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Article
Publication date: 21 January 2022

Hafiz Faiz Rasool, Muhammad Ali Qureshi, Abdul Aziz, Zain Ul Abiden Akhtar and Usman Ali Khan

The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief introduction of the finite difference based parabolic equation (PE) modeling to the advanced engineering students and academic…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief introduction of the finite difference based parabolic equation (PE) modeling to the advanced engineering students and academic researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-dimensional parabolic equation (3DPE) model is developed from the ground up for modeling wave propagation in the tunnel via a rectangular waveguide structure. A discussion of vector wave equations from Maxwell’s equations followed by the paraxial approximations and finite difference implementation is presented for the beginners. The obtained simulation results are compared with the analytical solution.

Findings

It is shown that the alternating direction implicit finite difference method (FDM) is more efficient in terms of accuracy, computational time and memory than the explicit FDM. The reader interested in maximum details of individual contributions such as the latest achievements in PE modeling until 2021, basic PE derivation, PE formulation’s approximations, finite difference discretization and implementation of 3DPE, can learn from this paper.

Research limitations/implications

For the purpose of this paper, a simple 3DPE formulation is presented. For simplicity, a rectangular waveguide structure is discretized with the finite difference approach as a design problem. Future work could use the PE based FDM to study the possibility of utilization of meteorological techniques, including the effects of backward traveling waves as well as making comparisons with the experimental data.

Originality/value

The proposed work is directly applicable to typical problems in the field of tunnel propagation modeling for both national commercial and military applications.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 41 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 May 2018

Felicity Ann Cowdrey, Lorna Hogg and Kate Chapman

The purpose of this paper is to investigate health care professionals’ (HCPs) and service-users’ (SUs) attitudes towards different treatment options in an Early Intervention for…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate health care professionals’ (HCPs) and service-users’ (SUs) attitudes towards different treatment options in an Early Intervention for Psychosis (EIP) service as well as the topical issue of offering choice over treatment.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven SUs accessing an EIP service and nine HCPs completed qualitative surveys about treatment for psychosis. Data were analysed thematically.

Findings

Both HCPs and SUs appeared to have a generally positive attitude to the range of interventions offered by the EIP service and SUs talked about the importance of all treatment options being explored. There was variation in attitudes towards SUs having choice over their treatment and a number of factors were identified as crucial in influencing attitudes including mental capacity, risk and level of engagement.

Research limitations/implications

Small sample size, recruitment from only one EIP service and using a survey design limit generalisability and depth of analysis.

Practical implications

HCPs working in EIP services should explore different treatment options fully with SUs but be aware that they may feel unable to make the decision themselves. Such discussions should be revisited throughout an individual’s care as their ability and desire to make informed choices may change over time. Continuing Professional Development and clinical supervision should be used to help HCPs reflect on the choice agenda and the implications of this for clinical practice.

Originality/value

Few studies have examined attitudes towards treatments for psychosis. This is an evolving and important clinical area that remains under researched. Recommendations for service-development, future research and clinical practice are made.

Details

Mental Health Review Journal, vol. 23 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1361-9322

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1971

N.R. Chapman

DISCUSSION The chromium coating thicknesses used in this work were comparable to those used commercially, being between 70 and 170 micrometres approximately. Even after oxidation…

Abstract

DISCUSSION The chromium coating thicknesses used in this work were comparable to those used commercially, being between 70 and 170 micrometres approximately. Even after oxidation for the temperatures and times stated the chromium concentrations at the metal‐oxide interface were between 20% and 60%. These concentrations fell steadily to approximately 13% over the approximate depth stated above before reducing sharply to zero at what was the ferrite‐austenite transformation boundary during the coating process. This is contrary to the structure observed in aluminized stainless steels where a complex structure is produced due to the existence of intermetallic phases. Hence during all the oxidation experiments performed the chromium level of the surface offered for oxidation was never below 13% and complete oxidative breakdown therefore did not occur, excluding spalling effects. Many workers have shown that the oxidation rate of iron‐chromium alloys initially drops sharply with increasing chromium but eventually reaches a minimum of about 20% chromium and then rises for more chromium rich alloys. From the graph of oxidation rate in pure oxygen against chromium content given by Mortimer et al., from 13% chromium to 100% chromium the oxidation rate increases by approximately 6 × 10−9 g.cm−2 sec.−1 It is reasonable to assume that for a diffusion coating the oxidation behaviour will be markedly affected by the composition at its outer surface layer and much less by the composition gradient. If oxidation was continued for sufficiently long periods the latter could affect the general availability of chromium ions for the oxidation process. Over the first 5?m the average chromium levels were between 63% and 20% for the chromised and chrome‐aluminized respectively. From the figures given by Mortimer et al the oxidation rate of the 63% chromium coating would be expected to be 0.5 × 10−9 g.cm−2 sec−1 greater than the 20% chromium coating on the chrome‐aluminized specimens at 600°C, on the basis of the chromium content alone. The results obtained here vary in this manner, hence it is reasonable to conclude that the general oxidation behaviour of the coatings will be very similar to that of pure iron‐chromium alloys containing the same chromium content as in the outer few micrometres of the respective coatings. Even though the true surface area is greater with diffusion treated specimens their oxidation rates are lower that for the corresponding pure alloys.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 18 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Article
Publication date: 1 December 1970

N.R. Chapman, B. Micklethwaite and G.A. Pickup

Summary A study has been made of the oxidation of a range of chromized and chrome‐aluminized alloys in flowing air and flue gas atmospheres in the temperature range 500°C—900°C…

Abstract

Summary A study has been made of the oxidation of a range of chromized and chrome‐aluminized alloys in flowing air and flue gas atmospheres in the temperature range 500°C—900°C. Oxidation data for the full range of alloys are given but only chromized and chrome‐aluminized mild steel are covered in depth.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 17 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Article
Publication date: 21 August 2017

Ruth N. Bolton

My goal is to describe my life in marketing over more than 36 years and to help readers better understand (from my personal perspective) the history of marketing. I also aim to…

Abstract

Purpose

My goal is to describe my life in marketing over more than 36 years and to help readers better understand (from my personal perspective) the history of marketing. I also aim to lift the curtain on some aspects of service within the marketing community.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is an autobiographical sketch. It describes some key moments in my career, as well as describing how my most cited articles came to be written. It emphasizes the contextual factors at work in different periods, so readers can better understand how and why my research evolved in certain ways. I aim to convey the nature and variety of career experiences that were (and are) open to marketing academics. I discuss my experiences at the Journal of Marketing and the Marketing Science Institute.

Findings

Marketing changed rapidly between 1974 and 2017. Although change can be uncomfortable, I urge marketers to seek exposure to new ideas and practices; they are essential to learning and growth. Unexpected opportunities will come along and an alert individual can learn much from them. My time in industry was a learning experience for me. There are many kinds of interesting and successful careers.

Practical implications

The marketing field advances, not by the work of a single individual, but from the accumulated work of the entire marketing community. Everyone has a role to play. I encourage each individual to look for ways to contribute. I offer thoughts on how to build a research career based on my own experience.

Social implications

My thoughts may shed some light on the experiences of a woman academic and the globalization of marketing academia between 1974 and 2017.

Originality/value

My hope is that this paper contributes to a better understanding of the history of marketing, when it is considered together with other articles on this topic. It may also be useful to people who are embarking upon a career, as well as those seeking to understand the work of earlier marketing scholars.

Details

Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, vol. 9 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-750X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1978

A.N. Mukherji and P. Prabhakaram

In the present work, the authors carried out siliconizing, chromizing, aluminizing and chrome‐aluminizing of mild steel in a pack cementation process with a view to evaluate the…

Abstract

In the present work, the authors carried out siliconizing, chromizing, aluminizing and chrome‐aluminizing of mild steel in a pack cementation process with a view to evaluate the optimum experimental conditions to obtain satisfactory coatings which possess high resistance to oxidation. It is visualised to adopt some of the experimental conditions in later experiments where diffusion coating treatments are carried out using pastes containing the various diffusion elements. Some of the findings of the authors in siliconizing, chromizing, aluminizing and chrome‐aluminizing of mild steel in pack process are reported. It was observed that there is excess grain growth during siliconizing by the pack process and the coatings are porous and lack good oxidation resistance compared to coatings in the gas phase carried out by other workers. Chromized, aluminized and chrome‐aluminized samples are superior to 18/8 stainless steel and even Inconel in their oxidation resistance. Chromizing followed by aluminizing makes the coating layer less brittle as observed by the micro hardness measurements across the layer and hence chrome‐aluminizing will improve the spoiling resistance of the coatings.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 25 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Article
Publication date: 20 April 2023

Kevin E. Voss

The purpose of this paper is to integrate the findings of articles appearing in European Journal of Marketing’s special section on covariance-based versus composite-based…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to integrate the findings of articles appearing in European Journal of Marketing’s special section on covariance-based versus composite-based structural equations modeling (SEM).

Design/methodology/approach

This is an editorial which uses literature review to draw conclusions regarding areas of agreement, areas for further research, and changing the discussion around composite-based SEM methods.

Findings

There are now four new areas of agreement regarding composite-based SEM. Researchers should adopt a toolbox approach to their methods and know the strengths and weaknesses of the research tools in their toolbox. Partial least squares (PLS) SEM and covariance-based SEM are not substitutes, and it is inappropriate to use the language of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in reporting measurement estimates from PLS SEM. Measurement matters and researchers need to devote effort to using reliable and valid multi-item measures in their investigations.

Originality/value

This postscript article outlines recommendations for authors, reviewers and editors regarding the analysis of data and reporting of results using structural equations models.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 57 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1978

In connection with the launching as a new British Standard of the revised “Code of Practice for Protective Coating of Iron and Steel Structures Against Corrosion”, the Association…

Abstract

In connection with the launching as a new British Standard of the revised “Code of Practice for Protective Coating of Iron and Steel Structures Against Corrosion”, the Association of Metal Sprayers published a “Plain Guide to BS 5493: 1977”. The “Plain Guide” introduces the new Code of Practice to owners and managers of structures, consulting engineers, designers, architects and all specifiers of protective systems for steel; it enables them to take advantage of the wealth of information which has been assembled in BS 5493 and which initially might appear to the engineer not intimately involved in corrosion protection. The Guide, main details of which are published below, charts the way through the Standard and should enable everybody more readily to make full use of the information and advice contained within BS 5493. Full copies of “Plain Guide to BS 5493” can be obtained from the Association of Metal Sprayers, Chamber of Commerce, Ward Street, Walsall WS1 2AG, at a cost of 40p each including postage.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 25 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Article
Publication date: 7 October 2022

Shweta Shweta, Dinesh Kumar and Dheeraj Chandra

One of the most important components of healthcare is the timely delivery of pharmaceutical products, such as life-saving medicines. However, disruptions like COVID-19 bring new…

Abstract

Purpose

One of the most important components of healthcare is the timely delivery of pharmaceutical products, such as life-saving medicines. However, disruptions like COVID-19 bring new challenges and risks to the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) and healthcare organizations that impact their operational performance. This study focuses on mitigating risks in India's generic medicine supply chain (GMSC) as a result of various disruptions, which can assist policymakers develop appropriate plans and strategies to build resilience in the Jan Aushadhi Scheme (JAS) of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in order to improve their overall performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Risk-causing vulnerabilities and resilience capabilities are identified from the literature review and expert's opinions. Following that, the vulnerabilities are classified into cause-and-effect vulnerabilities, and supply chain resilient capabilities (SCRCs) are measured using a hybrid fuzzy DEMATEL and best worst method (FDEMATEL-BMW) framework.

Findings

The outcome of the study reveals that transportation breakdown, loss of human resources and loss of suppliers are the potential risk-causing vulnerabilities that lead to vulnerabilities like shortages of medicines, loss of in-hand stock qualities and loss of sales/revenue. In addition, the analysis suggests that the sustainability of an organization with maximum weightage is the critical factor for building resilience in GMSC followed by flexibility, agility and visibility.

Practical implications

The integration of resilience into Jan Aushadhi GMSC can help in managing disruptions efficiently and effectively to mitigate risk and optimize MSMEs overall performance.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work will be the first of its kind to model resilience in GMSC of MSMEs using a hybrid framework.

Details

Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 30 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-5771

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 30 June 2022

Anna Keune, Kylie Peppler and Maggie Dahn

In contrast to traditional portfolio practices that focus on the individual, this paper aims to reenvision portfolio practices to encompass sociocultural aspects of learning by…

Abstract

Purpose

In contrast to traditional portfolio practices that focus on the individual, this paper aims to reenvision portfolio practices to encompass sociocultural aspects of learning by considering how young makers, both in- and out-of-school, imbue digital cultural practices into the documenting and showcasing of their work, as well as observe the extent to which their portfolios are used to build community inside and outside their local settings.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from a connected learning approach, the authors engaged in qualitative and ethnographic study of youth’s digital maker portfolios in an out-of-school and a school-based makerspace. Through qualitative and thematic coding of portfolio walkthroughs, the authors identified four underlying characteristics within portfolio artifacts (i.e. personal and shared projects) and capturing practices (i.e. personal and shared capturing practices) that differently presented projects.

Findings

The analysis showed that portfolios that included shared productions and shared portfolios (i.e. projects and portfolios contributed to by more than one youth) and that were shared in open-ended ways across communities valued connected learning principles. These connected portfolios made community building within and beyond maker-educational communities of the young makers possible. In particular, openly shared and collaboratively captured work showed individual achievements (e.g. projects and techniques) and made visible connective and social engagement (e.g. opportunities for feedback and refinement, possibilities to narrate work to multiple audiences).

Originality/value

This paper has implications for the design of portfolio assessment in makerspaces and expands the role of portfolios as a way to capture individual and cognitive achievements alone toward connected community-building opportunities for youth as well as maker-centered settings within and beyond the youth’s local maker-centered settings.

Details

Information and Learning Sciences, vol. 123 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-5348

Keywords

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