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The purpose of this study is to promote laminar heat transfer from the channel heated through a slab with slits and inclined ribs protruding across.

The novel design of this study is performed through making the slits in the slab (C1–C3: with slits; C4–C6: without slits) and changing the vertical location of this slab (1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 channel height). The thermal fluid characteristics of all cases are analyzed for various Reynolds numbers (500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000) by the SIMPLE-C algorithm.

The results display that the ribbed slab effectively improves the heat transfer. The slits can modify the flow field in the vortexes around the inclined ribs and remove more heat from this zone to promote the heat transfer. As compared with C0 (without a slab), C2 (the slab with slits and inclined ribs protruding across located vertically on the 3/4 channel height) raises the averaged Nusselt number up to 27.7% at Re = 2,000. As compared with C4 (without slits), C1 (with slits) gains the maximum increase in the averaged Nusselt number by 5.07% at Re = 1,000.

The constant thermo-physical properties of incompressible fluid and the steady flow are considered in this study.

The numerical results will profit the design of heated passageway using a slab with slits and inclined ribs protruding across to acquire better heat transfer promotion.

This slab with slits and inclined ribs protruding across can be applied to the heat transfer promotion and thus be viewed as a useful cooling mechanism in the thermal engineering.

This paper aims to argue that procurement practices in the construction industry, and building‐services in particular, have lagged behind other industries. It also aims to highlight the efforts of two UK construction companies, Rok and NG Bailey, to make procurement more unified and professional in their businesses.

The paper outlines how the programs were designed and delivered and the improvements they have brought.

The paper shows that training for supply‐chain employees is saving Rok, one of the UK's 20 largest building companies, more than £1.5 million a year, while training at national building‐services company NG Bailey has created a professional procurement function delivering real results, with consistently high levels of credibility across the business.

The paper reveals how training helped both firms to overcome problems of managing projects in isolation, and failing to realize economies of scale.

The paper describes two award‐winning training initiatives that appear to have resulted in real commercial benefits.

This paper aims to determine the optimum set of temperatures through correlation study to attain the most effective capillary flow of underfill in a multi-stack ball grid array (BGA) chip device.

Finite volume method is implemented in the simulation. A three-layer multi-stack BGA is modeled to simulate the underfill flow. The simulated models were well validated with the previous experimental work on underfill process.

The completion filling time shows high regression R-squared value of up to 0.9918, which indicates a substantial acceleration on the underfill process because of incorporation of thermal delta. An introduction of 11 °C thermal delta to the multi-stacks BGA managed to reduce the filling time by up to 16.4%.

Temperature-induced capillary flow is a relatively new type of driven underfill designed specifically for package on package BGA components. Its simple implementation can further improve the productivity of existing underfill process in the industry that is desirable in reducing the process lead time.

The effect of temperature-induced capillary flow in underfill encapsulation on multi-stacks BGA by means of statistical correlation study is a relatively new topic, which has never been reported in any other research according to the authors’ knowledge.

Building on the notion of “White fragility,” this study aims to explore how Whites react and cope with perceived discrimination at work. Specifically, the authors explore whether: (1) Whites react more negatively than minorities when they perceive discrimination at work and (2) Whites are more likely than minorities to restore the status quo by leaving the situation when they perceive discrimination at work.

Data for this study were obtained from the Professional Worker Career Experience Survey. In total, 527 working professionals from multiple organizations across the central USA participated in the survey.

The authors find evidence that Whites experience more negative psychological effects (i.e. lower job satisfaction and higher work stress) from perceived discrimination than minority employees and are more likely to act to restore conditions of privilege by leaving their current job and employer. The stronger negative effects of perceived discrimination for Whites (vs minorities) were restricted to work outcomes (job satisfaction, work stress, turnover intentions from one's employer) and were not evident with respect to perceptions of overall well-being (i.e. life satisfaction), suggesting that White fragility may play a particularly influential role in work settings, wherein racial stress may be more readily activated.

Consistent with the notion of White fragility, the study’s results demonstrate that the deleterious impact of perceived discrimination on employee work outcomes may, in some cases, be stronger for White than minority employees.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of “multiplex” (multiple overlapping) networks and leadership on group performance in a higher education setting.

Using a combination of social network analysis and interviews, the authors employ a case study approach to map the connections between academic group members. This paper analyses the relationship between this mapping and academic performance.

The authors identified two dimensions which influence group effectiveness: multiplex networks and distributed–coordinated leadership. Where networks are built across tasks, inter-relationships develop that lead to greater group performance.

Where group members create a dense hive of interconnectivity and are active across all group tasks, and also informally, this increases the opportunity for knowledge sharing. When this is similarly experienced by a majority of group members, there is positive reinforcement, resulting in greater group effectiveness.

This paper highlights the importance of the richness of formal ties in knowledge-intensive settings. This paper is the first to differentiate between formal connections between colleagues related to different tasks within their role. This suggests that dense configurations of informal ties are insufficient; they must be coupled with strong ties around formal activity and demonstrative leadership.

This paper introduces a reference model for the life cycle of a logical business unit (LBU). It goes on to explain how the model was deduced from empirical data generated during participation by the authors in a series of change management interventions in various organisations situated in the West of Scotland. Case studies are used from these interventions to illustrate how the application of reliability‐engineering concepts was used to explore the performance of business processes in delivering stakeholder value. It is recommended that “generate” “decommission” and “remedial” business processes are added to a widely used business process framework. This new framework when used for lifecycle planning of LBUs in conjunction with the LBU life cycle model can assist businesses in reliable delivery of stakeholder value.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance in the media industry as well as the role of demographic variables, namely, age, gender, income, marital status, and the level of education as categorical moderators on this relationship.

A total of 220 valid questionnaires were collected from employees in the Malaysian media industry to examine the goodness of model fit, sign indeterminacy, measurement model, and structural relationships between constructs. Using partial least squares (PLS) path modelling, this study introduces a full-fledged structural equation modelling approach by applying ADANCO 1.1 advanced composite modelling and SmartPLS 3.2.3. PLS-multi-group analysis is applied to examine the heterogeneity of data and test the hypotheses on moderating variables.

Payment, promotion, supervision, operating conditions, co-workers, and nature of the work were found to be conducive to employees’ job performance, among which co-workers generated the highest path coefficient followed by operating conditions, payment, and promotion. Hypotheses on the relationships between fringe benefits, contingent rewards, communication, and job performance were rejected. Age, gender, and level of education were found as moderators to the relationship between facets of job satisfaction and employees’ job performance.

The results of importance-performance map analysis can help managers and decision makers to prioritize their actions. The findings show that co-workers and operating conditions have the highest importance and payment and contingent rewards have the highest performance on job performance in the media industry.

This study is among the few that investigates the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance in the media industry by considering demographic factors as the moderating variables. This study also contributes methodologically through the introduction of a synergistic PLS approach.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of principal preparation and training in China by providing a background discussion of principal preparation in a number of countries. As an illustration, it provides an overview of the curriculum used in the initial preparation of school principals at Beijing Normal University.

The paper draws mainly on writing and research from China, Australia and the USA to explore principal preparation and training in China.

In addition to providing a rich description of principal preparation in China, the paper's main findings comprise seven key challenges that confront China as it endeavours to provide quality principal preparation. These challenges include China's diversity and uneven social, cultural and educational development; limited resources in some regions throughout China; the place and importance of study tours for principal preparation; the teaching approach used to train principals; the process used for assessing principal learning during their training programs; the limited transfer of learning from the classroom to the school environment; and the timing of training for principals.

Each of the challenges arising here raises important practical implications for developers of principal training programs.

The paper paints a picture of principal preparation in China and raises a number of issues and challenges with which it continues to grapple. Of note is that China is not alone in facing some of these ongoing concerns.

This paper aims to examine female entrepreneurship perceptions at the nexus of understandings of Muslim behaviour in Pakistan, the “formula” of Shapero for considering entrepreneurial intentions and the viewpoints of young Pakistani women.

Data collected from 555 women between 18 and 30 years of age, undertaking tertiary-level business studies in Pakistan constitute the sample of the study, and structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses.

This study finds that the respondents’ perceptions of Islam positively impact the formula at the feasibility component, whilst also inverting the desirability component, therefore, resulting in a “does not equal” outcome for intentions.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is one of the first to empirically examine the role of Islamic perception in shaping entrepreneurial intentions through the individual components of desirability, feasibility and propensity to act. It puts forth contextual deliberations for a meaningful heterodoxy in light of female entrepreneurship in an Islamic country.