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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2012

Amir H. Meghdadi and James F. Peters

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of using perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods in tolerance space‐based image similarity measures and…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of using perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods in tolerance space‐based image similarity measures and its application in content‐based image classification and retrieval.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed method in this paper is based on a set‐theoretic approach, where an image is viewed as a set of local visual elements. The method also includes a tolerance relation that detects the similarity between pairs of elements, if the difference between corresponding feature vectors is less than a threshold 2 (0,1).

Findings

It is shown that tolerance space‐based methods can be successfully used in a complete content‐based image retrieval (CBIR) system. Also, it is shown that perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods can replace tolerance classes in CBIR, resulting in more accuracy and less computations.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods instead of tolerance classes in a new form of the Henry‐Peters tolerance‐based nearness measure (tNM) and a new neighbourhood‐based tolerance‐covering nearness measure (tcNM). Moreover, this paper presents a side – by – side comparison of the tolerance space based methods with other published methods on a test dataset of images.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-378X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 January 2013

Sifeng Liu, Yingjie Yang, Ying Cao and Naiming Xie

The purpose of this paper is to review systematically the research of grey relation analysis (GRA) models.

488

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review systematically the research of grey relation analysis (GRA) models.

Design/methodology/approach

Three different approaches, the springboard to build a GRA model, the angle of view in modelling, and the dimension of objects, are analysed, respectively.

Findings

The GRA models developed from the models based on relation coefficients of each point in the sequences in early days to the generalized GRA models based on integral or overall perspective. It evolved from the GRA models which measure similarity based on nearness, into the models which consider similarity and nearness, respectively. The objects of the research advanced from the analysis of relationship among curves to that among curved surfaces, and further to the analysis of relationship in three‐dimensional space and even the relationship among super surfaces in n‐dimensional space.

Originality/value

The further research on GRA models is proposed. One is about the property of GRA model. An in‐depth knowledge about the properties of GRA model will help people to understand its function, applicable area and requirements for modelling. The other one is about the extension of research object system. The object to be analysed should be extended from the common sequence of real numbers to grey numbers, vectors, matrices, and even multi‐dimensional matrices, etc.

Article
Publication date: 28 January 2011

Si‐feng Liu, Nai‐ming Xie and Jeffrey Forrest

The purpose of this paper is to solve the problems existing in traditional grey incidence models and advance several new grey incidence models based on visual angle of similarity…

2570

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to solve the problems existing in traditional grey incidence models and advance several new grey incidence models based on visual angle of similarity and nearness.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the definition of traditional grey incidence models, two novel grey incidence models, grey similar incidence model and grey close incidence model, are studied in this paper. The interrelations and influence can be measured by the new models with different visual angle of similarity and/or nearness, respectively. The grey similar incidence model is used mainly to measure the similitude degree of the geometric patterns of sequence curves. The grey close incidence model is used mainly to measure the nearness of the sequence curves in space. The properties of the new models are discussed. It is proved that the proposed models are simplified methods to calculate the similitude degree and the close degree of grey incidence models.

Findings

The results show that the two novel grey incidence models satisfy the grey incidence axiom properly. It is useful to calculate the similitude degree and the close degree of two different sequences, and the process of calculating is easier than with traditional grey incidence models.

Practical implications

The method exposed in the paper can be used to calculate every two sequences. The similitude degree and the close degree of two different sequences can be given out. The method can also be used to rank sequences of more than two.

Originality/value

The paper succeeds in constructing two novel grey incidence models. The properties of novel model are studied and it is undoubtedly a new development in grey systems theory.

Details

Grey Systems: Theory and Application, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2043-9377

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 24 August 2010

Christopher Henry and James F. Peters

The purpose of this paper is to present near set theory using the perceptual indiscernibility and tolerance relations, to demonstrate the practical application of near set theory…

3294

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present near set theory using the perceptual indiscernibility and tolerance relations, to demonstrate the practical application of near set theory to the image correspondence problem, and to compare this method with existing image similarity measures.

Design/methodology/approach

Image‐correspondence methodologies are present in many systems that are depended on daily. In these systems, the discovery of sets of similar objects (aka, tolerance classes) stems from human perception of the objects being classified. This view of perception of image‐correspondence springs directly from Poincaré's work on visual spaces during 1890s and Zeeman's work on tolerance spaces and visual acuity during 1960s. Thus, in solving the image‐correspondence problem, it is important to have systems that accurately model human perception. Near set theory provides a framework for measuring the similarity of digital images (and perceptual objects, in general) based on features that describe them in much the same way that humans perceive objects.

Findings

The contribution of this paper is a perception‐based classification of images using near sets.

Originality/value

The method presented in this paper represents a new approach to solving problems in which the goal is to match human perceptual groupings. While the results presented in the paper are based on measuring the resemblance between images, the approach can be applied to any application that can be formulated in terms of sets such that the objects in the sets can be described by feature vectors.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-378X

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 18 April 2018

Andrew P. Tarko

Purpose – This chapter overviews surrogate measures of safety to help better understand the related challenges and opportunities. The chapter is meant to serve as a primer for…

Abstract

Purpose – This chapter overviews surrogate measures of safety to help better understand the related challenges and opportunities. The chapter is meant to serve as a primer for practitioners looking for alternative methods of evaluating safety where crashes are lacking or are insufficient.

Approach – The historical perspective and the current state-of-the-art thinking are presented in an organised manner with a focus on fundamental concepts, traffic measurement techniques and estimation of the relationships between surrogate events and collisions.

Findings – An analysis of the published research and its findings indicates that traffic conflicts are the most promising surrogates. They enable evaluation of the safety implications of a wide range of road and traffic conditions. The required ecological consistency between conflicts and collisions can be ensured by sufficient nearness of conflicts to collisions. Several methods of estimating the relationship between conflicts and crashes are discussed. Behavioural measures of safety are also discussed. Although easier to measure than conflicts, behavioural measures should be used with caution. Research on surrogate measures of safety may provide a basis for improving microsimulation models as tools of safety evaluation.

Practical implications – Current changes in vehicle and road instrumentation affect safety at a rate that exceeds the efficiency of the traditional crash-based methods of safety analysis. Accurate and quick measurement of safety with surrogate measures offers a viable solution. They are also a necessary condition of gaining a better understanding of safety and finding more effective solutions for safety problems.

Details

Safe Mobility: Challenges, Methodology and Solutions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-223-1

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1999

Patrik Jonsson and Magnus Lesshammar

The paper identifies six requirements: four critical dimensions (what to measure) and two characteristics (how to measure) of an overall manufacturing performance measurement…

7870

Abstract

The paper identifies six requirements: four critical dimensions (what to measure) and two characteristics (how to measure) of an overall manufacturing performance measurement system. The overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) measure in such a system is assessed against these ideal requirements. The current measurement systems, and the potential of OEE, of three manufacturing organisations are evaluated with the dimensions and characteristics as comparative data. A common weakness of the systems was that they did not measure flow orientation or external effectiveness to any great extent. Another weakness was a high degree of complexity and lack of continuous improvement. Field experiments in the studied organisations showed that use of OEE in combination with an open and decentralised organisation design could improve several of those weaknesses.

Details

International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 19 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3577

Keywords

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 30 June 2000

Abstract

Details

The Theory of Monetary Aggregation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44450-119-6

Abstract

Details

Functional Structure Inference
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44453-061-5

Article
Publication date: 1 November 1995

Anna Baines

In these days of total quality management, business processre‐engineering, etc. it is easy to forget tried and tested approaches toproductivity and performance measurement and…

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Abstract

In these days of total quality management, business process re‐engineering, etc. it is easy to forget tried and tested approaches to productivity and performance measurement and improvement. Work measurement, for example, has been around for many years but still can be extremely effective in informing us of the working times, and delays, inherent in different ways of carrying out work.

Details

Work Study, vol. 44 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0043-8022

Keywords

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