Search results

Until recently the majority of catalysts used in through‐hole plating of printed circuits have been based on processes containing tin and palladium. These have been adequate although, with the ever increasing demands on quality of subsequently assembled printed circuits, they have shortcomings which are functions of the basic formulae and mechanisms of operation. The new non‐precious metal catalyst based on copper operates over a much wider range of conditions and, unlike palladium catalysts, promotes complete coverage of epoxy glass laminates. The operation of both catalyst systems is discussed in depth and compared, significant emphasis being placed on the mechanism of surface activation.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce bio-inspired FeN₄-S-C black nano-electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium. The FeN₄-S-C derived without pyrolysis of precursors in high temperature is recognized as a new electrocatalyst for the ORR in an alkaline electrolyte. For the proper design of bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR performance, chlorinated iron (II) phthalocyanine nanoparticles were used as templates for achieving the active sites in aqueous KOH by rotating disk electrode methods. The most active FeN₄-S-C catalyst exhibited a remarkable ORR activity in the alkaline medium. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the possibility of nanoscale particles size (Ëœ5nm) of electrocatalyst, to achieve four-electron transfer mechanism and to exhibit much superior catalytic stability in measurements. This paper will shed light on bio-inspired FeN₄-S-C materials for the ORR catalysis in alkaline fuel cells.

The paper presents a new bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR, which has activity nearby platinum/carbon electrocatalyst. Chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanoparticles have been used as FeN₄ template, which is the key point for the ORR. Bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst has been fabricated using chlorinated iron phthalocyanine, sodium sulphide and carbon black.

The particles’ size was 5 nm and electron transfer number was 4.

The catalyst that is used in this method should be weighed carefully. In addition, the solvent should be a saturated solution of NaCl in water.

The method provides a simple and practical solution to improving the synthesis of iron-based catalyst for ORR.

The method for the synthesis of bio-inspired electrocatalyst was novel and can find numerous applications in industries, especially as ORR non-precious metal catalyst.

The paper introduces a microwave and electrochemical-assisted method for synthesis of chlorine-derived iron phthalocyanine pigment and oxygen reduction reaction catalyst nanoparticles. The aims of this study are to investigate the possibility of nano-scale particle size (<35 nm), high-efficiency product reaction, remove acidic wastewater, time optimization and maximize number of chlorine on aromatic rings.

The paper presents a combined synthesis technique, which does not have the problems of the conventional methods. Chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanoparticles have been fabricated using phthalic anhydride, urea (high purity), electrochemical-generated iron (II) cations and microwave irradiation as promoter. The approach yields a product of high quality, uniform particle size distribution and high efficiency and that was environment-friendly.

The particle size and time needed for the production of chlorinated iron phthalocyanine were about 35 nm and 7 min, respectively.

The catalyst, that is used in this method, should be weighed carefully. In addition, the solvent should be a saturated solution of NaCl in water.

The method provides a simple and practical solution to improving the synthesis of an iron-based catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction.

The combined method for synthesis of chlorinated iron phthalocyanine was novel and can find numerous applications in the industry, especially as an oxygen reduction reaction non-precious metal catalyst.

The 7th Annual Symposium of the Institute was held this year on Wednesday and Thursday, the 6th and 7th of May to avoid clashing with the Second Printed Circuit World Convention scheduled to be held in Munich during June.

The following is a list of examination results obtained at the various courses run by the Institute during 1980. The grading are D = Distinction; C = Credit; P = Pass. The prize winner's name in each course is designated by an asterisk.

About half an hour's drive from Heathrow airport and a similar distance from central London, yet located in a quiet suburban area of Surrey between relatively unspoilt countryside and pleasant villages, is OMI's UK Research and Development Centre and manufacturing facility, visited by Circuit World early in December '84.

Multicore Solders Ltd are pleased to announce that Jack Saw, Paul Salmon, Gordon Clarke and Tom Perrett have joined their commercial division. The decision of Billiton Solders, UK, to sell the assets of their profitable solder division to the Cookson group released the aforementioned personnel who will be pleased to maintain their contacts in the industry and offer the same personal service as is the Multicore tradition.

ICI Mond Division has developed a new grade of “Arklone” for removing highly active flux residues remaining on printed circuit boards and electrical assemblies after soldering.

To improve the problems as the heavy burden of sewage treatment and environmental pollution caused by the traditional sodium hydrosulfite reduction dyeing of indigo, this study aims to carry out the direct electrochemical reduction dyeing for indigo with the eco-friendly Cu(II)/sodium borohydride reduction system under normal temperature and pressure conditions.

The electrochemical behavior of Cu(II)/sodium borohydride reduction system was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. And, the dyeing performance of the Cu(II)/sodium borohydride reduction system was developed by optimizing the concentration of copper sulfate in the anode electrolyte, applied voltage and reduction time via single-factor and orthogonal integrated analysis.

The dyeing performance of the Cu(II)/sodium borohydride reduction system is superior to that of the traditional reduction dyeing with sodium hydrosulfite. In the case of the optimized condition, the soaping fastness and dry/wet rubbing fastness of the dyed fabric in the two reduction dyeing processes were basically comparable, the K/S value of electrocatalytic reduction of indigo by Cu(II)/NaBH4 is 11.81, which is higher than that obtained by traditional sodium hydrosulfite reduction dyeing of indigo.

The innovative electrocatalytic reduction system applied herein uses sodium borohydride as the hydrogen source combined with Cu(II) complex as the catalyst, which can serve as a medium for electron transfer and active the dye molecule to make it easier to be reduced. The electrochemical dyeing strategy presented here provides a new idea to improve the reduction dyeing performance of indigo by sodium borohydride.