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As a just‐in‐time (JIT) ordering system for multi‐stage production inventory systems, both the kanban system and its alternative, the concurrent ordering system, have been proposed. For both JIT ordering systems, the reactive JIT ordering systems that adjust the buffer size responding to unstable changes in demand were proposed. In addition to the adjustment of buffer size, switching ordering systems between the kanban system and the concurrent ordering system is proposed in order to realize agile control in JIT ordering systems. In the proposed system, the time series data of demand is monitored, and switching the order release systems and adjusting the buffer size are considered when an unstable change in demand is detected with the exponentially weighted moving average charts. The effectiveness of the proposed system is analyzed using simulation experiments under unstable conditions. From these simulation experiments, it is clear that the proposed system can react to unstable changes in demand and satisfy the required level for the mean waiting time of demand. Also, to attain the required level, the proposed system must possess much less work‐in‐process inventories than the previous systems which adjust only the buffer size and do not switch ordering systems.

Deals with the kanban system in just‐in‐time (JIT) production as a system of production planning and inventory control for multi‐stage production inventory systems, Constructs a queueing network model of the kanban system with SLAM II. Aims to improve the kanban system by modifying the flow of information. Because the orders for all stages are released concurrently, the modified system is called the concurrent ordering system. By means of simulation experiments, investigates and compares the performances of the models.

This study aims to demonstrate how marketing analytics can be used to identify the challenges a B2B company faced in the conversion from a hard-copy print catalog to a digital ordering system. Specifically, an empirical research approach identified the potential issues the company was likely to face in the digitalization of the company’s catalog.

Using the Qualtrics survey platform, a questionnaire was used to obtain a final sample of 332 customers (a 14.02% response rate) on a variety of issues related to the transition from the company’s current printed catalog to a digital catalog ordering system. A variety of data analysis procedures were used to gain insight and highlight potential issues in the move to a digital format.

A variety of potential stumbling blocks were identified that suggest the company should move forward with caution. The data analysis was used to suggest areas that needed to be emphasized in the rollout of the new digital ordering system.

Like all marketing research, this application is limited by the methods used and the data generated by this study. Its implications suggest the potential use of marketing research before an important change in a B2B company’s marketing approach.

This paper provides an approach that can be used by firms considering a change to digitize key components of their marketing assets.

The research contributes to the B2B marketing literature by demonstrating how data-driven marketing analytics can be used to identify potential issues prior to the development of a new digital marketing approach used by B2B firms.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a wireless web‐based ordering system called iMenu in the restaurant industry.

By using wireless devices such as personal digital assistants and WebPads, this system realizes the paradigm of pervasive computing at tableside. Detailed system requirements, design, implementation and evaluation of iMenu are presented.

The evaluation of iMenu shows it explicitly increases productivity of restaurant staff. It also has other desirable features such as integration, interoperation and scalability. Compared to traditional restaurant ordering process, by using this system customers get faster and better services, restaurant staff cooperate more efficiently with less working mistakes, and enterprise owners thus receive more business profits.

While many researchers have explored using wireless web‐based information systems in different industries, this paper presents a system that employs wireless multi‐tiered web‐based architecture to build pervasive computing systems. Instead of discussing theoretical issues on pervasive computing, we focus on practical issues of developing a real system, such as choosing of web‐based architecture, design of input methods in small screens, and response time in wireless web‐based systems.

Considers a multi‐stage multi‐product production, inventory and transportation system including lot production processes and develops a mathematical model for a pull type ordering system. The decision variables of the presented model are initial ordering quantities and the objective is to minimize the sum of the replenishment level at each inventory point. The model is formulated as an integer programming problem, and an approximate procedure is proposed to obtain a near optimal solution in short time using a mathematical programming package. Finally, shows a numerical example of the model applied to an actual manufacturing system of an automobile parts manufacturer in order to verify the effectiveness of the solution procedure and to clarify the applicability of the modelling approach.

This paper describes the process of creating a retail ordering application and aims to see how to achieve this through an IDE (integrated development environment) and back-end services for smart cities. The main goals are: allow a user to create an account, allow an admin user to edit or delete an order, create a database of products, test the application and replace the current ordering system, such as a desktop-based application, with a mobile-first approach.

Based on the Scrum method, this paper tries to develop the retail ordering application that can be used on an iOS device, such as an iPhone. Before the application design, the issues related to the software design will be researched and justified.

The proposed application has been created, and the objectives which were proposed have been met in terms of creating a user account and registering it with the database, using this to log in to the application, creating orders by taking the customer and product details and been able to view and edit these through another admin account for smart cities.

For customers, the mobile-based ordering system makes their shopping experience more convenient and easier. For the business, the staff's work can be more efficient, and companies are able to reduce their expenses. For the new software developers, this work demonstrated the process of creating a retail ordering application from scratch.

This work will be of great value to the customers, retail business as well as the new software developers. In order to establish sustainable cities and provide high-quality life to the citizens, the concept of “smart” has been widely used in urban construction. This paper contributes to the smart city area by creating a retail ordering application based on the iOS system.

This paper aims to focus on the question whether formalisation of the ordering process can be helpful in achieving responsiveness, while remaining efficient.

Three dimensions of the ordering process are discussed, namely logistical control, information processing and the organisational setting of the ordering process. Data were gathered from case studies at five different production companies.

It is suggested that a highly formalised logistical control structure is essential in achieving responsiveness and efficiency. From the formalisation strategies applied by the companies it can also be concluded that a formalised organisational setting of the ordering process is necessary for being responsive in case the logistical control is characterised by a low degree of formalisation.

The paper presents a detailed operationalisation of the formalisation of three dimensions of the ordering process. This is helpful in formulating guidelines for structuring the ordering process to become more responsive.

To develop an EOQ based model to quantify the benefit accrue due to coordination for the one supplier and n retailer supply chain system and concept to share the benefits derived from coordination.

An intensive literature review has been done in the area of supply chain coordination covering both marketing and operational perspective. The analysis of literature has shown that models to quantify the benefits for supply chains consisting of a single supplier who supplies a product to multiple heterogeneous buyers are very limited. To fill this critical research gap the benefit sharing mechanism is derived based on optimal order quantity of the supply chain system.

This paper demonstrates the benefits of coordination to the supply chain system in terms of cost saving and generating the surplus money. It also suggests a way to find the range of prices to facilitated coordination. Under the developed pricing policy, no partner after coordination had to bear a loss. So in that sense we can say that the benefits of coordination are distributed to all the partners.

The proposed model for benefit sharing protects the interest of all supply chain partners and hence will be profitable to all. The pricing scheme suggested will motivate retailers to increase ordering quantity per order, thereby reducing the joint ordering and holding costs.

The paper is unique in terms of quantifying and sharing the benefits of coordination for one supplier – multi heterogeneous buyer supply chain system.

Shukla et al. (2012) proposed a signature and index to detect and measure rogue seasonality in supply chains, but which, however, were not effectively validated. The authors have sought to investigate rogue seasonality using control theory and realistic multi echelon systems and rigorously validate these measures, so as to enable their application in practice. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Frequency domain analysis of single echelon and simulated four echelon Beer game system outputs are used in the investigation, with the simulation incorporating realistic features such as non-linearities from backlogs and batching, hybrid make to order-make to stock ordering system and the shipment variable. Lead time, demand process parameters, ordering parameters and batch size are varied in the simulation to rigorously assess the validity of the index.

The signature based on the cluster profiles of variables, specifically whether the variables cluster together with or away from exogenous demand, was validated. However, a threshold for the proportion of variables that could be clustered with exogenous demand and the system still being classified as exhibiting rogue seasonality, would require to be specified. The index, which is derived by quantifying the cluster profile relationships, was found to be a valid and robust indicator of the intensity of rogue seasonality, and which did not need any adjustments of the kind discussed for the signature. The greater effectiveness of the frequency domain in comparison to time for deriving the signature and index was demonstrated.

This work enables speedy assessment of rogue seasonality in supply chains which in turn ensures appropriate and timely action to minimize its adverse consequences.

Detailed and specific investigation on rogue seasonality using control theory and Beer game simulation and rigorous validation of the signature and index using these methods.

To introduce a Petri nets model that describes a networked manufacturing system and its dynamics.

A hybrid Petri nets model is constructed, the continuous part of which is to describe the dynamics of the production process within a manufacturing system and the discrete part of which is to describe the dynamics of the ordering and delivering process between every two manufacturing systems. In addition, the mathematical formulation of the dynamics of networked manufacturing systems is proposed to describe its behaviors in detail. Based on the model, the control system architecture of networked manufacturing systems is constructed to make and execute the production plan, solve the conflicts among manufacturing systems and realize the reconfiguration of the network.

There are two key aspects in the dynamics of this hybrid system: first, in the continuous part of this hybrid system, the production process, the variables are discrete. Accordingly, the change of the systems states is not always continuous. Second, in the discrete part of this hybrid system the control variables are actually the safety and objective inventory levels and the minimum quantity of cumulative orders to trigger deliveries which determine the time and quantities of ordering or delivery. However, the relations between them are non‐linear.

Based on the model, the control system architecture of networked manufacturing systems can be constructed to make and execute the production plan, solve the conflicts among manufacturing systems and realize the reconfiguration of the network.