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Alkyds are the work horse of paint industry. In order to obtain desired film properties, alkyd resins are frequently modified by other resins and polymers either by physically blending them or chemically incorporating them. Some of the recent physical modifications of alkyds have been described in this first part of the article. The chemical modifications will be described in the second part.

Guanidine stearate will function as a lubricant for melamine/formaldehyde resins (and guanamine/formaldehyde resins), and glyceryl monostearate can improve the mechanical properties of the former. Laurie acid can be applied to the production of high grade baking enemel resins in combination with melamine. Stearic acid can be used in the manufacture of melamine resins, e.g. by reaction with formaldehyde and butanol, to give resins for lacquers, and to yield moulding resins. Sodium myristate is usable as a chain transfer agent in the emulsion polymerisation of methyl methacrylate. Copolymerisation of methacrolein dibutyrate and methyl methacrylate has given resins that can be moulded or used in varnishes, and reaction products of stearic acid with methacrylic acid and neodymium oxide has given transparent optical resins. Cellulose laurate can produce extensibilities of nitrocellulose of the order of 100%, and cetyl acetate can act similarly in film, having little tendency to yellowing, but it has also little stability to exterior exposure. When ethylene glycol monmethyl ether acetyl ricinoleate is incorporated into nitrocellulose as a plasticizer, it gives films that are clear, tough and flexible. Stearic acid can act as a stabilizer for nitrocellulose. Lauryl phosphate has been applied as a catalyst in the modification of olefinic petroleum results, by reaction with acrylic resins, and distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite can function as a heat stabilizer in petroleum resins.

Presents findings from a study of the effects of treating unbleached bagasse paper sheets with different resin solutions. Unbleached kraft bagasse paper sheets were treated with different resin solutions such as nitrocellulose, melamine formaldehyde, silicone, short and medium alkyd resin and the physico‐mechanical properties of the modified paper sheets were tested. The strength properties of treated paper sheets were highly improved especially in the case of treatment with melamine formaldehyde and silicone resin solutions. The effect of dipping time of paper sheets in different concentrations of resin solution on the strength properties was also investigated. Physico‐mechanical properties of thermally treated modified paper sheets with resins were also clarified. Concludes that promising results in the improvement of insulation of treated paper sheets with resin are obtained by studying the dielectric‐electric properties.

The formulation of industrial finishes to protect and improve the appearance of mass‐produced articles has become an increasingly complicated technique with the growing range of materials flow available. In this article Mr. Macrae, after discussing surface preparation and application methods, describes the formulation and performances of stoving enamels, cold‐curing finishes and air‐drying finishes. He concludes that even with the number of resins available today there is still much room for improvement.

The purpose of this paper is to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers polyethylene adipate-block-polyethylene glycol (PEA-b-PEG)s and study their performance as plasticizers in rotogravure ink formulations.

Series of amphiphilic block copolymers (PEA-b-PEG1), (PEA-b-PEG2), (PEA-b-PEG3), (PEA-b-PEG4) and (PEA-b-PEG5) were prepared by the reaction of adipic acid, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol of different molecular weights (300, 1,000, 2,000, 10,000 and 20,000 g/mol), respectively. Full characterization of the prepared copolymers was achieved using Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The performance of the prepared copolymers as plasticizers for neat nitrocellulose resin were studied in different formulations, namely, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 containing copolymers (PEA-b-PEG1), (PEA-b-PEG2), (PEA-b-PEG3), (PEA-b-PEG4) and (PEA-b-PEG5), respectively. In addition to formula R0 that contains acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as a commercial plasticizer. The mechanical properties, thermal analysis (DSC, TGA) and optical properties of the prepared formulations films were investigated. Theses amphiphilic block copolymers were then applied as plasticizers in different rotogravure ink formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) and compared with commercial rotogravure ink formula (F0). The color measurements and optical properties of all formulations were achieved.

It was found that the performance of the prepared copolymers as plasticizers in different formulations based on nitro cellulose resin gives better gloss, adhesion for R1 compared with the other samples and color strength for F1 compared with F0. Finally, all the samples gave excellent plasticizing effect.

The authors believe that type of these materials open the way for a new class of plasticizers that upon application or even degradation gives small ecofriendly molecules (adipic acid and or ethylene glycol moieties) taking into consideration the simplicity of the rout of the synthesis process.

The prepared ecofriendly (PEA-b-PEG)s could be successfully used as plasticizers instead of commercial plasticizer ATBC.

The research provides that the prepared (PEA-b-PEG)s with different molecular weights can act as plasticizers in rotogravure ink formulations, and their performance was acceptable and available.

The purpose of this study is to develop a multifunctional coating layer based on nitrocellulose (NC)/acrylic resins containing precipitated silica and kaolin and investigate its suitability for use in packaging applications.

Different loading levels (1 and 5 Wt.%) of precipitated silica or kaolin particles were incorporated into NC/acrylic-based coating formulations and applied on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films. The coatings and coated LDPE films were characterized in terms of structural, physical, mechanical, thermal, optical, surface, morphological and water vapor barrier properties.

The glossiness of the coating formulations decreased by increasing the precipitated silica and kaolin content. The incorporation of kaolin (1 and 5 Wt.%) and precipitated silica (1 Wt.%) had no significant effect on the melting temperature of LDPE film; however, with the addition of 5 Wt.% precipitated silica, the melting and crystallization temperatures were significantly changed. The incorporation of 5 Wt.% precipitated silica and kaolin also enhanced the water vapor barrier properties of LDPE films. The light transmittance declined with the precipitated silica and kaolin addition, especially in the ultraviolet (UV)-A/UV-B spectrum regions indicating an excellent UV light protection.

It was concluded that NC/acrylic resins coatings containing precipitated silica and kaolin exhibit improved thermal stability, UV and water vapor barrier properties and have the potential for use in packaging applications.

Because of the continuing usage of nitrocellulose lacquers, a study of the thinners to determine the percentages of the components is very important. Usually these thinners consist of a mixture aromatic and alphatic hydrocarbons (as diluents or non solvents) and ketones, esters and ethers (as solvents).

Producers of printing inks are undoubtedly more experienced in the formulation of packaging and speciality printing inks than we are. Nevertheless we have chosen the topic of “Pigments for packaging and speciality printing” because we believe that only through close co‐operation with the printing ink manufacturer can we, the pigment producer, continue to supply product advancements that will meet present and future pigment needs.

Four Bayer plc business groups joined forces to make an environmentally friendly offer to paint manufacturers at this year's Surfex '94 Exhibition in Harrogate.

Cray Valley Products Ltd., St. Mary Cray, Orpington, Kent, BR5 3PP, have recently introduced a range of resins for use in liquid inks. This range consists of Unithane 672S, Synaqua 845S, Synaqua 846S and Versamid 790.