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1 – 10 of 18Wei Guo, Honglin Liu and Chaoli Lan
Based on core description, gas logging and laboratory analysis, this paper aims to study the controlling effect of the types of shale sedimentary microfacies in coal formations…
Abstract
Purpose
Based on core description, gas logging and laboratory analysis, this paper aims to study the controlling effect of the types of shale sedimentary microfacies in coal formations over shale reservoirs using the example of Shanxi formation in Northern Ordos Basin.
Design/methodology/approach
According to core observation, the authors selected typical samples of rock types for thin section analysis to determine the micro features and compositions of rocks.
Findings
By using core observation, we found that fine lithology in Shanxi formation included major shale, carbonaceous shale, partially carbonaceous shale, partially silty shale and silty shale with colors of gray, dark gray, black and/or gray. Shanxi Formation shale are deposited in plant-rich and plant-poor swamps, interdistributary depressions of delta plains, interfluvial depressions of meandering rivers as well as microfacies environment of natural levees and the distal crevasse splay.
Originality/value
Currently, the research on the shale gas in Shanxi Formation in the Ordos Basin is still in its infancy. There is yet no research on the fine-grained partition of the sedimentary facies in coal accumulation environment of Shanxi formation and the controlling effect of sedimentary microfacies over shale reservoirs.
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Yifeng Wang, Jian Li, Jianfa Chen and Chengshan Li
It is shown in natural gas proportion mixing experiments that a mixed-source natural gas is the physical combination of end member gas. Both the carbon and hydrogen isotopes in…
Abstract
It is shown in natural gas proportion mixing experiments that a mixed-source natural gas is the physical combination of end member gas. Both the carbon and hydrogen isotopes in the mixed-source natural gas can be expressed by the weighted average of corresponding components content and isotopes of end member gas. Under certain geological setting, the selection of end member gas is the key to mixed-source ratio calculation. Then, it's better to estimate the mixed-source ratio with δ13C1 and component data according to the weighted average calculation formula. The analysis on natural gas geochemistry characteristics show that the natural gas extracted from Jingbian Gas Field in the Ordos Basin is mainly an upper Paleozoic coal-derived gas. In the analysis of geological conditions for reservoir forming and characteristics of natural gas, natural gas from Longtan 1 Well and Tao 6 Well were selected as the end member gases of lower Paleozoic oil-type gas and upper Paleozoic coal-type gas respectively to calculate the mixed-source ratio of natural gas in Jingbian Gas Field. The ratio of upper Paleozoic coal-derived gas mostly accounts for over 70% and its average ratio reaches 81%. Therefore, the exploration of natural gas of Ordos Basin should be focused on the upper palaeozoic coal source rock, and attention should be paid to the matching of coal source rock in the exploration of weathered crust gas deposit.
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Chao Jin, LangTao Liu, GuoQiang Hao and Kuo Cao
Sedimentary facies type of the Shanxi Formation in northeastern Ordos Basin is an ongoing debate. Based on field measurements, sample collection and identification, and laboratory…
Abstract
Sedimentary facies type of the Shanxi Formation in northeastern Ordos Basin is an ongoing debate. Based on field measurements, sample collection and identification, and laboratory analysis, we systematically evaluated the sedimentary characteristics of the sandstone bodies of Shanxi Formation of Chengjiazhuang section in Liulin. Analysis included identifying sample composition, grain size, texture, sedimentary structure and spatial distribution. We came to the conclusion that the sedimentary environment of Shanxi Formation is deltaic. This deltaic environment included deltaic front and deltaic plain. It can be further divided into five sedimentary microfacies: subfluvial distributary channel, subfluvial distributary interchannel, distributary channel, levee, and peat bog. And lastly, the evolution of sedimentary environment of Shanxi Formation is discussed.
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Yijun Hou, Dongdong Wang and Guoqi Dong
The purpose of this paper is to take the early Permian no.6 coal seam in Jungar coalfield of North China as an example, this paper studied the net primary productivity (NPP) level…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to take the early Permian no.6 coal seam in Jungar coalfield of North China as an example, this paper studied the net primary productivity (NPP) level of the early Permian peatland and its relationship with the atmospheric environment at that time, analyzed the influence of the atmospheric environment, and discussed its control factors.
Design/methodology/approach
First, geophysical logging signals were used for a spectrum analysis to obtain the Milankovitch cycle parameters in the no. 6 coal seam, including the eccentricity (95 ka); obliquity (35.6 ka); and precession (21.2 ka). These were then used to calculate the accumulation rate of the residual carbon in the no. 6 coal seam, which was determined to be between 49.44 and 50.57 gC/(m2 · a). The carbon loss could be calculated according to the density and residual carbon content of the no. 6 coal seam. Then, the total carbon accumulation rate of the peatland was further derived as being between 64.91 and 66.40 gC/(m2 · a). Also, the NPP of the peatland was determined to be between 129.82 and 132.8 gC/(m2 · a).
Finding
The result showed that the NPP of the early Permian peatland area was lower than that of the Holocene at the same latitude, and also lower than that of the later Permian of South China.
Originality/value
This study’s comprehensive analysis indicated that the temperature and humidity conditions, along with the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, were the main control factors of the NPP of the early Permian peatland. Also, wildfires were found to play a role.
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Xueliang Zhang, Meixia Wang, Binghua Zhou and Xintong Wang
Because of the properties of loess, the occurrence of collapse following deformation of a large settlement is a common problem during the excavation of tunnels on loess ground…
Abstract
Purpose
Because of the properties of loess, the occurrence of collapse following deformation of a large settlement is a common problem during the excavation of tunnels on loess ground. Hence, risk management for safer loess tunnel construction is of great significance. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of factors on collapse risk of loess tunnels and establish a risk assessment model using rough set theory and extension theory.
Design/methodology/approach
The surrounding rock level, groundwater conditions, burial depth, excavation method and support close time were selected as the factors and settlement deformation was the verification index for risk assessment. First, using rough set theory, the influence of risk factors on the collapse risk of loess tunnels was calculated by researching engineering data of excavated sections. Then, a collapse risk assessment model was developed based on extension theory. As the final step, the model was applied to practical engineering in the Loess Plateau of China.
Findings
The weights of surrounding rock level, groundwater conditions, burial depth, excavation method and support close time obtained using rough set theory were respectively 10.811 per cent, 18.919 per cent, 24.324 per cent, 40.541 per cent and 5.406 per cent. The assessment results obtained using the model were in good agreement with field observations.
Originality/value
This study highlights key points in collapse risk management of loess tunnels, which could be very useful for future construction methods. The model, using easily obtained parameters, helps in predicting the collapse risk level of loess tunnels excavated under different geological conditions and by different construction organizations and provides a reference for future studies.
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P.S. D’Urso, R.G. Thompson and W.J. Earwaker
Stereolithographic (SL) biomodelling is a relatively new technology that allows three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) data to be used to generate accurate solid plastic…
Abstract
Stereolithographic (SL) biomodelling is a relatively new technology that allows three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) data to be used to generate accurate solid plastic replicas of biological structures (biomodels). A prospective trial to investigate the utility of biomodelling in palaeontology was performed. Seven fossil specimens were selected. Volumetric 3D reconstructions were generated on each specimen. The data of interest were edited and converted into a form acceptable for SL. SL uses a laser to selectively polymerize photosensitive resin to manufacture each biomodel. The biomodels were assessed for fidelity, internal morphology and for use in display and demonstration. Biomodelling was found to faithfully replicate the fossilized specimens. The most important variable affecting biomodel accuracy was the initial acquisition of 3D CT data. Biomodelling is intuitive, user‐friendly technology that facilitates morphological assessment and specimen reconstruction. Biomodelling allowed both internal and external features of fragile specimens to be safely replicated without risk.
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Air pollution in China.
Details
DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB225904
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Wen Yang, Sherong Hu and Shimin Ma
The purpose of this paper is to find the relationship of palaeontology, palaeobotany and coal thickness of Taiyuan Formation during Late Carboniferous – Early Permian Period in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find the relationship of palaeontology, palaeobotany and coal thickness of Taiyuan Formation during Late Carboniferous – Early Permian Period in Shanxi Province.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper selects three regions, namely, Baode, Xishan and Lingchuan, to analyse the distribution characteristics of palaeontology, palaeobotany and variation of coal thickness.
Findings
It was found that in a certain period of geological history, palaeontology and palaeobotany play a dominant role in shaping of a coal-bearing basin. Coal seam thickness changes largely from the northwest to the southeast, gradually thinning in Taiyuan Formation.
Originality/value
Palaeontology and palaeobotany play a dominant role in the shaping of a coal-bearing basin.
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Shu Yi, Lin Xiao, Yong Zhang, Dujuan Duan and Maksim G. Blokhin
This paper describes the organic geochemical characteristics and their roles on barium enrichment in the No. 2 Coal from Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield, China. A total of 18 bench…
Abstract
This paper describes the organic geochemical characteristics and their roles on barium enrichment in the No. 2 Coal from Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield, China. A total of 18 bench samples were taken from Huangling Mine 2. The average content of barium (3701 mg/kg) was about 23 times higher than that of common world coals. Terrestrial higher plants were the main coal-forming parent material. Relying on the parameters of OEP, Pr/Ph and so on, there is little correlation between organic geochemical characteristics and barium enrichment. Therefore, organic material has little influence on the process of coal-forming and the enrichment of barium.
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Yue Yuan, Yanheng Li and Jingsen Fan
In this paper, the geochemical characteristics of the trace elements of the No. 6 coal seam from Tanggongta mine, Jungar Coalfield, were studied using the methods of an…
Abstract
In this paper, the geochemical characteristics of the trace elements of the No. 6 coal seam from Tanggongta mine, Jungar Coalfield, were studied using the methods of an energydispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometric (XRF) techniques. The content of sulfur ranges from 0.09% to 2.83% (1.09% on average). The ash is from 11.70% to 31.47% (20.72% on average), and the moisture is from 2.72% to 6.82% (4.72% on average). The main minerals are kaolinite, carbonate minerals and pyrite. Compared with the average values of Chinese coal, the contents of Ga, Cd, Tl, Li, Sr, and Ag are high. Compared with the values of world coal, Li and Sr are found at high levels. The distribution mode of the REE shows that LREE is concentrated, but HREE is relatively low. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most likely source of the coal’s Li. The bauxite of the Benxi formation could be another source of the coal’s Li in the NE Jungar Coalfield.
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