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1 – 6 of 6Nacim Alilat, Elena B. Martin, Francisco Sastre, Jose Antonio Millán García and Abderrahmane Baïri
The aim of this work is to determine the average surface temperature of a conical antenna. Its cooling is ensured by means of a nanofluid-saturated porous structure. The volume…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this work is to determine the average surface temperature of a conical antenna. Its cooling is ensured by means of a nanofluid-saturated porous structure. The volume fraction of the H2O–Cu nanofluid ranges between 0% (pure water) and 5%, whereas the ratio between the thermal conductivity of the used porous materials and that of water (fluid base) varies in the wide 4–41.2 range. The antenna is contained in a coaxial conical closed cavity with a variable distance between the cones, leading to an aspect ratio varying between 0.2 and 0.6. The axis of the assembly is also inclined with respect to the gravity field by an angle varying between 0° (a vertical axis with top of the cone oriented upwards) and 180° (a vertical axis with top of the cone oriented downwards).
Design/methodology/approach
Simulations have been done by means of the volume control method based on the SIMPLE algorithm.
Findings
Results of the numerical approach show that the cavity’s aspect ratio and inclination with respect to the gravity field significantly affect the thermal behavior of the active cone. Otherwise, the work confirms that the Maxwell and Brinkman models used to determine the nanofluid’s effective thermal conductivity and viscosity, respectively, are adapted to the considered assembly.
Originality/value
A new correlation is proposed, allowing the determination of the average surface temperature of the active cone and its correct thermal sizing. This correlation could be used in various engineering fields, including electronics, examined in the present study.
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Abderrahmane Baïri, Jean-Gabriel Bauzin, Alexander Martín-Garín, Nacim Alilat and José Antonio Millán-García
The purpose of this study is to determine the thermal behavior of a hemispherical electronic device contained in a concentric hemispherical enclosure, cooled by means of free…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the thermal behavior of a hemispherical electronic device contained in a concentric hemispherical enclosure, cooled by means of free convection through a porous medium saturated with a water–copper nanofluid. Influence of various parameters on the thermal state of this device is processed in this work. The high power generated by the dome leads to a Rayleigh number varying in the 5.2 × 107-7.29 × 1010 range. The volume fraction of the monophasic nanofluid varies between 0 (pure water) and 10 per cent while the base of the hemispherical cavity (disc) is inclined between 0° (horizontal disc with dome facing upward) and 180° (horizontal disc with dome facing downward).
Design/methodology/approach
The three-dimensional numerical approach is carried out by means of the volume control method associated to the SIMPLE algorithm.
Findings
The work shows that the average temperature of the active component increases with the Rayleigh number according to a conventional law of the power type. The increase in the angle of inclination also goes with a systematic rise in the average temperature. However, increasing the ratio of the solid–fluid thermal conductivities decreases the average temperature of the component, given the respective contributions of the conductive and natural convective phenomena occurring through the nanofluid saturated porous media. The values of this ratio vary in this work between 0 (interstice between the two hemispheres without porous medium) and 70.
Originality/value
The correlation proposed in this work allows to calculate the temperature of the active electronic component for all the combinations of the four influence parameters which vary in wide ranges.
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Abderrahmane Baïri, David San Martin, Iken Baïri, Kemi Adeyeye, Kaiming She, Ali Hocine, Nacim Alilat, Cyril Lamriben, Jean-Gabriel Bauzin, Bruno Chanetz and Najib Laraqi
The purpose of this paper is to examine the details of the air mass flow and aerodynamical phenomena across a channel containing a large vertical axis wind turbine. The considered…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the details of the air mass flow and aerodynamical phenomena across a channel containing a large vertical axis wind turbine. The considered model reproduces as closely as possible the real assembly of the Sistan-type wind-mill whose top is open. The technical results of this work could be used for the restoration and operation of this assembly whose historical and architectural values are recognized.
Design/methodology/approach
Several inlet velocities into the channel are considered, taking into account the possible local wind resources. Calculations corresponding to Reynolds number varying between 8×105 and 4×106 are made by means of the finite volume method and turbulence is treated with the realizable k-ε model. The mesh consists of a fixed part associated to the contour of the channel, interfaced with a moving one linked to the turbine itself, equipped with nine partly filled wings.
Findings
The relative pressure and velocity fields are presented for various dynamic and static conditions. Calculation results clearly show that the vortex phenomena present in some cases are not a source of degradation of the wind turbine’s aerodynamical performances, given its location, intensity and rotation direction. Particular attention is devoted to the air mass flow and its distribution between the inlet and the outlet sections of the channel.
Originality/value
The present work provides technical information useful to consider the restoration and modernization of this installation whose architecture and technical performance are very interesting. This survey complements a previous one examining the aerodynamical phenomena occurring in a modified version of this assembly with a closed top channel.
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Abderrahmane Baïri, Nacim Alilat, Ali Hocine, Abderrezak Hamouda and Oriana Haddad
The wire-bonded version of the quad flat non-lead with 64 leads (QFN64b) is increasingly integrated in modern arrangements, given its thermal and electrical characteristics suited…
Abstract
Purpose
The wire-bonded version of the quad flat non-lead with 64 leads (QFN64b) is increasingly integrated in modern arrangements, given its thermal and electrical characteristics suited for specific applications. Temperature control is thus essential for its proper operation, particularly when the heat exchange with the environment is done by natural convection. This work aims to consider a conventional assembly consisting of a large printed circuit board (PCB) on which is welded a QFN64b generating a power in the range 0.01-0.1 W. The PCB could be inclined at an angle varying between 0° and 90° (horizontal and vertical positions, respectively) according to the intended application.
Design/methodology/approach
The 3D numerical approach done by means of the finite volume method is complemented by thermal and electrical measurements for all the configurations numerically processed. The low deviations obtained between the calculations and the measurements validate the adopted model. These results complement recent work that considers the same assembly equipped with a tilted and low-powered QFN64 basic model subjected to free convection.
Findings
The surface temperature in any part of the assembly has been determined. The influence of the power generated by the device and the PCB’s inclination angle relative to the gravity field have been quantified. The work shows that the radiative heat transfer is negligible given the temperatures reached and that the thermal state of the considered assembly is different from the one equipped with the QFN64 basic model. The QFN’s temperature is lowered, while that of the PCB is increased. The temperature distribution is also different from that of assemblies equipped with other QFN models with and without wire-bonding.
Originality/value
The correlations proposed in this survey help optimize the thermal design of the QFN64b electronic package used in many engineering fields.
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The main purpose of this work is to quantify the convective heat transfer occurring between two inclined and concentric hemispheres.
Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this work is to quantify the convective heat transfer occurring between two inclined and concentric hemispheres.
Design/methodology/approach
The inner one is an electronic assembly generating a constant heat flux during operation. The outer hemisphere is maintained isothermal at cold temperature. The interstitial space is air-filled. The base of the equipment can be inclined with respect to the horizontal plane by an angle ranging from 0° (horizontal position with dome faced upwards) to 180° (horizontal position with dome faced downwards).
Findings
Nusselt–Rayleigh correlations are proposed for several configurations obtained by varying the generated power and the base inclination. The large resulting Rayleigh number ranging between 2.4 × 105 and 1.7 × 107 allows using these new and original correlations in various engineering fields, such as electronics in the present work. The calculations are realized by means of a 3D numerical approach based on the finite volume method.
Originality/value
The geometry and the thermal boundary conditions considered in the present survey are suitable for applications in many engineering areas.
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Keywords
Abderrahmane Baïri, Juan Mario García de María, Nacim Alilat, Najib Laraqi and Jean-Gabriel Bauzin
The purpose of this paper is to propose correlations between Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers for the case of inclined and closed air-filled hemispherical cavities. The disk of such…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose correlations between Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers for the case of inclined and closed air-filled hemispherical cavities. The disk of such cavities is subjected to a constant heat flux. The study covers a wide range of Rayleigh numbers from 5×107 to 2.55×1012.
Design/methodology/approach
Correlations are obtained from numerical approach validated by experimental measurements on some configurations, valid for several angles of inclination of the cavity between 0° (horizontal disk) and 90° (vertical disk) in steps of 15°.
Findings
The statistical analysis of a large number of calculations leads to reliable results covering laminar, transitional and turbulent natural convection heat transfer zones.
Practical implications
The proposed correlations provide solutions for applications in several fields of engineering such as solar energy, aerospace, building, safety and security.
Originality/value
The new relations proposed are the first published for high Rayleigh numbers for this type of geometry. They supplement the knowledge of natural convection in hemispherical inclined cavities and constitute a useful tool for application in various engineering areas as solar energy (thermal collector, still, pyranometer, albedometer, pyrgeometer), aerospace (embarked electronics), building, safety and security (controlling and recording sensors).
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