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Exchanges are designed to be default tolerant. The exchange functions as a counter-party in all transactions. A system of margining ensures that a transaction is always consummated even if either the buyer or the seller fails to honour his/her commitment. Investigations on the payment crisis at the National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL) in 2013 involving Rs. 5,600 crore revealed that the reasons for the crisis lay in the hubris of the promoters, connivance and collusion of the independent and institutional directors on the board of NSEL, benevolence of the government and ambivalence of the regulator. The failure raises serious concerns about governance at all levels in the country. Fundamental principles of governance were given a short shrift.