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21 – 30 of over 85000
Article
Publication date: 1 June 1977

The connotations, associations, custom and usages of a name often give to it an importance that far outweighs its etymological significance. Even with personal surnames or the name

Abstract

The connotations, associations, custom and usages of a name often give to it an importance that far outweighs its etymological significance. Even with personal surnames or the name of a business. A man may use his own name but not if by so doing it inflicts injury on the interests and business of another person of the same name. After a long period of indecision, it is now generally accepted that in “passing off”, there is no difference between the use of a man's own name and any other descriptive word. The Courts will only intervene, however, when a personal name has become so much identified with a well‐known business as to be necessarily deceptive when used without qualification by anyone else in the same trade; i.e., only in rare cases. In the early years, the genesis of goods and trade protection, fraud was a necessary ingredient of “passing off”, an intent to deceive, but with the merging off Equity with the Common Law, the equitable rule that interference with “property” did not require fraudulent intent was practised in the Courts. First applying to trade marks, it was extended to trade names, business signs and symbols and business generally. Now it is unnecessary to prove any intent to deceive, merely that deception was probable, or that the plaintiff had suffered actual damage. The equitable principle was not established without a struggle, however, and the case of “Singer” Sewing Machines (1877) unified the two streams of law but not before it reached the House of Lords. On the way up, judical opinions differed; in the Court of Appeal, fraud was considered necessary—the defendant had removed any conception of fraud by expressingly declaring in advertisements that his “Singer” machines were manufactured by himself—so the Court found for him, but the House of Lords considered the name “Singer” was in itself a trade mark and there was no more need to prove fraud in the case of a trade name than a trade mark; Hence, the birth of the doctrine that fraud need not be proved, but their Lordships showed some hesitation in accepting property rights for trade names. If the name used is merely descriptive of goods, there can be no cause for action, but if it connotes goods manufactured by one firm or prepared from a formula or compsitional requirements prescribed by and invented by a firm or is the produce of a region, then others have no right to use it. It is a question of fact whether the name is the one or other. The burden of proof that a name or term in common use has become associated with an individual product is a heavy one; much heavier in proving an infringement of a trade mark.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 79 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Article
Publication date: 3 June 2021

Rodney J. Paul and Shane Sanders

Abstract

Details

Managerial Finance, vol. 47 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

Article
Publication date: 3 May 2016

Kostas Anestos, Dimitris Gargalianos and Yannis Thamnopoulos

The aim of this study was to conduct a primary examination of people’s perceptions toward the concept of selling of naming rights for publicly owned sports facilities in Greece to…

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to conduct a primary examination of people’s perceptions toward the concept of selling of naming rights for publicly owned sports facilities in Greece to explore the possibilities for this sponsorship practice to be introduced in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

In all, 410 research participants filled out a questionnaire that focused on the level of acceptance, in relation to variations of agreements, and considering decision outcomes scenarios, as also on other naming rights parameters, such as sponsors’ fit features. A modification of methods used in previous research in the context of consumers’ price perceptions in sport was adopted to investigate the potential effects from the provision of decision outcomes messages.

Findings

The research findings indicated that, in terms of acceptance from the public, there might be grounds to implement this type of sponsorship. It is suggested that an optimal way of introducing the concept should be with marketing campaigns outlining the main purpose and the prospective benefits.

Research limitations/implications

Possibly, the participants perceived the prospect and scenarios provided as not very likely to happen and this might influence their responses. Future research should investigate the effects of other factors, such as attitudes toward commercialization, stadium identification and perceived financial status.

Originality/value

The study provides a basis for the consideration of naming rights as a sponsorship option for public sports facilities in Greece, and also offers a new perspective in the use of treatment messages as a tool for altering potential negative perceptions.

Details

Journal of Facilities Management, vol. 14 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1472-5967

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 5 March 2020

Leah Gillooly, Dominic Medway, Gary Warnaby and Tony Grimes

The purpose of this paper is to explore fans’ reactions to corporate naming rights sponsorship of football club stadia and identify a range of contextual factors impacting these…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore fans’ reactions to corporate naming rights sponsorship of football club stadia and identify a range of contextual factors impacting these reactions.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative, quasi-ethnographic research design is adopted, focusing on three football clubs in North West England. Data are gathered through online message board discussions, focus groups and auto-ethnographic approaches.

Findings

Geographic, image and functional dimensions of sponsorship fit are noted as contextual factors in determining fans’ reactions to corporate stadium names. It is also proposed that some forms of fit (in particular geographic fit) are more important than others in this regard. Beyond issues of fit, three additional contextual factors are identified that potentially influence fans’ reactions to corporate stadium names: prior involvement with the club by the sponsor; fans’ perceived impact of the sponsorship investment; and whether the stadium is new or long-established.

Research limitations/implications

Future research might examine the relative importance and implications of the identified contextual factors, alongside seeking other potential areas of contextual framing.

Practical implications

Sponsorship naming rights negotiations need to be sensitive to a variety of contextual factors. Furthermore, sponsors would do well to have a good awareness of their own brand image and its congruency with the identity of the club and fan base.

Originality/value

This nuanced, qualitative analysis extends existing, quantitative-based research by identifying a range of contextual factors which shape fans’ reactions to corporate stadium naming.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 54 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 22 December 2016

Changmian Zhang and Piercarlo Rossi

A balance between environmental protection and sustainable development of the energy industry is fostered in the majority of nations. China’s economic growth has been rapid in the…

Abstract

Purpose

A balance between environmental protection and sustainable development of the energy industry is fostered in the majority of nations. China’s economic growth has been rapid in the past few decades, with the unfortunate side effect of environmental pollution and ecological deterioration in the country. In this chapter, we provide a study of Chinese legal rules about civil liability for environmental damages in the light of objectives of sustainable development of the energy industry.

Methodology/approach

The research approach is based on the Regulatory Impact Assessment.

Practical implications

International funds and private investors, especially those working in FDI, have to cope with the legal framework more or less favorable to investment and innovation deriving from experimentation and development of new energy products and processes. In each jurisdiction, the mechanism of civil liability is crucial in determining such a legal framework.

Social implications

The real functioning of civil liability as applied by the doctrinal and judicial interpretation has to be taken into account for minimizing the mass damages for the environment and individuals.

Originality/value

Different from other assumptions based on administrative rules or policy issues, the balance between environmental protection and sustainable development is considered in this chapter under a view that emphasizes the role of legal rules from a civil law perspective.

Details

China and Europe’s Partnership for a More Sustainable World
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-331-3

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1999

Sui Pheng Low

This paper shows how recent revisions in planning guidelines have helped to enhance land values in some parts of Singapore. The enhancement of land values has motivated many…

1049

Abstract

This paper shows how recent revisions in planning guidelines have helped to enhance land values in some parts of Singapore. The enhancement of land values has motivated many individual property owners to come together to put up their properties for en bloc or collective sales. The factors which are critical for successful en bloc property sales are identified in the paper using case studies where proposed en bloc sales were not successful. These provide lessons which are essential for managing successful en bloc property sales in the future.

Details

Property Management, vol. 17 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-7472

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2001

Hans Klein

Stages global elections held in 2000 by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), provide opportunities to test claims of the sceptics of global democracy…

Abstract

Stages global elections held in 2000 by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), provide opportunities to test claims of the sceptics of global democracy, and those elections cast doubt on the strong claims of critics. Suggests that analysis shows that democracy in ICANN works well enough to merit an investment of resources to make it better. Concludes ICANN’s global elections starkly manifested the value of democratic governance.

Details

info, vol. 3 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-6697

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 26 July 2016

Hilary Lustick

Part of a larger multicase ethnographic research project, this case study examines the experience of transgender youth and their teachers at a school that uses restorative…

Abstract

Purpose

Part of a larger multicase ethnographic research project, this case study examines the experience of transgender youth and their teachers at a school that uses restorative practices as an alternative to school suspension.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study focuses on interviews from one transgender student, her teachers, and her administrators.

Findings

Taken together, these interviews expose complex mechanisms through which transphobia undermines an ostensibly democratic discipline practice intended to promote social justice. The restorative concept of “accountability” framed staff’s efforts to create a more gender-inclusive school, but this frame inadvertently placed the burden of inclusion largely on the transgender student, as staff expected her to educate peers and teachers and enforce gender inclusive practices.

Social implications

Restorative practice trainings should be integrated with trainings on inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals.

Originality/value

Existing research examines the impact of zero tolerance policies on transgender students. This study demonstrates that even when alternatives to zero tolerance policies are in place, teachers and administrators easily slip holding transgender youth accountable for their own safety. A school-wide commitment to “inclusion” does not negate the need for educating staff and students about LGBTQ identities and inclusion.

Details

Education and Youth Today
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-046-6

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 10 October 2016

Robert J. Donovan, Julia Anwar-McHenry, Yolexis Hernandez Aguilera, Amberlee Nicholas and Simone Kerrigan

Maximising return on naming rights sponsorships is important for social marketing campaigns with limited funds. Naming rights allow the sponsor’s brand to be aligned with the…

Abstract

Purpose

Maximising return on naming rights sponsorships is important for social marketing campaigns with limited funds. Naming rights allow the sponsor’s brand to be aligned with the event name in text and visual promotional materials. For visual displays, either the brand logo or the brand name in words can be aligned with the event name. As the Act–Belong–Commit mental health promotion campaign’s logo encapsulates the brand name, a study was conducted to assess the relative impact on recall of “Act–Belong–Commit” as part of a sponsored event name, when the logo was aligned with the event name versus when the brand name in only words was aligned with the event name.

Design/methodology/approach

An intercept survey was conducted with n = 112 adult university students. Participants were presented with one of the above two branding alignments for the sponsored event. The image was removed from view, a distracter question asked and participants were asked to recall the name of the event.

Findings

Recall of the Act–Belong–Commit brand in full as part of the name of the event was significantly and substantially greater for participants exposed to the words only alignment versus the logo alignment: 52 vs 7 per cent (p < 0.000).

Practical implications

Given these findings, the campaign has adopted the policy of using the words Act–Belong–Commit alongside the event name rather than the logo in future naming rights sponsorships.

Originality/value

It is recommended that other social marketing brands with similar brand/logo designs undertake research to ensure optimal return on naming rights sponsorships.

Details

Journal of Social Marketing, vol. 6 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-6763

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 30 October 2009

Paula J. Aucott, Alexander von Lünen and Humphrey Southall

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a knowledgebase supporting a prototype Europe‐wide time‐spatial search interface for historical resources. It discusses…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a knowledgebase supporting a prototype Europe‐wide time‐spatial search interface for historical resources. It discusses how this structure could be used to access other types of digital heritage content.

Design/methodology/approach

By using a relational database with spatial capabilities, a multi‐lingual search structure has been created which supports a temporal map and a facetted browser, collaborative facilities and a heritage resource viewer, with links to online catalogues.

Findings

Combining data from three states with very different histories identified the strengths and weaknesses of the approach. The framework's flexibility means it could easily be re‐purposed to support front ends to other types of cultural content.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the variability in the administrative unit source data, its initial integration required significant manipulation to achieve consistency; however, the benefits of data assimilation ensure the base framework is as efficient as possible.

Practical implications

Usage levels of on‐line cultural resources will be far higher if ordinary users can access them via access routes which have meaning for them, such as by locality/place. Ontology‐based geographical frameworks are much easier to search by place name than are conventional GIS systems, and vastly more accessible to search engines.

Originality/value

This interface demonstrates the potential for integrating data from any number of different national organisations into a single user tool. It also highlights the potential for utilising the underlying structure in multiple contexts.

Details

OCLC Systems & Services: International digital library perspectives, vol. 25 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1065-075X

Keywords

21 – 30 of over 85000