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Article
Publication date: 2 September 2019

Application of principles of supply chain management to the pharmaceutical good transportation practices

Nirmal Kumar and Ajeya Jha

Pharmaceuticals supply chain management (SCM) requires special expertise to transport the medicinal products because of weird features of their demand, supply and…

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Abstract

Purpose

Pharmaceuticals supply chain management (SCM) requires special expertise to transport the medicinal products because of weird features of their demand, supply and sensitivity towards quality. The purpose of this study is to establish the linkage of pharmaceutical quality system requirements with the SCM principles. The study enables the collaborative approach of technical, transport, logistics and supply chain teams within the pharmaceutical industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology followed for this study is literature review and survey. The study is supplemented with data obtained through the structured questionnaire.

Findings

Through this study, an exclusive perspective for pharmaceutical good transportation practice (GTP) has been propagated in alignment with seven principles of SCM by Anderson. This study offers guidance to pharmaceutical industry for transportation of products by conceptualizing basic supply chain features such as segmentation, customization of requirement, market signals, differentiation, technology orientation and channel spanning performance.

Research limitations/implications

Here is limited information available about the transportation failures in the pharmaceutical industry. Application of supply chain principles to pharmaceutical transportation is sometimes affected by technical knowledge bias of the researcher.

Practical implications

The study has successfully expounded the practical aspects of pharmaceutical GTP for supply chain professionals.

Social implications

The study facilitates the patients and pharmaceutical consumers to get quality products in a timely manner across the globe.

Originality/value

The application of SCM principles to the pharmaceutical GTP is the result of novel research and has not been studied earlier.

Details

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, vol. 13 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-09-2017-0048
ISSN: 1750-6123

Keywords

  • Good distribution practices
  • Good transportation practices
  • Pharmaceutical complaint
  • Pharmaceutical quality
  • Pharmaceutical supply chain quality

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Article
Publication date: 7 October 2019

Convective heat transfer enhancement: effect of multi-frequency heating

Nirmal Kumar Manna, Nirmalendu Biswas and Pallab Sinha Mahapatra

This study aims to enhance natural convection heat transfer for a porous thermal cavity. Multi-frequency sinusoidal heating is applied at the bottom of a porous square…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to enhance natural convection heat transfer for a porous thermal cavity. Multi-frequency sinusoidal heating is applied at the bottom of a porous square cavity, considering top wall adiabatic and cooling through the sidewalls. The different frequencies, amplitudes and phase angles of sinusoidal heating are investigated to understand their major impacts on the heat transfer characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations in a two-dimensional cavity, considering incompressible laminar flow, Boussinesq approximation and Brinkman–Forchheimer–Darcy model. The mean-temperature constraint is applied for enhancement analysis.

Findings

The multi-frequency heating can markedly enhance natural convection heat transfer even in the presence of porous medium (enhancement up to ∼74 per cent). Only the positive phase angle offers heat transfer enhancement consistently in all frequencies (studied).

Research limitations/implications

The present research idea can usefully be extended to other multi-physical areas (nanofluids, magneto-hydrodynamics, etc.).

Practical implications

The findings are useful for devices working on natural convection.

Originality/value

The enhancement using multi-frequency heating is estimated under different parametric conditions. The effect of different frequencies of sinusoidal heating, along with the uniform heating, is collectively discussed from the fundamental point of view using the average and local Nusselt number, thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layers and heatlines.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 29 no. 10
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-07-2018-0414
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

  • Natural convection
  • Heat transfer enhancement
  • Sinusoidal heating
  • Heatlines
  • Porous cavity
  • Thermal boundary layer
  • Velocity boundary layer

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Article
Publication date: 28 August 2009

Technology transfer for rural housing: An interpretive structural modeling approach

Nirmal Kumar, Rajendra Prasad, Ravi Shankar and K.C. Iyer

Technological intervention for housing construction in rural areas in India is very low. The purpose of this paper is to understand the mutual influences of the variables…

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Abstract

Purpose

Technological intervention for housing construction in rural areas in India is very low. The purpose of this paper is to understand the mutual influences of the variables influencing technology transfer in the rural housing sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Using interpretive structural modeling, the research presents a hierarchy‐based model and the mutual relationships among the variables of innovative and cost‐effective technology transfer.

Findings

The outcome of the research is a framework for technology transfer in rural India. The research shows that there exists a group of variables having a high driving power and low dependence requiring maximum attention. Another group consists of those variables which have high dependence and are the resultant actions.

Practical implications

This framework provides a useful tool to understand the mutual relationships among different variables in effective technology transfer.

Originality/value

Presentation of variables in a hierarchy and the classification into driver and dependent categories is unique in the area of technology transfer in the rural housing sector.

Details

Journal of Advances in Management Research, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09727980911007208
ISSN: 0972-7981

Keywords

  • India
  • Rural areas
  • Housing
  • Construction systems
  • Technology led strategy

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Article
Publication date: 19 April 2013

Paediatric tonsillectomy: Impact assessment using a validated patient reported outcome measure (PROM)

Archana Soni‐Jaiswal, Nadiah Parry and Nirmal Kumar

The published evidence in support of a tonsillectomy is equivocal relying on historical studies using objective outcome measures. Based on this, NICE have suggested that…

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Abstract

Purpose

The published evidence in support of a tonsillectomy is equivocal relying on historical studies using objective outcome measures. Based on this, NICE have suggested that tonsillectomy is a “low clinical value treatment” and its funding curtailed by PCTs. This paper aims to prospectively evaluate the effect of a tonsillectomy on quality of life (QOL) of children affected by recurrent infective tonsillitis using a qualitative patient reported outcome measure (PROM).

Design/methodology/approach

Parents of children under the age of 16, undergoing a tonsillectomy, were enrolled. Parents completed a paediatric throat disorders outcome (PTDO) test prior to their child's surgery and then six months post‐operatively. Results were analysed using the Mann‐Whitney U test. The power of the study was 0.8 to detect a difference of 10 in a total score of 70.

Findings

A total of 63 children participated and an 86 per cent response rate was received at six months. The mean total score improved from 31.29 pre‐op to 7.41 post‐op (p<0.001). The mean score for the first two subgroups remained static but for the remaining 12 sub‐groups significantly improved post‐op.

Originality/value

The study demonstrates that performing tonsillectomies in a carefully selected cohort of children, significantly improves their QOL. It adds to a growing body of evidence that tonsillectomy is not a “low clinical value procedure” and has a substantial impact on the patients' symptoms.

Details

Clinical Governance: An International Journal, vol. 18 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14777271311317918
ISSN: 1477-7274

Keywords

  • Tonsillectomy
  • Patient reported outcome measures
  • Tonsillitis
  • Quality of life
  • Children (age groups)
  • Surgery

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Article
Publication date: 5 January 2015

“Safe handover saves lives”: results from clinical audit

Rajeev Advani, Nicola Marie Stobbs, Neil Killick and B Nirmal Kumar

The implementation of the European Working Time Directive and its subsequent impact on the hours worked by doctors in training has resulted in shift-working rotas being…

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Abstract

Purpose

The implementation of the European Working Time Directive and its subsequent impact on the hours worked by doctors in training has resulted in shift-working rotas being the norm and greater cross-cover between specialties. As such, the need for continuity of information and comprehensiveness of handover between shifts has become more important than ever. The purpose of this paper is to show how handover can be improved by the implementation of an electronic handover system and subsequent Quality Improvement Rapid Cycle Change Model of clinical audit.

Design/methodology/approach

Initial data were collected using a standardised questionnaire collected prospectively from all junior doctors within the surgical division. Following the first audit cycle, changes were implemented in a Quality Improvement Rapid Cycle Change Model of clinical audit and a Surgical Division Electronic Handover Shared Drive was developed. Three further prospective cycles of clinical audit were carried out over a period of 12 months.

Findings

The results show a more effective handover system to be in place. Effects of change measured as an 80 per cent standard was achieved in all categories and maintained throughout all cycles of re-audit.

Practical implications

A surgical division shared electronic handover drive was developed and subsequent audits have shown improved handover practice in a foundation trust. This has positive benefits on patient safety and quality of care.

Originality/value

This work is of interest to those looking to set up an electronic handover system and additionally to all those working in specialities where cross-cover is required.

Details

Clinical Governance: An International Journal, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CGIJ-12-2014-0037
ISSN: 1477-7274

Keywords

  • Clinical governance
  • Patient safety
  • Surgery
  • Handover
  • Clincal audit

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2006

Conflicting factors in construction projects: Korean perspective

Nirmal Kumar Acharya, Young Dai Lee and Hae Man Im

The purpose of this article is to identify and explore pertinent conflicting factors in construction projects; which would be helpful for project planners and implementers…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to identify and explore pertinent conflicting factors in construction projects; which would be helpful for project planners and implementers in assessing and taking proactive measures for reducing the adverse effect of conflict.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the study objectives, a 43‐item questionnaire survey in a five‐point Likert scale was carried out to collect professionals' experience on conflicting activities in Korean construction projects. Responses from 124 professionals working for owners, consultants and contractors were analyzed. Furthermore, ten face‐to face interviews were also carried out to ratify the findings from the field survey. Later, analytical hierarchical process method was employed to find out the importance weighting as well as responsible party for the perceived conflicts.

Findings

This study has found out six critical construction conflicting factors pertinent in Korean context. These factors with importance weighting are: differing site condition (24.1 percent), public interruption (22.5 percent), differences in change order evaluation (21 percent), design errors (17.1 percent), excessive contract quantities variation (8.2) and double meaning of specifications (7.1 percent). The study has revealed that owner (35.6 percent) and consultant (34.18 percent) are mostly responsible parties for conflicts in construction projects.

Originality/value

As the previous researches have been indicating increase in conflicts in construction field, this paper is very topical at the moment. This work has tried to explore the underlying problems of the construction field. The study provides field level experiences from which the inexperience construction site professionals could learn the instances of conflicts and not repeat the mistakes in their projects.

Details

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 13 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09699980610712364
ISSN: 0969-9988

Keywords

  • Construction operations
  • Conflict
  • Conflict management
  • South Korea

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Article
Publication date: 20 January 2012

2011 reviewers

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Abstract

Details

Clinical Governance: An International Journal, vol. 17 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/cgij.2012.24817aaa.006
ISSN: 1477-7274

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Article
Publication date: 17 April 2008

A Study of the Ergonomics Evaluation of a Water Heater’s Case Manufacturing Factory

Yao‐Wen Hsu, Yi‐Chan Chung, Chung‐Ching Chiu, Ching‐Piao Chen and Chih‐Hung Tsai

Unnatural working postures usually cause musculoskeletal problems for workers in work field, especially in traditional industry. Many analysis and survey methodologies…

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Abstract

Unnatural working postures usually cause musculoskeletal problems for workers in work field, especially in traditional industry. Many analysis and survey methodologies have been developed to identify unnatural postures and disorder risks in workplaces. The Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System (OWAS) and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) are the representative methods and applied widely. This study applied the both tools to investigate the work field of a manufacturing factory of the water heater’s case. We divided the manufacturing process into nine workshops, took the pictures of working motions by DV camera and analyzed the postures on OWAS. From the OWAS results, we could identify the risks level of musculoskeletal symptoms as four Action Categories (AC). And from the comparison of OWAS and NMQ results, we could provide the suggestions to improve the working methods and environment. From the results of OWAS, we found that the operators) head/neck and back were above AC3 in some workshops. If the situation continued in long period, the operators might have the risk to get musculoskeletal symptoms. From the investigation of NMQ, we also found that the percentage of aches on neck, shoulders and lower back were higher than other parts of body. The correlation between aches and jobs was more than 75 per cent. So we provided some suggestions to improve: work rotation and adjustment of work surface/height to fit in with Ergonomics. Then the risks of musculoskeletal symptoms would be reduced.

Details

Asian Journal on Quality, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/15982688200800002
ISSN: 1598-2688

Keywords

  • Musculoskeletal symptoms
  • Job analysis
  • Risk evaluation
  • OWAS
  • NMQ

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Article
Publication date: 28 August 2009

Management research: a few challenges

Surendra S. Yadav and Ravi Shankar

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Details

Journal of Advances in Management Research, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/jamr.2009.42606baa.001
ISSN: 0972-7981

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Article
Publication date: 23 November 2020

Thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms in porous media in the presence of magnetic field

Nirmalendu Biswas, Aparesh Datta, Nirmal K. Manna, Dipak Kumar Mandal and Rama Subba Reddy Gorla

This study aims to explore magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms in multi-physical directions addressing thermal gradient, lid motion…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to explore magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms in multi-physical directions addressing thermal gradient, lid motion, porous substance and magnetic field collectively using a typical differentially heated two-sided lid-driven cavity. The consequences of a range of pertinent parameters on the flow structure, temperature, oxygen isoconcentration and microorganisms’ isoconcentration are examined and explained in great detail.

Design/methodology/approach

Two-dimensional governing equations in a two-sided lid-driven porous cavity heated differentially and packed with oxytactic microorganisms under the influence of the magnetic field are solved numerically using the finite volume method-based computational fluid dynamics code. The evolved flow physics is analyzed assuming a steady laminar incompressible Newtonian flow within the validity of the Boussinesq approximation. The transport of oxytactic microorganisms is formulated by augmenting the continuum model.

Findings

The mechanisms involved with MHD-mixed thermo-bioconvection could have potential benefits for industrial exploitation. The distributions of fluid flow, temperature, oxygen and motile microorganisms are markedly modified with the change of convection regime. Both speed and direction of the translating walls significantly influence the concentration of the motile microorganisms. The concentration of oxygen and motile microorganisms is found to be higher at the upper portion of the cavity. The overall patterns of the fluid flow, temperature and the oxygen and microorganism distributions are markedly affected by the increase of magnetic field strength.

Research limitations/implications

The concept of the present study could be extended to other areas of bioconvection in the presence of gravity, light or chemical attraction.

Practical implications

The findings of the present study could be used to multi-physical applications like biomicrosystems, pollutant dispersion in aquifers, chemical catalytic converters, geothermal energy usage, petroleum oil reservoirs, enhanced oil recovery, fuel cells, thermal energy storage and others.

Originality/value

The MHD-mixed thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms is investigated under different parametric conditions. The effect of pertinent parameters on the heat and mass transfers are examined using the Nusselt number and Sherwood number.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-07-2020-0410
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

  • Porous media
  • Magnetohydrodynamics
  • Bioconvection
  • Convection
  • Lid-driven cavity
  • Thermo-bioconvection

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