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The present research aims to understand how and why flexible work arrangement (FWA) policy use by co-workers affects policy non-users by investigating perceived changes to work, fairness and organizational identification as factors that shape policy non-users’ job satisfaction.

A survey was distributed to 300 Canadian respondents solicited from an online panel owned by Qualtrics Inc. Hypotheses were developed and tested using a moderating mediation model. SPSS Macro Process (Hayes) was used to test the hypotheses.

This survey found that perceiving negative changes to work stemming from co-worker FWA use corresponded to policy non-user job satisfaction, fairness dimensions mediated this effect and organizational identification moderated the relationship driven by interactional fairness. Policy non-users who care most about organizations seem to be most vulnerable to the negative consequences associated with co-worker FWA policy use.

FWA use has been linked to many positive outcomes for policy users. However, the workplace adjustments that occur to accommodate policy use by co-workers could also have implications for policy non-users. This study explores the effects of FWA policy use by co-workers on policy non-users job satisfaction.

The purpose of this paper is to understand the reasons that hinder the use of digital libraries.

This study analyzed data obtained through a web survey sent to 14,763 faculty members in Brazilian universities. Of the 6,689 respondents, 1,075 (16.1%) reported not using the Capes digital library and 1,017 answered the questionnaire for non-users.

Results showed that the main reasons for non-use are lack of knowledge of the existence of the Capes digital library, use of other resources, preference for printed journals and difficulty of access. Eight factors of non-use were elicited: insufficient dissemination, inadequacies in contents, in infrastructure, in access policy, in training and in the interface, personal constraints and personal attitude. The reasons and factors for non-use were categorized as intrinsic and extrinsic to the digital library. Intrinsic reasons relate to characteristics of the Capes digital library. Extrinsic factors are influenced by user characteristics. The chi-square test demonstrated that the variables: area of knowledge, age, hours dedicated to research and computer skills influence non-use.

This study has contributed to research about non-users of digital libraries, differing from previous research by surveying a large-scale population and by investigating in a single work the reasons for non-use, other electronic sources used by non-users, advantages of using the digital library and intention of non-users to become users if barriers were removed. Qualitative data complemented the quantitative data collected which allowed a more complete picture of the respondent’s positions.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the motivations, concerns, benefits and consequences associated with non-use of social media. In doing so, it extends Wyatt’s commonly used taxonomy of non-use by identifying new dimensions in which to understand non-use of social media. This framework encompasses a previously unidentified category of non-use that is critical to understand in today’s social media environment.

This is an exploratory interview study with 17 self-identified social media non-users distributed across age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. A thematic analysis is conducted based on a novel extension of Wyatt’s framework and the risk-benefits framework. This is supplemented by open coding to allow for emerging themes.

This paper provides empirical insights into a formerly uninvestigated population of non-users who are prevented from using social media because of social engagement (rather than functional) barriers. It identifies how these individuals face social consequences both on and off social media, resulting in social disenfranchisement.

This is an initial exploration of the phenomenon using an interview study. For generalizability, future research should investigate non-use with a broader and random sample.

This paper includes design recommendations and implications for social media platform designers to mitigate the consequences experienced by socially disenfranchised non-users.

Addressing concerns of this newly identified class of non-users is of utmost importance. As others are increasingly connected, these non-users are left behind and even ostracized – showing the dark sides of social media use and non-use.

This work identifies types of non-use of social media previously unrecognized in the literature.

Not since 1980 has research provided any insights into how information managers perceive and cope with non‐use. In an attempt to fill the vacuum information professionals in business companies were surveyed: 42 information managers were questioned and 12 interviewed. The study found that non‐use is widespread, and that the non‐use situation is a complicated mix of non‐use and unsatisfactory user behaviour. The most commonly perceived cause of non‐use was a lack of awareness of the services’ capabilities. There is no stereotypical non‐user. A significant majority of the managers had a positive attitude to non‐use and were worried about the extent of non‐users. Some tackled non‐use head‐on and implemented remedial treatment but less than a third could identify their non‐users. Recent advances in information system design do not seem to have improved the situation and there has been little change in the scale of non‐use, or reactions of information managers to it since 1980. The study concludes that the fruits of such an obviously positive attitude to tackling the non‐user will only be gathered if it is converted into a reality and becomes an integral part of the information managers’ marketing strategy.

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a pilot study conducted in Pakistan, about the barriers perceived by users and non‐users of Islamic banking when selecting Islamic banks.

This study was conducted to include two types of banking customers, users (customers of Islamic banks only and, Islamic and conventional banks both) and non‐users (customers of conventional banks only). The qualitative research included in‐depth interviews with managers of Islamic banks and two focus groups with users and non‐users, respectively. The survey questionnaire that was subsequently designed received 109 responses. The analysis includes hypothesis testing, factor analysis, and cluster analysis.

A narrow branch network, inconvenient branch locations and perception that “Islamic banks do not completely follow Islamic principles” acted as barriers for non‐users when selecting Islamic banks. Further, “a religious ruling against Islamic banks” was not considered an important barrier when selecting Islamic banks.

This research outlines an alternative methodology of looking at bank selection criteria, by measuring the other side of the coin, i.e. the barriers perceived by users and non‐users of Islamic banking when selecting Islamic banks. Compared to the prevailing literature on the subject, such an approach is enlightening and can have enormous potential as it directly measures the perceived barriers towards Islamic banking. Furthermore, this pilot study is also an important contribution to the limited literature on consumer attitudes towards Islamic banking in Pakistan, where the operations of Islamic banks are still in their formative stage.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the symbolic representations of non-users compared to the life experiences of users related to a luxury brand. In particular, the study examines whether product design mediates the relationship between antecedent factors of country-of-origin effect and product experience, and it also investigates the moderating effects of reference groups (non-users vs users) on the relationship between antecedent factors of country-of-origin effect and product design related to a luxury brand, namely, the Mercedes-Benz C-Class or E-Series.

A sample of convenience of 272 persons classified as non-users and users is investigated. An online questionnaire was used and 28 statements are included in the analysis based on a seven-point Likert scale.

The study reveals that the country-of-origin effect for the model of non-users and users has a very good fit with current data and is statistically significant. It also reveals that all relationships are significant except for price consciousness to product design and for brand familiarity to price consciousness. There is also partial mediation of product design between antecedent factors and product experience. Furthermore, the moderating effect of reference groups appears to play an important role, as it impacts the relationship between antecedent factors of the country-of-origin effect and product design/product experience.

This study indicates that the non-users’ group based on the hypothetical purchases of a luxury brand with a strong country image has a different country-of-origin effect to the users’ group of the same luxury brand. Moreover, the study concludes that there are statistically significant differences between the non-users’ group versus users’ group of a luxury brand (Mercedes-Benz), and these differences are concerned with the constructs of brand familiarity, brand commitment, product design and product experience. Finally, the study reveals that “price consciousness” is not relevant for luxury brands. Managerial implications, limitations of the study and future research directions are discussed.

Mobile payment (MP), near field communication-based particularly, has become one of the future payment tools. This study aims to indicate the difference between consumer users and non-users by examining the effect of MP users’ perceived value on their satisfaction and on MP non-users behavioural intention. Once those MP users’ have achieved satisfaction, the study then investig ates how consumers bring about the need recognition and are more desirable to buy more products.

This study develops a research model, which examines the effect of consumer perceived value, including utilitarian value, technicality and perceived risk, on MP users’ satisfaction and MP non-users behavioural intention. In methodology, it adopts structural equation modelling to verify the proposed research model for empirical studies. The data set consists of 161 MP users and 277 non-users of consumers.

The findings show that consumers, both MP users and non-users included, are encouraged to improve utilitarian value if they are favourable to adopt MP services. Relatively, female users emphasize more on perceived risk, whilst male users emphasize more on technicality. Moreover, MP non-users and female users still have much concern about perceived risk such that they are inclined to avoid adopting MP services.

Past research has examined the adoption of MP services from the perspective of consumers with a focus on the perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intention. However, only limited research examined the post-purchase evaluation of MP users. The study fills this gap by clarifying the difference between consumer users and non-users in the effect of MP users’ perceived value on their satisfaction and on their non-users behavioural intention.

To better understand what inhibits people from participating in collaborative consumption, this paper aims to develop research models of users and non-users to examine the relationship between perceived risks and intentions to use peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation. Moreover, differences of risk perceptions and behavioral intentions between P2P accommodation users and non-users were identified.

The method of convenience sampling was used to collect data. Excluding the invalid questionnaires, 520 were kept for further analysis. In this paper, SPSS and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data.

The findings highlighted the important role of perceived risks in determining tourists’ intentions to use P2P accommodation. The results showed that non-users have higher perceived risks in regards to all four risk dimensions (psychological risk, physical risk, performance risk and social risk), and they also have significantly lower behavioral intentions to use P2P accommodation than the users. For users, only the psychological risk has significant negative effects on behavioral intentions, while for non-users, both psychological and physical risks are important inhibitors.

This paper contributes to a better understanding of the antecedents that influence consumers’ participation in collaborative consumption in the P2P accommodation domain. Second, it extends the literature on perceived risk by discussing users and non-users in this market. Finally, this research provides insights into the P2P accommodation market in China, which enables online travel platforms to develop targeted marketing strategies.

为更好了解协同消费的顾客参与，本论文构建了使用者和非使用者模型来检验其感知风险和使用P2P住宿行为意向的关系。此外，本论文也试图探讨使用者和非使用者在感知风险和行为意向方面的差异。

研究样本采取方便抽样方式，共回收520份有效问卷。本论文采用SPSS和偏最小二乘法（PLS）分析数据。

研究结果凸显了感知风险对影响游客使用P2P住宿的重要作用。P2P 住宿非使用者不仅有更高的感知风险（表现在四个风险维度上：心理风险，身体风险，性能风险和社会风险），而且比使用者有更低的使用意向。对于使用者来说，只有心理风险对行为意向有显著地影响作用；对于非使用者，心理风险和身体风险都是影响行为意向的因素。

本论文对于阻碍P2P住宿的参与因素进行了深入探讨。其次，本论文通过讨论使用者和非使用者的差异拓展了感知风险相关研究。最后，本论文研究了P2P住宿业在中国的市场情况，为在线旅行平台开发目标市场策略提供了启示。

P2P 住宿，Airbnb, 感知风险，使用者和非使用者，行为意向

For an in‐house library, getting to know one′s non‐users can be as important as getting to know one′s user. Non‐users are not necessarily anti‐library. Non‐users may receive information from their immediate subordinates, rather than retrieve and evaluate it themselves. Factory workers may find little to help them in the academic literature. Some advanced researchers may keep up to date with developments in their field through conferences, committees and journals they take directly. There are non‐users who have their own access to databases either by direct subscription or through professional institutions or research associations. There are non‐users who might be able to use the librarian′s skills in non‐traditional library roles. By finding out why people are not using the library, we can find out if there are ways in which we can provide a service to them, and we may find ways of improving the service we offer to all our users.

Non‐use or under‐exploitation of any service provided by the employer at work as an aid to work represents a non‐productive investment. Non‐use of libraries may be voluntary (i.e. non‐use of an on‐site library) or involuntary (no access to such a facility). Non‐use is much larger than previously thought. Brief profiles of non‐users are presented. The types of service that might attract and satisfy non‐users are presented as well as those that would retain users, and the kind of promotional campaign required.