properties. Also it enhances the endogenous intestinal probiotic bacteria that have several beneficial effects (i.e. detoxification and antigen toxicity) and stimulation of immune modulator cells.

The paper evaluates the protective effect of natural fermented milk (NFM) against cancer of the liver.