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The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrity monitoring method using ERAIM (Extended Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) for the integrated GNSS/Inertial (Global Navigation Satellite System and inertial navigation system) of general aviation aircraft.

First the tightly integrated GNSS with Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (GNSS/SINS) and the Kalman filter is designed. Then the processing of ERAIM is presented, in which the least‐squares theory is used to calculate the best estimators by integrating the predicted states with measurement states of Kalman filter. Based on the new measurement model, the integrity monitoring for GNSS/inertial system is carried out, including the fault detection, identification, reliability and separability. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for ERAIM vs RAIM are performed to validate the proposed method.

Simulation results show that the ERAIM method is able to detect and identify effectively any type of failure including step failure and ramp failure. Compared to the RAIM method for only GNSS, the ERAIM increases the redundant information and reduces the correlation of test statistics, as well as enhancing the reliability and thus can significantly improve the performance of integrity monitoring.

In safety critical sectors such as aviation, stringent integrity performance requirements must be met. The ERAIM method cannot only be used in integrity monitoring for the integrated GNSS/Inertial system, but also can be applied to only GNSS or other integrated navigation systems for general aviation aircraft.

The paper presents a new integrity monitoring method of ERAIM, which is able to improve the fault detection and identification capabilities significantly by extending GNSS‐used RAIM method into the GNSS/Inertial integrated system.

The purpose of this work is to obtain an overbounded broadcast sigma from actual (non-Gaussian) correction error distribution under the stringent navigation integrity requirements for aircraft precision approach and landing.

Approach is statistically to overbound satellite pseudorange correction error distribution with the use of numerical solution of Fisher-Z transformation. Inflation factors for overbounding broadcast sigma are extracted from Fisher-Z transformation based on measured correlation and counted independent identically distributed (iid) sample sizes of true empirical data.

New overbounded broadcast sigma values for eight long-pass satellites were obtained based on measured actual empirical data and ensured integrity risk at 10⁻⁸ probability level. Proposed methodology successfully overbounds ground reflection multipath-type systematic and temporal errors sources.

This paper introduced a new method of accounting for ground reflection multipath for local area augmentation system/ground-based augmentation system navigation integrity. The method is also applicable to statistically overbound any other serially correlated temporal variation in measured data if both correlation values and finite iid sample sizes are known.

The purpose of this paper is to develop and analyze a new multiple hypothesis receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm, which can handle simultaneous multiple ramp failures.

The proposed algorithm uses measurement residuals and satellite observation matrices of several consecutive epochs for failure detection and exclusion. It detects failures by monitoring the error vector rather than a projection of the error vector. The algorithm assumes that magnitude of range errors can vary with time, while the conventional sequential multiple hypothesis RAIM algorithm assumes that range errors are constant biases.

The algorithm can detect any instance of multiple failures, including failures that cannot be detected by the conventional RAIM algorithm. It can detect multiple failures with magnitudes of several tens of meters, even though the algorithm must solve an ill-conditioned problem. And it can also deal with ramp failures which cannot be detected by conventional sequential multiple hypothesis RAIM algorithm. The detection capability of the proposed algorithm is not dependent on satellite geometry or types of errors.

Implications for the development of the RAIM algorithm for aviation users are included. In particular, it can be a candidate for a future standard architecture in multiple constellations, multiple frequency and satellite-based augmentation system users.

A new multiple hypothesis RAIM algorithm with a relative RAIM concept is proposed. Also presented is a detailed explanation of the algorithms, including rigorous mathematical expressions, and an analysis of differences in detection capability between the conventional multiple hypothesis RAIM algorithm and proposed algorithm.

This paper aims to develop and analyse a new multiple-hypothesis receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm. The proposed algorithm can handle simultaneous multiple failures as well as a single failure.

The proposed algorithm uses measurement residuals and satellite observation matrices of several consecutive epochs for failure detection and exclusion. It detects failures by monitoring the error vector itself instead of monitoring the projection of the error vector. The algorithm reduces the minimum detectable bias via the relative receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RRAIM) scheme.

The algorithm is able to detect any instance of multiple failures, including failures that are not detected by the conventional RAIM algorithm. It is able to detect multiple failures with magnitudes of several tens of meters, although the algorithm has to solve an ill-conditioning problem. The detection capability of the proposed algorithm is not dependent on satellite geometry.

The algorithm assumes that the error vectors in three consecutive epochs have biases of similar magnitude. As a result, although the algorithm detects occurrences of drifting error, it cannot identify which measurement(s) has the critical error.

The paper includes implications for the development of the RAIM algorithm for aviation users. Especially, it can be a candidate for future standard architecture in multiple constellations, multiple frequency satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) users.

The paper proposes a new multiple-hypothesis RAIM algorithm with an RRAIM concept. A detailed explanation of the algorithms, including rigorous mathematical expressions, is presented. The paper also includes an analysis of differences in detection capability between conventional algorithm and the proposed algorithm depending on satellite geometry.

The purpose of this paper is to update and expand a model described in a previous paper by the author (Holian, 2002), which categorised practices, skills and preferences of practising managers and management consultants.

A case study and qualitative interviews provided the data used as the basis for development of a model of ethical decision‐making behaviour.

This paper extends the previous work to include a mode of “Narcissism” as a further category of behaviour. It builds on the analysis and application of findings from the previous original research study, discusses links with research on “emotional intelligence”, and describes applications to management practice and management education.

A model with five modes of ethical decision making and four sets of associated skills is presented and discussed.

This paper includes practical implications for managers, consultants and management educators.

The model described is based on original research. The suggested links with “emotional intelligence” are also not yet explored in the literature.

AT the 1991 International Conference of the Royal Institute of Navigation the opening address was by Olaf Lundberg, director general of Inmarsat and many civil and military specialists presented papers on a variety of topics relating to satellite navigation for land, sea and air purposes.

MODERN technology provides the means to satisfy the demands for more accurate navigation. The 21st century will require enhanced standards of safety and efficiency with better use being made of the existing airspace to keep ahead of the ever increasing traffic. This was the theme underlining a conference organised by the Royal Aeronautical Society and the Royal Institute of Navigation which set out to explore the ways in which todays advances will help solve the problems of tomorrow.