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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1994

Jeris F. Cassel and Sherry K. Little

A national multi‐gigabit‐per‐second research and education network known as the National Research and Education Network is to be established by 1996, according to the…

Abstract

A national multi‐gigabit‐per‐second research and education network known as the National Research and Education Network is to be established by 1996, according to the High‐Performance Computing Act of 1991 (P.L. 102–194) passed in December 1991. Commonly known as the NREN and referred to as the “information highway,” this electronic network is expected to provide scientific, educational, and economic benefits for the United States and to serve as the basis for an all‐encompassing National Information Infrastructure available to all citizens. The idea of the NREN began in the late 1960s in the Department of Defense and its Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) with the development of ARPANet, the first packet‐switching network. This evolved into the Internet, or Interim NREN, after the National Science Foundation (NSF) linked its national supercomputing centers with the NSFNet. The NSFNet is to be the technological backbone for the NREN, which will continue the networking begun by the Internet. Initially, the NREN is intended to interconnect researchers and resources of research institutions, educational institutions, industry, and government in every state.

Details

Reference Services Review, vol. 22 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0090-7324

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1993

Fred W. Weingarten

Examines the political/economic background behind the NationalResearch and Educational Network (NREN) and the proposed NationalInformation Infrastructure (NII). Points out that…

Abstract

Examines the political/economic background behind the National Research and Educational Network (NREN) and the proposed National Information Infrastructure (NII). Points out that several important questions about N.I. have not been addressed. Explains the structure of NREN. Concludes that the US Government is not sufficiently caring of public interest in the development of public networks.

Details

Internet Research, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1066-2243

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1992

Describes OCLC′s plans and policies with respect to linking withthe Internet and the emerging National Research and Education Network(NREN). Includes a consideration of the…

Abstract

Describes OCLC′s plans and policies with respect to linking with the Internet and the emerging National Research and Education Network (NREN). Includes a consideration of the telecommunications environment for libraries; the prospects of greatly reduced telecommunications costs by means of online public access catalogues available for searching on the Internet. Provides an assessment of Internet and NREN linkages, noting governance, performance/support, economics, and future developments.

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1992

Charles R. McClure, William E. Moen and Joe Ryan

This article summarizes a study that identified and described federal information inventory/locator systems. Such locator systems provide an important means of accessing a range…

Abstract

This article summarizes a study that identified and described federal information inventory/locator systems. Such locator systems provide an important means of accessing a range of government information not previously available to the public or other government officials. Overall, the study's goal was to improve access to and use of U.S. government information. The study produced a final report describing study efforts, identifying issues and conclusions, and recommending the design of an networked‐based government‐wide information inventory/locator system (GIILS) (Volume I), the Federal Locator Database (FLD) — a machine‐readable database of descriptive information on some 250 federal databases, of which fifty‐three met the study's criteria as a locator, and a user's guide to that database (Volume II includes a machine‐readable version of the database and the user guide and codebook). The study recommends that the U.S. Office of Management and Budget develop a policy framework requiring agencies to design and maintain machine‐readable locators, meeting certain requirements and standards and that these be accessible over the Internet/NREN.

Details

Internet Research, vol. 2 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1066-2243

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1992

BETTY TUROCK

In 1990, when the bill was introduced in Congress to create the National Research and Education Network (NREN), a proposed high‐capacity electronic highway of interconnected…

Abstract

In 1990, when the bill was introduced in Congress to create the National Research and Education Network (NREN), a proposed high‐capacity electronic highway of interconnected networks, linkages for all kinds of libraries were missing. This was hard to understand, since the library community has been assisted and encouraged in its networking efforts by the federal government since 1960.

Details

The Bottom Line, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0888-045X

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1991

William L. Schrader

Analogies used to describe the National Research and Education Network (NREN) range from the national highway system, to the regional canals, to an intertwined postal‐telephone…

Abstract

Analogies used to describe the National Research and Education Network (NREN) range from the national highway system, to the regional canals, to an intertwined postal‐telephone system. Five years from today, I believe the NREN will have earned its rightful place as a new model for building a strong America and enabling still undreamed of concepts to flourish.

Details

Internet Research, vol. 1 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1066-2243

Book part
Publication date: 27 September 2019

Ane Turner Johnson

Higher education institutions around the world have increasingly come to see information and communication technology (ICT) as vital to the business of teaching and learning…

Abstract

Higher education institutions around the world have increasingly come to see information and communication technology (ICT) as vital to the business of teaching and learning. Institutions invest a considerable amount of time and resources to erecting the appropriate institutional infrastructure, creating policy and practice, instituting strategy, training faculty, and building the capacity of technology staff. However, in under-resourced regions of the world, such as Africa, ICT, the availability and use of, has several challenges to overcome: a lack of institutional infrastructure, sufficient bandwidth, and limited capacity to employ ICT in the research process or the classroom. Universities report inadequate funding, poor management and infrastructure, resistance to change, inadequate training, and high costs associated with effective ICT use. Moreover, critiques of Western technopositivism surface misgivings related to the performance outcomes and appropriateness of ICT adoption in Africa. In this chapter, the author will explore the work of international organizations and regional and national research and education networks in the diffusion of ICT discourse, consider on-the-ground adoptions and innovation at universities in Nigeria, and reflect on the suitability and sustainability of technology adoption, all within an ICT for development (ICT4D) framework that lenses the evolution of technological applications in higher education. This chapter is significant in that it connects African higher education to ICT4D and frames the various discourses, policy landscapes and practice arenas, as they relate to international actors, continental initiatives, networks, universities, and faculty.

Details

Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83867-416-8

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1991

Joe Ryan and Charles R. McClure

Describes research undertaken to investigate the role of publiclibraries in developing and exploiting the next generationof nationalnetworks, such as Internet. Considers…

Abstract

Describes research undertaken to investigate the role of public libraries in developing and exploiting the next generationof national networks, such as Internet. Considers developments in Internet and NREN, public libraries and networking, and the impact of the network on public libraries. Surmises that the research will help identify factors that affect the library′s role in electronic networks, although many questions about networks may have more to do with how libraries define themselves than with the technology itself.

Details

OCLC Micro, vol. 7 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 8756-5196

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 March 2016

Gregory D Bothun

The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study report of the development of data networks and initial connectivity in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region and how that…

1967

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study report of the development of data networks and initial connectivity in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region and how that development evolved into the formation of research and education (R & E) networks that enable new collaborations and curriculum potential.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study is presented through the past 20 year’s operations and field activities of the Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC) at the University of Oregon, who in partnership with the National Science Foundation has worked together to significantly train network engineers in Africa on how to develop regional R & E networks that can link together the various research universities in SSA.

Findings

The author shows how the development of these networks have fostered improved collaboration between African and US scientists, particularly around issues that relate to climate change. This paper contains testimonials from both scientists and on-the-ground key directors in Africa about the value of these improved networks. The expansion of regional R & E networks has allowed the Association of African Universities (AAU) to launch sustainable development as one of its new core programs over the period 2013-2017. Within this new core AAU program are four sub-themes: agriculture and food security, water resources management, climate change and energy. All of these themes will benefit directly from these new, network-enabled, data-sharing abilities.

Practical implications

The current state of network-driven curriculum and curriculum exchange between African universities is assessed and compared that to that in the early days of academic network penetration (1990-2000) in the USA to find similar rates of evolution. Since 2015, SSA has sufficient network access and connectivity to now enable a wide variety of new collaborative research and collaborative academic programs.

Originality/value

The experience and operational competence of the NSRC at the University of Oregon needs to be detailed and espoused. No other American university has had such an impact on Africa in terms of improving its overall network infrastructure enabling new kinds of collaborative research on real-world problems, such as climate change and resource depletion in Africa.

Details

International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, vol. 17 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1467-6370

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1992

Susan M. Eldred and Michael J. McGill

Among members of the U.S. Internet community, there probably is no single issue causing more debate than the commercialization of this “network of networks.” Few will dispute that…

Abstract

Among members of the U.S. Internet community, there probably is no single issue causing more debate than the commercialization of this “network of networks.” Few will dispute that the Internet is a valuable resource, but it is equally clear that its value is not limited to its traditional set of users — those in the research and education (R&E) community. As a result of its success, demand for access to the Internet comes from many sectors, and there is every indication that the fastest growing segment of U.S. Internet users are members of the business community.

Details

Internet Research, vol. 2 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1066-2243

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