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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the creep properties of Sn‐0.7Cu composite solder joints reinforced with optimal nano‐sized Ag particles in order to improve the creep performance of lead‐free solder joints by a composite approach.

The composite approach has been considered as an effective method to improve the creep performance of solder joints. Nano‐sized Ag reinforcing particles were incorporated into Sn‐0.7Cu solder by mechanically mixing. A systematic creep study was carried out on nano‐composite solder joints reinforced with optimal nano‐sized Ag particles and compared with Sn‐0.7Cu solder joints at different temperatures and stress levels. A steady‐state creep constitutive equation for nano‐composite solder joints containing the best volume reinforcement was established in this study. Microstructural features of solder joints were analyzed to help determine their deformation mechanisms during creep.

The creep activation energies and stress exponents of Ag particle‐enhanced Sn‐0.7Cu lead‐free based composite solder joints were higher than those of matrix solder joints under the same stress and temperature. Thus, the creep properties of nano‐composite solder joints are better than those of Sn‐0.7Cu solder joints.

The findings indicated that nano‐sized Ag reinforcing particles could effectively improve the creep properties of solder joints. A new steady‐state creep constitutive equation of nano‐composite solder joints was established. Deformation mechanisms of Sn‐0.7Cu solder and nano‐composite solder joints during creep were determined.

This study aims to expand the reliability and special functions of lightweight materials for high-end equipment and green manufacturing, so that it is the first such research to carry out nano-composite technology of nickel-coated carbon nanotubes (Ni-CNTs)-based titanium-zirconium chemical conversion on aluminum alloy substrate.

Corrosion behavior of various coatings was investigated using dropping corrosion test, linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the nano-composite conversion coatings was significantly improved to compare with the conventional titanium-zirconium conversion coating. The morphology and microdomain characteristics of the nano-composite conversion coatings were characterized by SEM/eds/EPMA, which indicated that the CNT or Ni-CNTs addition promoting the integrity coverage of coatings in a short time.

Surface morphology of titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr)/Ni-CNT specimens exhibited smooth, compact and little pores. The nano-composite conversion coatings are mainly composed of Al, O, C and Ti elements and contain a small amount of F and Zr elements, which illuminated that CNT or Ni-CNT addition could co-deposit with aluminum and titanium metal oxides.

The study of corrosion resistance of nano-composite conversion coatings and the micro-zone film-formation characteristics would be provided theoretical support for the development of basic research on surface treatment of aluminum alloys.

This paper computationally estimates the constitutive relationships of composite materials reinforced by single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT).

A multiscale analysis is considered. At the nanoscale level, molecular dynamics (MD) are used to predict the stiffness for an equivalent beam. A BEM solver for the elasticity problems is extended to allow the presence of inclusions and hence is used to model a RVE for the composite matrix with the equivalent nanotube beams. A genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to generate an initial population of anisotropic materials based on FEM. The GA evolves the population of properties of anisotropic materials till a material is found whose mechanical response is the same as that of the nanocomposite.

The overall process is suitable for the constitutive relationships estimation according to the verification process outlined.

The present work is limited to 2D linear problems. However, extending it to 3D non‐linear applications is straight forward.

The present technique could be used to estimate properties of NCT composites, hence practical applications such as aeroplane structures or turbine blades could be analysed using commercial finite element software. The present methodology could be used to estimate non‐mechanical properties such as the thermal and electric properties.

The present computational technique has never been presented in the literature.

The purpose of this research, is to develop a nano composite deposition system (NCDS) to fabricate three dimensional functional nano composite parts.

The NCDS is a hybrid system in which material removal process by mechanical micro machining and/or the deposition process is combined.

Hybrid RP technology showed higher precision than those made by casting or deposition process. Tensile strength of the hydroxyapatite‐acrylic composite was about four times higher than that of resin‐only specimen while MWCNT composite did not show much improvement.

The paper illustrates new approaches for rapid prototyping techniques with various materials and high precision.

The main purpose of this study was to prepare the cotton fibers and cellulose powder by a layer of nano-crystalline-titanium dioxide (TiO₂) using the sol-gel sono-synthesis method to clean the wastewater containing reactive dye. Moreover, TiO₂ nano-materials are remarkable due to their photoactive properties and valuable applications in wastewater treatment.

In this research, TiO₂ was synthesized and deposited effectively on cotton fibers and cellulose powder using ultrasound-assisted coating. Further, tetra butyl titanate was used as a precursor to the synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles. Reactive dye (red 195) was used in this study. X-ray Diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to prove the aptitude for the formation of crystal TiO2 on the cotton fibers and cellulose powder along with TiO₂ nanoparticles as well as to analyze the chemical structure. Decoloration of the wastewater was investigated through ultraviolet (UV-Visible) light at 30 min.

The experimental results revealed that the decolorization was completed at 2.0 min with the cellulose nano TiO₂ treatment whereas cotton nano TiO₂ treated solution contained reactive dyestuffs even after the treatment of 2 min. This was the fastest method up to now than all reported methods for sustainable decolorization of wastewater by absorption. Furthermore, this study explored that the cellulose TiO₂ nano-composite was more effective than the cotton TiO₂ nano-composite of decoloration wastewater for the eco-friendly remedy.

Cotton fibers and cellulose powder with nano-TiO₂, and only reactive dye (red 195) were tested.

With reactive dye-containing wastewater, it seems to be easier to get rid of the dye than to retain it, especially from dyeing of yarn, fabric, apparel, and as well as other sectors where dyestuffs are used.

This research would help to reduce pollution in the environment as well as save energy and cost.

Decoloration of wastewater treatment is an essential new track with nano-crystalline TiO2 to fast and efficient cleaning of reactive dyes containing wastewater used as a raw material.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the thermal properties of carbon nanotube composites via meshless element free Galerkin (EFG) method.

The EFG method is based on moving least square approximation, which is constructed by three components: a weight function associated with each node, a basis function and a set of non‐constant coefficients. In principle, EFG method is almost identical to finite element method. The EFG method does not require elements for the interpolation (or approximation) of field variable, but only requires a set of nodes for the construction of approximation function.

The equivalent thermal conductivity of the composite has been calculated, and plotted against nanotube length, nanotube radius, RVE length, and RVE radius. Temperature distribution has been obtained and plotted with RVE length. An approximate numerical formula is proposed to calculate the equivalent thermal conductivity of CNT‐composites. Present computations show that the addition of 6.2 per cent (by volume) of CNT in polymer matrix increases the thermal conductivity of the composite by 42 per cent, whereas 16.1 per cent of CNT addition increases the thermal conductivity of the composite by 352 per cent.

An ideal model, i.e. representative volume element containing single CNT has been taken to evaluate the thermal properties of CNT‐composites.

A simplified approach based on EFG method has been developed to evaluate the overall thermal conductivity of the CNT‐composites.

Continuum mechanics‐based mesh‐free EFG method has been successfully implemented for the thermal analysis of CNT‐composites.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the capabilities and roles of three types of actors, specifically technology-based start-ups, incumbent firms and intermediaries, in co-constructing a network for development and commercialization of an emerging technology. In particular, the research aims to understand how the roles played by network actors evolve during the development and commercialization process and what operational and dynamic capabilities are developed by actors through collaboration.

A single longitudinal case study methodology was applied to analyse roles and operational and dynamic capabilities developed in a network setting by multiple parties over time.

The findings indicate that actors need to take on new roles to be successful when dealing with an emerging technology in a network context and they need to develop certain dynamic capabilities to enact these roles. The study categorizes roles and capabilities of network actors through various stages of collaboration. Actors developed sensing capabilities in the pre-collaboration stage which drove joint new product development. During the collaboration, seizing capabilities were developed where resource commitment and alignment of resources among actors were essential. Capabilities gained through commercialization and large-scale production were predominantly transforming capabilities where actors realigned their structure and had positive impact on capability development in the wider network.

Using data of a single case data may limit the applicability of the findings, which calls for future research.

The findings inform managers’’ and policymakers’ strategies related to participation in networks for development and commercialization of emerging technologies. The research provides insights about the role of large and small firms as well as intermediary organizations in development of nanotechnology and highlights that all network actors need to develop and utilize dynamic capabilities in all areas of sensing, seizing and transforming over time to be able to innovate and successfully commercialize a new product.

The research investigates evolution of operational and dynamic capabilities and roles of multiple actors over time in collaborative networks for development and commercialization of an emerging technology. Building on the dynamic capabilities concept, the study broadens our understanding of the evolution of these capabilities in a network setting and elaborates how capability development is linked to changes in roles.

Development of high efficiency nanofibrous air filter membrane by electrospinning process, to address the air pollution (both the particulate matter and the gaseous components) problem, which has become a major environmental concern.

By exploiting the advantage of active sites on soy protein isolate (SPI), the very high surface area of micro-pore rich activated carbon (AC) and the biocompatibility and biodegradable nature of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The authors have developed a SPI/AC/PVA hybrid membrane. Spun-bond nonwoven substrate was used as the support material to enhance the mechanical properties and also the filter handling properties. The properties of nanofibrous membrane including morphology, air permeability, filtration efficiency and formaldehyde absorption test were carried out as per standard test methods.

SPI-based membrane offers a great potential in air filtration/purification applications. Its potential to capture glancing pollutants at the molecular level is because of the presence of numerous functional groups on the soy protein surface, which enhances the adsorption of particulate matter and toxic gases, even bacteria and viruses to its surface.

The results are anticipated to provide a potential method to promote the development of a nanofibrous membrane, which can act as a high performance, dual function and eco-friendly air filter/purifier.