Books and journals Case studies Expert Briefings Open Access
Advanced search

Search results

1 – 10 of 24
To view the access options for this content please click here
Article
Publication date: 18 July 2020

Growth and foreign direct investment absorption across cultural dimensions

Alfredo A. Romero and Jeffrey A. Edwards

Injections of foreign direct investment (FDI) are often followed by injections of foreign culture which may not be well received among the local population. If this is the…

HTML
PDF (1.7 MB)

Abstract

Purpose

Injections of foreign direct investment (FDI) are often followed by injections of foreign culture which may not be well received among the local population. If this is the case, culture may impede any positive externalities from FDI. On the other hand, if the people of the host country embrace injections of FDI, this may lead to boosts in not only short-run factors of production but also longer-term technological spillovers. We measure what role cultural make-up of a country plays on the effect of FDI on growth in GDP.

Design/methodology/approach

Using values system data from the World Values Survey (WVS), and socioeconomic data from the World Bank, we estimate and plot the marginal effect of FDI on growth as a function of a country's values system for a panel of 73 countries over a span of three decades.

Findings

We find that the marginal effect of FDI on growth in GDP differs across varying degrees of cultural values, even after adjusting for level of development. In other words, our analysis indicates that a country's cultural norms do indeed affect foreign investment's impact on economic growth.

Originality/value

To date there is no research that systematically assesses the effect that cultural make-up has on the marginal effect of FDI on growth. We go beyond the use of isolated cultural variables by using data on cultural dimensions that account for most of the observed cultural differences between countries. We believe our findings will work as a launchpad for more novel ways to capture country heterogeneity in growth research.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2019-0549.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 47 no. 8
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2019-0549
ISSN: 0306-8293

Keywords

  • Growth
  • Culture
  • Foreign direct investment
  • World values survey
  • O24
  • O40
  • O57

To view the access options for this content please click here
Book part
Publication date: 4 July 2019

Socio-economic Systems in the Phase of Crisis (Long Recession)

Anastasia A. Kurilova, Kirill Y. Kurilov, Tatiana A. Dugina and Evgeny A. Likholetov

The purpose of the chapter is to study regional (in the global scale) peculiarities of the 2008 global economic crisis and to determine socio-economic systems that are in…

HTML
PDF (624 KB)
EPUB (205 KB)

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the chapter is to study regional (in the global scale) peculiarities of the 2008 global economic crisis and to determine socio-economic systems that are in the phase of crisis (long recession).

Methodology

The research objects are regional associations of countries according to the classification of the participants of the global economic system of the International Monetary Fund. The research is conducted by aggregation (the method of finding direct average) of the annual growth rate of GDP in constant prices by the selected categories of regional socio-economic systems. Timeframe of the research covers 2006–2018 and the forecast period of 2019–2022. The methodological tools of the research include the methods of horizontal and trend analysis.

Conclusions

It is determined that most developing countries – Commonwealth of Independent States, emerging and developing Asia and Latin America, and the Caribbean – are in a long recession and will overcome the consequences of the crisis only in the mid-term. Developing countries from the categories the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and sub-Saharan Africa faced a deep and long second wave of the crisis and will have a long recession until 2022. They will overcome it only in the long-term. The only category of developing countries – emerging and developing Europe – despite the general downward trend of GDP in constant prices – shows sustainable development and has already overcome the crisis.

Originality/value

The influence of the global economic crisis on the global economic system through the prism of the regional aspect is specified. It is shown that at present (2018) most regions of the global economic system are covered with crisis and will have long recession until 2022. Developing countries have faced the highest damage from the 2008 crisis, and most of them have the second or even the third wave of crisis.

Details

“Conflict-Free” Socio-Economic Systems
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-993-920191023
ISBN: 978-1-78769-994-6

Keywords

  • Socio-economic system
  • crisis
  • long recession
  • global economic system
  • developed countries
  • developing countries
  • G01
  • H12
  • O57

To view the access options for this content please click here
Book part
Publication date: 26 November 2019

Joint Estimation of Fiscal Policy, Income Inequality, Trade and Economic Growth: Evidence from Emerging Market Economy

Dipyaman Pal, Chandrima Chakraborty and Arpita Ghose

The present study aims to determine the existence of simultaneous relationship between economic growth, income inequality, fiscal policy, and total trade of the 13…

HTML
PDF (107 KB)
EPUB (4.8 MB)

Abstract

The present study aims to determine the existence of simultaneous relationship between economic growth, income inequality, fiscal policy, and total trade of the 13 emerging market economies as a group for the period 1980–2010. After establishing the existence of simultaneity between the above relationships, a simultaneous panel model has been formulated and estimated incorporating the nonlinearity among the variables as suggested by the existing literature. An inverted U-shape relationship is evident between (1) economic growth, income inequality, and total trade in economic growth equation, (2) income inequality, economic growth, and per capita income in income inequality equation, and (3) total trade and economic growth in total trade equation. Thus, the existence of a two-way nonlinear relationship is highlighted between economic growth, income inequality, and total trade. Apart from these nonlinear relationships, positive and significant effect of (1) gross capital formation, inflation, population growth, human capital, fiscal policy, monetary policy, and domestic credit to private sector on economic growth; (2) civil liabilities on income inequality; (3) gross capital formation and inflation on total trade; (4) total trade, population growth of those aged 65 years and above, political system on fiscal policy is highlighted. Also, negative and significant effect of (1) fiscal policy on income inequality and (2) income inequality on fiscal policy is revealed.

Details

The Gains and Pains of Financial Integration and Trade Liberalization
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-999-220191014
ISBN: 978-1-83867-004-7

Keywords

  • Economic growth
  • fiscal policy
  • income inequality
  • simultaneous determination
  • total trade
  • emerging market economics
  • C51
  • O47
  • O57

To view the access options for this content please click here
Book part
Publication date: 24 October 2013

Recent cross-border banking within Europe: International balance sheet perspectives

Jonathan A. Batten, Igor Loncarski and Peter G. Szilagyi

We compare the aggregated international assets and liabilities of banks that report to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) to establish their gross and net…

HTML
PDF (552 KB)
EPUB (481 KB)

Abstract

We compare the aggregated international assets and liabilities of banks that report to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) to establish their gross and net international exposures during recent episodes of financial crisis. Initially we consider these positions worldwide and then focus on the cross-border flows within Europe, considered in terms of core and peripheral countries. These gross and net asset–liability positions are both time-varying and respond to crisis periods, through better matching of international assets and liabilities as well as the realignment of asset positions to reduce balance sheet risks. These conclusions are consistent with other studies that utilise international banking flow data, while the European experience highlights the diversity of international position taking. This is due to the complexity of managing risks within the eurozone (EZ) and peripheral countries, and those emerging European countries that retain legacy currencies.

Details

Global Banking, Financial Markets and Crises
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-3767(2013)0000014004
ISBN: 978-1-78350-170-0

Keywords

  • Cross-border banking
  • international banking
  • financial crisis
  • F34
  • G18
  • O57

To view the access options for this content please click here
Article
Publication date: 10 June 2019

Inflation shocks and income inequality: An analysis with genetic algorithms and Bayesian quantile regressions

Rolando Gonzales and Andrea Rojas-Hosse

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of inflationary shocks on inequality, using data of selected countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).

HTML
PDF (474 KB)

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of inflationary shocks on inequality, using data of selected countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).

Design/methodology/approach

Inflationary shocks were measured as deviations from core inflation, based on a genetic algorithm. Bayesian quantile regression was used to estimate the impact of inflationary shocks in different levels of inequality.

Findings

The results showed that inflationary shocks substantially affect countries with higher levels of inequality, thus suggesting that the detrimental impact of inflation is exacerbated by the high division of classes in a country.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature about the relationship between inflation and inequality by proposing that not only the sustained increase in prices but also the inflationary shocks – the deviations from core inflation – contribute to the generation of inequality. Also, to the best of the authors knowledge, the relationship between inflation shocks and inequality in the MENA region has never been analyzed before, thus creating a research gap to provide additional empirical evidence about the sources of inequality. Additionally, the authors contribute with a methodological approach to measure inflationary shocks, based on a semelparous genetic algorithm.

Details

African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-10-2018-0299
ISSN: 2040-0705

Keywords

  • Bayesian methods
  • MENA region
  • Inflation and inequality
  • C11
  • C21
  • E31
  • O57

To view the access options for this content please click here
Article
Publication date: 5 January 2015

Shadow economy and tax evasion in the EU

Friedrich Schneider, Konrad Raczkowski and Bogdan Mróz

The main purpose of this paper is to explore size of the shadow economy of 31 European Countries in 2014 and size of the shadow economy of 28 European Union countries over…

HTML
PDF (246 KB)

Abstract

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to explore size of the shadow economy of 31 European Countries in 2014 and size of the shadow economy of 28 European Union countries over 2003-2014 (in per cent of official GDP). An additional objective is to identify tax evasion, as the problem of all the EU countries, answering the questions how better combat the tax fraud.

Design/methodology/approach

Estimates of the shadow economy for all 28 European Union countries and other three countries from Europe, i.e. Norway, Switzerland and Turkey – MIMIC method was applied.

Findings

The average size of the shadow economy in 28 EU countries was 22.6 per cent in 2003 and decreased to 18.6 per cent (of official GDP) in 2014. We also consider the most important driving forces of the shadow economy. The biggest ones are with 14.6 per cent unemployment and self-employment, followed by tax morale with 14.5 per cent and GDP growth with 14.3 per cent. The proportion of tax evasion (accounting for indirect taxation and self-employment activities) was on average 4.2 per cent (of official GDP) in Poland, 1.9 per cent in Germany and 2.9 per cent in the Czech Republic.

Research limitations/implications

The MIMIC statistics do not address a large part of the wholly illegal economy (of typically criminal nature) and, accordingly, it is not an absolute magnitude of the whole unofficial economy. However, it does not seem that other, alternative, methods of measuring the unofficial economy are better in individual terms.

Practical implications

Current statistical research should lead to practical acceptance in the framework of need for developing better organizational & legal ways for multi-level governance within the European Union, leading to effective methods of counteracting – in particular intra-Union fraud. In addition, the presentation of a review of typology of the main theories and studies regarding the unofficial economy aspects relating to tax evasion constitutes a practical review of the pursued research areas.

Social implications

Safeguarding the national economy as a whole, by seeking ways of reducing the scope of shadow economy.

Originality/value

Both regarding presentation of the latest shadow economy estimates and typology of its main studies and theories.

Details

Journal of Money Laundering Control, vol. 18 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-09-2014-0027
ISSN: 1368-5201

Keywords

  • Tax evasion
  • Shadow economy
  • Economic growth
  • Reverse charge
  • Tax avoidance
  • D78, H11, H26, K42, O57, U17

To view the access options for this content please click here
Article
Publication date: 4 June 2018

Relationship between money lenders and farmers: Theoretical perspective and evidence from potato farmers of West Bengal, India

Rakhe P. Balachandran and Sarat Chandra Dhal

The dependence of farmers on money lenders for agricultural credit despite the penetration of the formal financial sector with subsidized interest rates remains an…

HTML
PDF (193 KB)

Abstract

Purpose

The dependence of farmers on money lenders for agricultural credit despite the penetration of the formal financial sector with subsidized interest rates remains an economic puzzle. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the relationship between money lenders and farmers in the presence of trade-loan nexus.

Design/methodology/approach

The study provides a theoretical framework supported by empirical evidence. It uses primary survey data of farmers in a major potato producing district of West Bengal, India. For the empirical analysis, apart from descriptive statistics, the authors use a logit regression model to derive insights from some testable hypotheses.

Findings

The study finds that trade-loan nexus increases defaults on agricultural loans through two channels: first, by increasing loan requirement and repayment obligations through high input prices and interest rates, respectively; and second, by reducing income of farmers by setting low prices for the output.

Research limitations/implications

The functioning of money lenders in rural areas, including their sources of finance and political control over local economy, and the existing social hierarchies in the rural context will have to be studied in detail to understand the complexities of the issue.

Practical implications

The findings of the study underline the need for policy initiatives to break the trade-loan nexus to reduce the dependence of farmers on money lenders.

Social implications

The higher defaults help the money lender to sustain in the rural agricultural loan market as the formal sector becomes reluctant to lend in the presence of pervasive defaults.

Originality/value

The study is entirely original based on primary survey data of seven blocks of a major potato producing district in West Bengal, India. It could be the first such study on the subject. The findings are fresh and expected to contribute to development economics and agriculture finance literature and policy making.

Details

Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 78 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-07-2016-0066
ISSN: 0002-1466

Keywords

  • Logit model
  • Agricultural finance
  • Informal finance
  • Institutional finance
  • Money lenders
  • Rural credit
  • O1
  • O17
  • O18
  • O57
  • Q1
  • Q14
  • C10
  • C21

To view the access options for this content please click here
Article
Publication date: 4 July 2016

Corruption and growth: a complex relationship

Girijasankar Mallik and Shrabani Saha

This paper investigates the corruption-growth relationship in a sample of 146 countries for the period – 1984-2009. While negative effects of corruption on growth have…

HTML
PDF (147 KB)

Abstract

Purpose

This paper investigates the corruption-growth relationship in a sample of 146 countries for the period – 1984-2009. While negative effects of corruption on growth have drawn economists’ interest in recent years, our main contribution is to examine the effects by employing the hierarchical polynomial regression to evaluate the relationship after controlling economic and institutional factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The results are estimated using panel generalized methods of moments.

Findings

The results challenge some of the findings that negative growth-corruption association in the literature but also provide some new inferences. The findings reflect that corruption is not always growth-inhibitory; for some countries it is growth-enhancing, which supports the “greasing-the-wheels” hypothesis.

Originality/value

The paper investigates the growth-corruption relationship using panel generalised methods of moments. Our results suggest that a cubic function best fitted the data. The finding suggests that in the medium corrupt countries corruption stimulates growth by reducing red-tape.

Details

International Journal of Development Issues, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-01-2016-0001
ISSN: 1446-8956

Keywords

  • Growth
  • Corruption
  • GMM
  • Country study
  • K42
  • O57
  • O50

To view the access options for this content please click here
Article
Publication date: 29 November 2018

Comparison of efficiency and technology across the banking systems of Vietnam, China and India: A stochastic cost and revenue meta-frontier approach

Thanh Pham Thien Nguyen

Given some similarities in the banking industry and economic condition across Vietnam, China and India, the purpose of this paper is to estimate and compare the cost and…

HTML
PDF (605 KB)

Abstract

Purpose

Given some similarities in the banking industry and economic condition across Vietnam, China and India, the purpose of this paper is to estimate and compare the cost and revenue efficiency of banks across these three countries over the period 1995–2011.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs the meta-frontier of Battese et al. (2004) and O’Donnell et al. (2008) which envelops the three country-frontiers to measure the cost and revenue efficiency of banks in these three countries.

Findings

This study finds that Chinese banks adopt the most advanced cost-reducing and revenue-increasing technology when providing banking products to their customers, followed by Indian banks. Indian banks are as cost-efficient as Chinese banks, but more cost-efficient than Vietnamese banks. Indian banks are as revenue-efficient as Vietnamese banks, but less revenue-efficient than Chinese banks. Over the analysis period, banks in the three countries have employed the more advanced technology in reducing costs, and they have become more cost-efficient. Nonetheless, for revenue side, the improvement in revenue efficiency and adopted technology are observed only in Chinese banks. The main source of meta-cost and meta-revenue inefficiency of these banking systems stems from undertaking inferior technology rather than managerial ability. Results from comparison across bank types show that state-owned banks (SOBs) are more cost and revenue-efficient than privately owned banks, with Indian and Chinese SOBs being the most cost- and revenue-efficient, respectively.

Practical implications

To improve meta-cost efficiency, Chinese and Indian banks would constitute a relevant benchmark for Vietnamese banks, while to improve meta-revenue efficiency, Chinese banks would be considered as a relevant benchmark for Vietnamese and Indian banks.

Originality/value

This is the first study which utilizes meta-frontier to compare cost and revenue efficiency and technology across banks in Vietnam, China and India.

Details

Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 25 no. 9
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-04-2017-0078
ISSN: 1463-5771

Keywords

  • Performance
  • Benchmarking
  • Banking
  • G21
  • O57
  • C33
  • C61

To view the access options for this content please click here
Article
Publication date: 14 March 2016

Section 5(4) of the Mental Health Act 1983: a review of local policy and guidance in England and Wales

Russell Ashmore and Neil Carver

– The purpose of this paper is to review policy or guidance on the implementation of Section 5(4) written by NHS mental health trusts in England and health boards in Wales.

HTML
PDF (138 KB)

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review policy or guidance on the implementation of Section 5(4) written by NHS mental health trusts in England and health boards in Wales.

Design/methodology/approach

A Freedom of Information request was submitted to all trusts in England (n=57) and health boards in Wales (n=7) asking them to provide a copy of any policy or guidance on the implementation of Section 5(4). Documents were analysed using content analysis. Specific attention was given to any deviations from the national Mental Health Act Codes of Practice.

Findings

In total, 41 (67.2 per cent) organisations had a policy on the implementation of Section 5(4). There was a high level of consistency between local guidance and the Mental Health Act Codes of Practice. There were however; different interpretations of the guidance and errors that could lead to misuse of the section. Some policies contained useful guidance that could be adopted by future versions of the national Codes of Practice.

Research limitations/implications

The research has demonstrated the value of examining the relationship between national and local guidance. Further research should be undertaken on the frequency and reasons for any reuse of the section.

Practical implications

Greater attention should be given to considering the necessity of local policy, given the existence of national Codes of Practice.

Originality/value

This is the only research examining the policy framework for the implementation of Section 5(4).

Details

Mental Health Review Journal, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MHRJ-05-2015-0017
ISSN: 1361-9322

Keywords

  • Best practice
  • Mental Health Act
  • Policy
  • In-patient
  • Nurses’ holding power
  • Section 5(4)

Access
Only content I have access to
Only Open Access
Year
  • Last 3 months (1)
  • Last 6 months (2)
  • Last 12 months (3)
  • All dates (24)
Content type
  • Article (15)
  • Book part (8)
  • Earlycite article (1)
1 – 10 of 24
Emerald Publishing
  • Opens in new window
  • Opens in new window
  • Opens in new window
  • Opens in new window
© 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited

Services

  • Authors Opens in new window
  • Editors Opens in new window
  • Librarians Opens in new window
  • Researchers Opens in new window
  • Reviewers Opens in new window

About

  • About Emerald Opens in new window
  • Working for Emerald Opens in new window
  • Contact us Opens in new window
  • Publication sitemap

Policies and information

  • Privacy notice
  • Site policies
  • Modern Slavery Act Opens in new window
  • Chair of Trustees governance statement Opens in new window
  • COVID-19 policy Opens in new window
Manage cookies

We’re listening — tell us what you think

  • Something didn’t work…

    Report bugs here

  • All feedback is valuable

    Please share your general feedback

  • Member of Emerald Engage?

    You can join in the discussion by joining the community or logging in here.
    You can also find out more about Emerald Engage.

Join us on our journey

  • Platform update page

    Visit emeraldpublishing.com/platformupdate to discover the latest news and updates

  • Questions & More Information

    Answers to the most commonly asked questions here