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The nuclear battery technology depends on the spontaneous decay of the atomic nuclei of radioactive isotopes to generate electricity. One of the merits of a nuclear battery is its high-energy density, which can be around ten times higher than that of hydrogen fuel cells and a thousand times more than that of an electrochemical battery. A nuclear battery has an extremely long life and low maintenance and running costs coupled with applications in remote and hostile environmental environments. The rise of silicon technology has intensified research activities in the area of nuclear batteries. The paper aims to present a general overview of a nuclear battery.

This paper presents a general overview of a nuclear battery and will significantly reduce reliance on non-renewable energy source. The requirement for long-lived power supplies have necessitated the pragmatic shift toward the realization of cleaner, safer and renewable energy sources.

Nuclear battery is a safe enabling technology for many applications including military and commercial applications. They have very long operating life under harsh environmental conditions. These cells demonstrate high potential for use in low power applications under a broad range of temperatures.

The nuclear battery technology has been receiving considerable in-depth research for applications that require long-life power sources.

This paper aims to provide a technical review of new and emerging power sources and their application to sensors.

This paper comprises two parts. Following an introduction, this first part considers research and recent developments in battery, betavoltaic and supercapacitor technologies.

It is shown that these technologies are the topic of a major research effort. This aims to improve many operational features, including faster recharge times, increased power and energy densities and enhanced cycling performance. Supercapacitors offer prospects to replace rechargeable batteries in certain applications.

This paper provides a technical insight into the latest power source developments with relevance to sensors.

Information Technology (IT) has ushered in not only large societal opportunities but also large uncertain ‐ ties and risks. Future developments, like ubiquitous networked embedded systems, are technologies society may face. Such technologies offer larger opportunities and uncertainties because of their ability to widely distribute power through their small, inexpensive, and ubiquitous characteristics. Many interpretations of how these technologies may develop have been postulated, ranging from the conservative Precautionary Principle, to uncontrolled development leading to “singularity.” With so much uncertainty and so many predictions about the benefits and consequences of these technologies, it is important to raise ethical questions, determine potential scenarios, and try to identify appropriate decision points and stakeholders. Rather than going along an unknown path, perhaps lessons could be learned from recently deployed technologies, such as nuclear technology, that were controversial but offered similarly large potential benefits and risks. The experience of nuclear technology development, with its various successes and failures, is recalled and compared with potential scenarios in the development of networked embedded systems

SINCE the early years of the last decade a great deal of research has been done on the properties of the new class of materials called semiconductors because their electrical properties lie between those of conductors and insulators. Some of the results of these researches are described in this article, in particular those which are of interest to aircraft engineers. A simple explanation of the mechanism of these devices is given and some emphasis is laid on work done by staff and students of the Department of Aircraft Electrical Engineering at The College of Aeronautics.

There is only one way of finding out who reads a particular periodical. The readership survey has become the means of sampling the readership of a journal and confirming or modifying editorial opinion regarding the level and status of its readers. With specialized technical periodicals, however, it can be safely assumed that the readership will consist of specialized technicians or technologists—for example, Nuclear Engineering is presumably read by nuclear engineers, and the Muck Shifter by public works contractors. The Times Review of Industry does not have a specialized readership and, without the benefit of a readership survey, it would be difficult to make a hard and fast definition of its readership. The editorial staff are fairly certain that the level of education of their readers is at least grammar school sixth form, possibly with a professional or technical qualification added and there are certainly many graduate readers. There will be among the readers managers of various grades and functions, engineers, research workers and, no doubt, even some company directors who, as we all know, have far too much to read anyway, and a further catagory of reader may well be found among technical journalistic colleagues, etc. We hope they read us because we read them enthusiastically.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how upstream social marketing can benefit from using social media commentary to identify cognitive biases. Using reactions to leading media/news publications/articles related to climate and energy policy in Australia, this paper aims to understand underlying community cognitive biases and their reasonings.

Social listening was used to gather community commentary about climate and energy policy in Australia. This allowed the coding of natural language data to determine underlying cognitive biases inherent in the community. In all, 2,700 Facebook comments were collected from 27 news articles dated between January 2018 and March 2020 using exportcomments.com. Team coding was used to ensure consistency in interpretation.

Nine key cognitive bias were noted, including, pessimism, just-world, confirmation, optimum, curse of knowledge, Dunning–Kruger, self-serving, concision and converge biases. Additionally, the authors report on the interactive nature of these biases. Right-leaning audiences are perceived to be willfully uninformed and motivated by self-interest; centric audiences want solutions based on common-sense for the common good; and left-leaning supporters of progressive climate change policy are typically pessimistic about the future of climate and energy policy in Australia. Impacts of powerful media organization shaping biases are also explored.

Through a greater understanding of the types of cognitive biases, policy-makers are able to better design and execute influential upstream social marketing campaigns.

The study demonstrates that observing cognitive biases through social listening can assist upstream social marketing understand community biases and underlying reasonings towards climate and energy policy.

This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

The fossil fuel industry could gain significant competitive advantage if it embraces green innovation as a strategy.

The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Specially designed robots are now being produced for exploration under the sea and for use in outer space. Some will become the forerunners of the “driverless vehicle” on earth.