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In the analysis of some near‐regular structures one can solve the regular part independently and then superimpose the effect of the additional part. For such models, the matrices corresponding to regular part have canonical forms and their eigensolution or inversion can easily be performed. The effect of member changing the regular to a near‐regular structure can then be added. The purpose of this paper is to analyze near‐regular structures using the force method.

The paper uses the force method, and instead of selecting a statically determinate basic structure (standard method), the paper employs the regular part of the structure as the basic structure.

A new algebraic method is introduced for the force method of analysis for efficient analysis of large near‐regular structures.

In this paper, the force method is used, however, instead of selecting a statically determinate basic structure, the regular part of the structure is employed as the basic structure. Those additional elements are considered as redundant elements. This method is applied to truss and frame structures. In the present approach it is possible to have missing elements instead of additional elements.

The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient method for dynamic analysis of structures utilizing a modal analysis with the main purpose of decreasing the computational complexity of the problem. In traditional methods, the solution of initial-value problems (IVPs) using numerical methods like finite difference method leads to step by step and time-consuming recursive solutions.

The present method is based on converting the IVP into boundary-value problems (BVPs) and utilizing the features of the latter problems in efficient solution of the former ones. Finite difference formulation of BVPs leads to matrices with repetitive tri-diagonal and block tri-diagonal patterns wherein the eigensolution and matrix inversion are obtained using graph products rules. To get advantage of these efficient solutions for IVPs like the dynamic analysis of single DOF systems, IVPs are converted to boundary-value ones using mathematical manipulations. The obtained formulation is then generalized to the multi DOF systems by utilizing modal analysis.

Applying the method to the modal analysis leads to a simple and efficient formulation. The laborious matrix inversion and eigensolution operations, of computational complexities of O(n2.373) and O(n3), respectively, are converted to a closed-form formulation with summation operations.

No limitation.

Swift analysis has become possible.

Suitability of solving IVPs and modal analysis using conversion and graph product rules is presented and applied to efficient seismic optimal analysis and preliminary design.

There are many structures that have a repetitive pattern. If a relationship can be established between a repetitive structure and a circulant structure, then the repetitive structure can be analyzed by using the properties of the corresponding circulant structure. The purpose of this paper is to develop such a transformation.

A circulant matrix has certain properties that can be used to reduce the complexity of the analysis. In this paper, repetitive and near-repetitive structures are transformed to circulant structures by adding and/or eliminating some elements of the structure. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the present method.

A transformation is established between a repetitive structure and a circulant structure, and the analysis of the repetitive structure is performed by using the properties of the corresponding circulant structure.

Repetitive and near-repetitive structures are transformed to circulant structures, and the complexity of the analysis of the former structures is reduced by analyzing the latter structures.

Conventional approaches of evaluating spatial layout configurations typically involved universal understandings of aspects like connectivity, proximity and visibility, while possibly discarding both partially true solutions and ranges of parameters affecting detailed spatial relations. With the growing need to address spatial uncertainty and ambiguity, the incorporation of methods that embrace soft qualities in design is becoming increasingly significant in spatial layout planning.

The authors introduce a fuzzy-based approach for the automated assessment of architectural spatial layout configurations while addressing ambiguity in layout design. The authors evaluate soft interdependent design qualities like connectedness, enclosure and spaciousness to satisfy multiple mutually inclusive criteria and account for all logical solutions without discarding likely or less likely solutions. The authors analyze spatial entities, parameters and relations and identify rulesets for logical configurations using linguistic variables, fuzzy sets, membership functions and descriptive rule blocks. As a case study, the authors use grasshopper and fuzzyTECH to represent four pilot layout alternates with varying attributes and a case study focusing on one specific spatial criterion.

Multiple complex and nuanced spatial relations were inferred by evaluating spatial outputs and their inherent discrepancies and correlations, thus confirming the assumption that fuzzy-based systems could potentially satisfy multiple mutually inclusive criteria and account for exhaustive logical solutions without discarding preferable, likely or less likely solutions.

Most precedent approaches focus on spatial layout design from an occupancy-centered perspective, where occupancy patterns and possibilities are identified in loosely defined spaces or behavioral usage patterns. The added value in this paper involves including a wide array of spatial inputs to describe soft spatial qualities using nuanced rule-based descriptors.

Hospital landscape is not a useless space within hospital buildings anymore. It is considered as a supportive area providing mental and physical peace. However, the planting design of the hospital landscape and the way it should be in order to not disrupt wayfinding performance is neglected. This paper, which is a case study, aims at investigating the effects of planting design in Kerman hospitals’ landscapes on the users’ wayfinding using space syntax techniques.

This research focuses on the effects of planting design on the users’ wayfinding in hospitals. In so doing, library research, computer simulation and analysis with the University College London (UCL) Depthmap software, and comparison techniques are used. Based on axial maps, the measures of integration, connectivity and intelligibility are considered for analysing the wayfinding process of individuals.

The findings show that planting configurations in the hospital landscape can affect individuals’ wayfinding. Integrated and regular planting design in addition to combining planted areas with the hospital buildings can pave the way for intelligible space and easier wayfinding.

According to the authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first to use the space syntax techniques in the health-care landscape architecture in terms of planting design and wayfinding. As wayfinding is an important issue in health-care spaces, the study findings can greatly help the health-care building designers and the related organizations to pay attention to the hospital landscape as much as hospital indoors.