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This article focuses on university education in innovation. We examine and present a novel system we have developed that is achieving our vision of instantiating a robust education that teaches, develops, and grades innovation in the education system. This paper is discussing a paradigm shift, offering new degrees with a common core focused on innovation, with teams of students learning and practicing the key elements of the innovation process. First we examine the motivation and need for a radically new approach, not a new major or a course, that is based upon a new common core and family of degrees. We describe how we knew that to effectively reach our goals the program had to span across departments, college boundaries, and beyond the very core of the university. Second, we show how in doing so we created a family of degrees that moved us beyond the centuries-old B.S. and B.A. educational constraints with a new, innovative "Bachelor of Innovation^™" (B.I.) family of degrees that includes a core built around multi-disciplinary multi-year innovation partnering with real companies. Lastly we summarize the unique aspects of the program and the rationale behind them, from the 3-year multi-disciplinary team experience to the trademarked name. We present our B.I. program as its own case study in innovation within higher education, reviewing the key challenges we faced so that other innovative institutions and departments may learn from our experience. We conclude with lessons learned and the future of the B.I. family of degrees.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of entrepreneurial activity in the Nordic countries over the period of years 2004-2013 to provide supportive material for the Nordic entrepreneurial policy makers with specific focus on the role of necessity/opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, administrative barriers and the research and development (R&D) sector.

Quantitative study employed panel regression analysis with fixed effects estimator to test the impact of determinants on entrepreneurial activity operationalized as a rate of registered business activity and as an established business ownership rate.

The results obtained for the both dependent variables did not substantially differ from each other or the supported hypothesis stating a positive relationship between unemployment rate, GDP per capita and entrepreneurial activity. Also a negative impact of administrative barriers was found. However, no statistically significant positive impact of the R&D sector was observed.

Nordic entrepreneurial policy makers should put more effort into the reduction of administrative barriers towards founding enterprises and support entrepreneurship during the times of higher unemployment rates. Further evaluation of Nordic R&D policies is strongly needed, since no positive impacts towards entrepreneurship were found.

The empirical analysis was conducted based on the research gap in the studies related to the Nordic entrepreneurial policies and perceived need for the policy recommendations that are provided.

The inscription of Yazd historical fabric in United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) world heritage list has provided the city with the opportunity of international competence and to achieve a global identity. Fahadan is one of the nine historical quarters and the core of formation of the Yazd city. Fahadan is one of the nine historical quarters and the core of formation of Yazd city. The article intends to provide suitable policies for converting it into a sample creative quarter in Yazd historical fabric.

The article benefits from qualitative research and the strategic planning method based on a creative city approach, uses SWOT technique (a technique for finding an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) for situation analysis and the Oregon model for visioning.

Two categories of hard and soft factors play a role in transitioning Fahadan quarter into a creative quarter. By expanding the scope of jobs related to jewelry, and creating its supporting activities in the food and leisure sector, a creative economy can be discovered in Fahadan quarter which alongside reinforcement of unique physical features of the area, forms a creative place. Its goal will be viewed as the place where artisans pave their way for reaching a creative quarter with new management.

The research presents policies to realize soft and hard factors required for creativity in the quarter, and shows step by step a small-scale pattern in the context of urban creativity planning, that can be used in historical fabrics with similar situation.

Building on social media and destination brand-related literature, this study aims to explore World Heritage Sites’ (WHSs) brand diffusion and formation process from long-term and short-term perspectives, which includes brand diffusion, user-generated content (UGC), opinion leaders and brand events’ impact.

This study uses a mixed-method including text mining, keyword analysis and social network analysis to explore the brand formation process of four popular WHSs in Beijing, namely, the Palace Museum, Great Wall, Summer Palace and Temple of Heaven and more than 10,000,000 users’ data on Sina Weibo has been implemented to uncover the underlying social media branding mechanism.

The results show that the number of postings keeps in a stable range in most months, but, in general, there are no common rules for changing trends among the four WHSs; long-term high-frequency keywords related to history and culture account for a higher percentage; different kinds of accounts have varying impacts on information diffusion, in which media accounts lead to a bigger influence. However, more followers do not necessarily mean more interactions and most of the interaction ratio is much lower than 0.01000; brand events facilitate brand dissemination and have an impact on the creation of UGC.

This study is valuable for destination marketers to deeper understand brand diffusion and formation and provides valuable insights for developing effective destination marketing strategies.

Unlike previous studies that only concern a few parts of destination brand formation via social media (e.g. brand diffusion, brand events or opinion leaders’ impact), this study takes a more comprehensive perspective by systematically analyzing the brand formation process of WHSs on social media. By considering both long-term diffusion and short-term representative events, this study provides a more holistic understanding of the branding mechanism.

This paper aims to present the impact of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control frequency for specific Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) on the efficiency of the entire driving unit. Examinations were carried out for a PMSM unit with a power of 1 kW, rated speed of 1,000 rpm, and rated torque of 6 Nm.

The PWM frequency ranged from 4 to 20 kHz with increments of 1 kHz. Measurements were taken for each of the foregoing frequencies, for the different load torques, and for the different rotation speeds including overspeed. The results achieved allow the PWM control frequency to be properly adjusted for each PMSM to operate the entire driving unit in the most efficient way and, in consequence, save energy consumed by the drive.

Obtained results may be used as a kind of background for the design of drive system.

For a specific PMSM-based drive system, one can find the optimal PWM control frequency. This frequency depends on the rotation speed and torque of the motor. However, the validity of the results presented in the paper is limited. They are valid for the specific motor drive under test and cannot be generalized easily.

This work shows that there is some maximal efficiency of the entire system depending on the rotation speed, load torque and switching frequency of the power transistors. For a specific motor working in a certain condition, we can find the minimum power loss.

Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, UNESCO Landscapes and World Heritage sites have faced unstable situations. Both at the sites themselves and in the research centres, universities and even the homes of the people involved, they have acted and responded to the best of their ability. In this context, the aim of the comparative analysis of different cases carried out here is to understand the main effects of the pandemic in the short term. On the one hand, the purpose is to determine what the general response trends have been and, on the other, to measure the resilience capacity in each case.

Up to eight cases studies representing different and diverse kinds of Heritage and Protected Natural sites from Southern Europe and America are compared.

In a context of uncertainty, new responses, unique opportunities and hitherto unseen weaknesses have arisen in research and management of natural and cultural heritage. In general terms, the dialogue between officials, technicians and researchers that have put together this article underlines the need to work towards a governance model that engages everyone in dialogue. Discrepancies between overlapping strategies and plans, which is the main conflict detected, should be avoided while a decentralisation of policies could be more operational. In this sense, situated knowledge may be of help in configuring practical management tools.

This paper compares and contrasts for first time the effects of the pandemic in Europe and Latin America. This exercise has provided a valuable diagnostic for present and future heritage management.

This study aims to provide an overview of the evolution of knowledge on smart destinations and identify the key issues addressed in the smart destination research domain, the main themes and sub-themes and research gaps in smart destination research as well as the future research agenda to address those gaps.

A bibliometric analysis of 409 studies published on smart destinations literature was conducted using the Bibliometrix R-package to provide a comprehensive review of studies published on smart destinations and identify the main research themes, gaps in the literature and future research opportunities.

Based on the research findings, a conceptual model of smart destination research has been proposed. This conceptual model can serve as a foundation for further knowledge generation in this research area. The findings also shed light on future research directions, highlighting research opportunities for the exploitation of cutting-edge innovations and digitalization across various dimensions of smart destinations.

Although past research has paid attention to the theme of smart destinations, this work advances scientific knowledge by providing a foundation for a new smart destination management paradigm focusing on accessibility, sustainability, digitization, experience co-creation and creativity as milestones.

本研究旨在提供关于智慧目的地知识演变的概览, 并确定智慧目的地研究领域中涉及的关键问题、主要主题和子主题, 以及智慧目的地研究的研究空白, 同时提出未来研究议程以填补这些空白。

本研究利用 Bibliometrix R 软件对发表的409篇智慧目的地文献进行了文献计量分析, 以全面回顾关于智慧目的地的研究, 并确定主要研究主题、文献中的空白以及未来的研究机会。

基于研究结果, 本研究提出了智慧目的地研究的概念模型。该概念模型可作为进一步知识生成的基础。研究发现还为未来研究方向提供了启示, 强调了利用先进创新和数字化技术在智慧目的地各个维度上进行研究的机会。

尽管过去的研究关注了智慧目的地的主题, 但本研究通过提出以可达性、可持续性、数字化、体验共创和创意为里程碑的新智慧目的地管理范式, 推进了科学知识的发展。