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The airline industry has been significantly hit by the occurrence of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, facing one of its worst crises in history. In this context, the present paper analyses one of the well-known boarding methods used in practice by the airlines before and during the coronavirus outbreak, namely back-to-front and suggests which variations of this method to use when three passenger boarding groups are considered and a jet bridge connects the airport terminal with the airplane.

Based on the importance accorded by the airlines to operational performance, health risks, and passengers' comfort, the variations in three passenger groups back-to-front boarding are divided into three clusters using the grey clustering approach offered by the grey systems theory.

Having the clusters based on the selected metrics and considering the social distance among the passengers, airlines can better understand how the variations in back-to-front perform in the new conditions imposed by the novel coronavirus and choose the boarding approach that better fits its policy and goals.

The paper combines the advantages offered by grey clustering and agent-based modelling for offering to determine which are the best configurations that offer a reduced boarding time, while accounting for reduced passengers' health risk, measured through three indicators: aisle risk, seat risk and type-3 seat interferences and for an increased comfort for the passengers manifested through a continuous walking flow while boarding.

VERTICAL take‐off aircraft in the form of jump‐autogyros and helicopters have been under sporadic development since the first world war during which a co‐axial design attributed to von Karman was used tethered for observation purposes. Only limited success was achieved between the wars due to two main factors:

This chapter sets out to survey the traditional plane boarding strategies employed by major airlines in the commercial aviation industry. It then reviews the simulation-based and analytical approaches to getting passengers on an aircraft in the existing literature before zeroing in on the latter. A new integer program is proposed to minimize the time required to eliminate the interferences among all passengers when boarding a flight so that the plane can take off as soon as possible. The mathematical model is subsequently put to test in an example involving a hypothetical small aircraft, and the results show that it is more efficient as well as more flexible than those proposed in other studies. Other ways to shorten the enplaning time are also discussed. The contributions of the present work and several directions for future research are described in the conclusions.

Recently, the importance of a lived experience workforce in the delivery of mental health services has been demonstrated. The roll-out of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia has generated the need for a significant increase in the disability workforce, including psychosocial disability. The purpose of this paper is to describe the strategies outlined in the One Door Mental Health Lived Experience Framework (LEF), which is the culmination of over 30 years of experience in providing mental health services and the employment of a lived experience workforce.

One Door developed and implemented the LEF, a thorough guide to the employment and support of a workforce of people with lived experience of mental illness, through consultation with consumers, carers, stakeholders, practice advisors, management, human resources and employee focus groups.

Extensive support structures in the LEF are key to achieving the benefits of a lived experience workforce. The LEF has positioned One Door successfully for the achievement of key organisational goals in mental health support and advocacy.

Mental health policies and support are critical for productivity outcomes in any workplace regardless of the level of lived experience of the employees. This paper provides organisations, particularly those within the mental health sector, an example to build on in their own employment and support strategies.

This paper is of particular value in the context of organisations in the mental health sector transitioning to the NDIS.

NEW KINDS OF CORROSION. That one door opens and another closes might be looked upon as a ‘law’ of scientific progress. The development of synthetic glues for plywood and other bonded woodwork was a notable stride forward for strength and for reducing the risk of woodworm or beetle infestation. Now, as the latest D.S.I.R. Annual Report (1955–56, H.M.S.O., 1957, p. 29) reveals, vapours from these synthetic glues can cause serious corrosion with metals. Both phenol and formaldehyde vapours have corrosive effects, and these substances are major components of many of the new synthetic glues and adhesives. At relative humidity of 90 per cent. and in the 25 to 30°C. temperature range, formaldehyde vapour is very corrosive to the common constructional or plating metals, e.g., brass, copper, cadmium, zinc, mild steel, lead and solder. Phenol is less aggressive; although its vapour may stain some metals, it attacks only cadmium with severity. However, these vapours are given off quite slowly from wooden packaging units or from modern cabinet work containing metallic parts (e.g., a radio set), and the risk of corrosion is sizeable only in enclosed space conditions such as during storage or long transport. With normal access to air, the vapours would not accumulate to present any significant threat.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a sociological analysis of everyday interaction on the physical front line of the Norwegian welfare state.

The data are from a short-term ethnographic study in the reception/waiting rooms of three local welfare offices. These are important sites for access to benefits and services. The focus is on the situational and interactional aspects: how do people behave and interact with fellow visitors as well as with front line staff in this institutional context? For the analysis, Goffman’s conceptual framework on behaviour in public places is combined with concepts from a theory of access to welfare benefits.

The analysis shows how people fill these spaces with different activities, and how they are characterized by a particular type of welfare “officialdom”, boundary work and the handling of welfare stigma. Everyday interaction on the front line gives insights into the tensions in an all-in-one welfare bureaucracy and into the implementation of digitalization. The paper concludes that “old” and “new” tensions are expressed and managed at the front line, and suggests that more attention be paid to the new barriers that are developing.

The study contributes an ethnographic approach to a seldom studied part of welfare administration. The waiting rooms in the Norwegian welfare organization are actualized as a social arena influenced by new trends in public administration: one-stop shops, a new heterogeneity, activation policies and digitalization processes.

HELD in London the third European Aerospace Conference was organized by the Royal Aeronautical Society and similar professional bodies in France, Germany and Italy and provided an opportunity for wide ranging discussions embracing the operation, maintenance, regulation and technological considerations governing civil aviation today. The Conference was subtitled Problems, Solutions and Actions and many of these were aired by the manufacturers, operators and airport authorities who are directly affected by whatever regulations and constraints may be imposed from time to time.

EVIDENCE of the importance which automation is assuming comes from the Institution of Production Engineers, who announce that they will hold a National Conference in Margate from 16th to 19th June, 1955, when it is proposed to examine the implications of the automatic factory, and to promote discussion on the technical, sociological and managerial problems involved. The impact on smaller factories will be particularly considered.

This paper aims to deal with an increasing securitization and criminalisation of migration in Europe highlighting ethical implications of the current surveillance-based EU migration governance. It is shown that EU member states employ surveillance regimes to control movements across borders and to restrict migrants' access to their territories. The ethical acceptability of such practices is questioned with a particular focus on the “freedom of movement”.

In order to establish the extent to which the current EU migration governance can be considered ethically justifiable, the article starts out from the right to mobility as coded in the UN Declaration of Human Rights. It is shown that the current migration governance obstructs the rights specified in Articles 13 and 14. At the same time, shortcomings of the UN declaration are discussed and the need for a better protection of the freedom of movement is suggested.

It is established that human rights are such that promote normative agency and a type of rights that trump, for example, states interests in restricting access to their territories do not outweigh individuals rights to seek asylum. In order to make this relation more clear however, the right to mobility should be made symmetric, including both a right to leave and to enter (but not a right to immigrate and settle). An extensive right to freedom of movement is advocated based on the significance of mobility for normative agency. A substantial right to mobility supports the right to seek asylum.

As of yet, ethical implications of surveillance-based border control are under-researched.

This Case Study examines how joint commissioning has been implemented in Oxfordshire in relation to learning disability services. It describes the context in which joint commissioning has developed, the Oxfordshire model for this care group, and the financial and human resources structures which support the model. The Case Study analyses some of the positive outcomes of this approach alongside areas of particular challenge.