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Bjorn John Stephen, Surabhi Suchanti, Devendra Jain, Harshdeep Dhaliwal, Vikram Sharma, Ramandeep Kaur, Rajeev Mishra and Abhijeet Singh
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a set of infectious diseases that primarily affect low-income countries situated near the equator. Effective diagnostic tools hold the key…
Abstract
Purpose
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a set of infectious diseases that primarily affect low-income countries situated near the equator. Effective diagnostic tools hold the key to stemming the spread of these infectious diseases. However, specificity is a major concern associated with current diagnostic protocols. In this regard, electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosensors could play a crucial role, as highlighted by renewed interest in their research. The purpose of this study was to highlight the current scenario for the design and development of biosensors for the detection of NTDs related pathogens. This review highlights the different types of factors involved and the modifications used to enhance sensor properties.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors discuss the potential of electrochemical DNA biosensors as efficient, affordable diagnostic tools for the detection of pathogens associated with NTDs by reviewing available literature. This study discusses the biosensor components, mainly the probe selection and type of electrodes used, and their potential to improve the overall design of the biosensor. Further, this study analyses the different nanomaterials used in NTD-based electrochemical DNA biosensors and discusses how their incorporation could improve the overall sensitivity and specificity of the biosensor design. Finally, this study examines the impact such techniques could have in the future on mass screening of NTDs.
Findings
The findings provide an in-depth analysis of electrochemical DNA biosensors for the detection of pathogens associated with NTDs.
Originality/value
This review provides an update on the different types and modifications of DNA biosensors that have been designed for the diagnosis of NTD-related pathogens.
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Hadeel Alhazimeh, Mohamed Ghazi Al-Fandi and Lina M.K. Al-Ebbini
Ascorbic acid (AA) is an essential vitamin for human health. Therefore, fast and cost-effective detecting of AA is essential, whether in human or food samples. The purpose of this…
Abstract
Purpose
Ascorbic acid (AA) is an essential vitamin for human health. Therefore, fast and cost-effective detecting of AA is essential, whether in human or food samples. The purpose of this paper is to develop an electrochemical nanosensor for AA detection.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed nanosensor was developed by printing carbon nanoparticles ink and silver nanoparticles ink on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The surface of the PDMS substrate was first treated by corona plasma. Then, the nanomaterials printer was used to deposit both inks on the substrate. The working electrode surface was modified by drop-casting of carbon nanotubes. Morphological evaluation was applied using scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Also, a potentiostat was used to detect AA by differential pulse voltammetry.
Findings
It has been shown that the developed nanosensor linearly worked at a range of (0–5 mM), with a limit of detection lower than 0.8 mM and a relative standard deviation of 6.6%.
Originality/value
The developed nanosensor is characterized by a simple and cost-effective sensing tool for AA. In particular, the nanomaterials enhanced the nanosensor’s sensitivity due to the high catalytic activity.
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Shaohua Lv and Jian Wang
The novel structures and properties of nanostructure and nanomaterials give people perfect artistic expression of feeling and sense, then the nanoart discipline is developed and…
Abstract
Purpose
The novel structures and properties of nanostructure and nanomaterials give people perfect artistic expression of feeling and sense, then the nanoart discipline is developed and is closely related on the nanotechniques. The many achieved novel nanostructures with strong anti-corrosion prepared by the anodization have been reviewed. The paper would raise public awareness of nanotechnology, nanomaterial and their impact on our lives.
Design/methodology/approach
Anodization is a very effective and simple technique to form various nanostructures of metal oxide. It includes hard anodization, mild anodization and pulse anodization. Many measures have been introduced anodization process to improve the quality of formed nanostructure and enhance its properties, such as anti-corrosion.
Findings
The formation mechanism of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) by using the mild, hard and pulse anodization has been discussed. The pretexture process and many other measures have been taken in mild and hard anodization to improve the regularity of pore array and greatly accelerate the formation rate of AAO. The pulse anodization has been used to prepare the multilayer Y-branched AAO film, which exhibits steady rich and vivid structure colors and gives a very good artistic expression. Furthermore, many other metal oxide nanostructures such as TiO2 and CuO have also been fabricated using the anodization techniques.
Originality/value
Various nanostructures of metal oxide prepared by anodization have been reviewed and are itself a perfect artwork in mesoscale. Also, many nanostructures have exhibited steady, rich and vivid structure colors and give people a very good artistic expression.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe recent research involving the application of biomimetic design concepts to nanosensor developments.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe recent research involving the application of biomimetic design concepts to nanosensor developments.
Design/methodology/approach
Following a short introduction to nanobiomimetic concepts, this paper discusses a range of recent nanosensor developments whose designs mimic or use naturally‐occurring nanostructures or nanomaterials.
Findings
This shows that biomimetic design concepts are being applied to a range of nanosensors which have been shown to respond to a range of physical and chemical variables, often with very high sensitivities. Potential applications include homeland security and military uses, healthcare and robotics.
Originality/value
This paper provides details of recent nanobiomimetic sensor research which has potential in a range of critical applications.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel, nanomaterial‐based X‐ray imaging technology, developed at the University of North Carolina.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel, nanomaterial‐based X‐ray imaging technology, developed at the University of North Carolina.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper describes a unique X‐ray source, based on field emission from a carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathode and discusses its application to computer tomography (CT).
Findings
CNT‐based X‐ray sources are shown to offer improved performance over conventional thermionic devices and allow the design of gantry‐free, stationary CT systems with faster scanning speeds and better image quality. The field emission technology has been commercialised by Xintek and a joint venture with Siemens, XinRay Systems, aims to commercialise CT imagers based on the technology.
Originality/value
The paper describes a novel approach to the generation of X‐rays and its use in medical CT imaging systems.
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