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The tribological properties of muscovite and its thermal-treated products as lubricant additives in lithium grease were investigated. The effect of thermal temperature on the crystal structure and tribological properties of muscovite was studied. This study aims to explore the tribological mechanism of muscovite and optimize a proper thermal activation temperature, thus further improving the tribological properties.

The crystal structure of muscovite samples was characterized by SEM, TG-DSC, XRD and FTIR. The tribological properties of grease samples were investigated using a four-ball tribotester and the worn surface was analyzed by SEM and EDS.

The excellent tribological properties of muscovite can be ascribed to the layer structure and lubricant film formed on the worn surface. Thermal temperature at 500-600°C increases the surface activity and oxygen releasing capability, and thus favors the formation of lubricant film and accordingly further improves the tribological properties. However, the layer structure is destroyed and hard phases such as alumina and amorphous appear after thermal temperature activated beyond 1000°C, as it results in the aggravation of friction and wear.

To the authors’ knowledge, it is the first to study the effect of thermal temperature on the crystal structure and tribological properties of muscovite. The tribological mechanism of muscovite particle and its thermal-treated products was disclosed.

The paper deals with using lamellar pigments for anticorrosive barrier coatings. By depositing a ferric oxide layer on a muscovite particle a pigment is obtained, which being applied to coatings improves the mechanical properties thereof, resistance to UV radiation and acts as an anticorrosion barrier. The optimum concentration of lamellar surface‐treated muscovite in the coatings amounts to 20 vol. %.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the convergence and divergence aspects of the Russian modernisation experience of c.1450–c.1600 and its role in both Russian history and management history.

This study combines in-depth data collection from multiple sources such as Russian Chronicles, eyewitness accounts (mostly by foreigners) and papers in history and management. The applied methodology also includes an examination of Ivan III’s modernisation initiative and its implementation in c.1450–c.1600. The analysis is conducted with an eye to understanding the extent to which Russian experiences converged or diverged from those found in Western Europe.

Russian modernisation is usually associated with Peter the Great. Early initiatives, such as those that occurred in Russia between 1462 (the ascent of Ivan III) and 1606 (the Time of Troubles) are overlooked. This paper, however, argues that without these earlier modernisation efforts Russia would not have survived as a country. Given the central role that Russia has played in European and world history, and understanding of this period is key to comprehending the modern world and global systems of management.

This paper seeks to understand a decisive period in Russian history and Russian management, highlighting the extent to which Russian experiences both diverged and converged with those found in Western Europe.

The paper helps us to understand both the successes and problems of Russian management since the 15th century.

To the best of author’s knowledge, this study is the first to consider Russian modernisation during the period c.1400–c.1600 with an eye to current debates in convergence/divergence theory.

Studies the effects of non‐isometric pigments on the anticorrosion properties of coating films. The optimum concentrations for using iron mica, muscovite, and graphite have been determined. The results obtained on using the natural iron mica are compared to those obtained with a synthetic product. As binders for the coatings epoxy resin, polyurethane and alkyd resins were used. The results allow the conclusion that on the pigmentation with iron mica the protection function of top coatings against the corrosive media can be considerably increased.

To synthesise anticorrosion pigments of a lamellar and core‐shell type based on Zn, Ca and Mg ferrites for metal protecting paints.

The anticorrosion pigments were synthesised from oxides or carbonates at high temperature. The pigments synthesised had particles with a pronounced lamellar‐tubular shape consisting of MgFe₂O₄; Mg_0.8Zn_0.2Fe₂O₄; Mg_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄; Mg_0.4Zn_0.6Fe₂O₄; Mg_0.2Zn_0.8Fe₂O₄; ZnFe₂O₄; Ca_0.2Zn_0.8Fe₂O₄; and CaFe₂O₄. The other type of synthesised ferrite pigments were core‐shell anticorrosion pigments where a layer corresponding to the compositions including MgFe₂O₄/KAl₃Si₃O₁₁; Mg_0.8Zn_0.2Fe₂O₄/KAl₃Si₃O₁₁; Mg_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄/KAl₃Si₃O₁₁; Mg_0.4Zn_0.6Fe₂O₄/KAl₃Si₃O₁₁; Mg_0.2Zn_0.8Fe₂O₄/KAl₃Si₃O₁₁; ZnFe₂O₄/KAl₃Si₃O₁₁; Ca_0.2Zn_0.8Fe₂O₄/KAl₃Si₃O₁₁; and CaFe₂O₄/KAl₃Si₃O₁₁ was applied onto the core – white mica – by a chemical reaction. The pigments prepared were characterised by means of X‐ray diffraction analysis, particle size distribution measurement, and scanning electron microscopy. The anticorrosion pigments synthesised were used to formulate alkyd paints that were tested in corrosion atmospheres.

Lamellar particles were detected in the pigments prepared, whereas quality coverage of the core was identified in the core‐shell ferrites. Good anticorrosion efficiency was detected in all of the pigments synthesised.

The pigments synthesised can be conveniently utilised in paints to protect metal bases from corrosion.

The method of using the ferrites synthesised as metal protecting anticorrosion paints is new. Of great benefit are the application and the method of synthesising the anticorrosion pigments that do not contain any heavy metals and are environmentally friendly.

Contrary to the view that the subsistence economy is some minor residue persisting in only a few peripheral enclaves of modern economies, the purpose of this paper is to begin to chart the importance and prevalence of subsistence work across the contemporary economic landscape and the reasons underpinning engagement in this form of non‐commodified labour.

To do so, the extent of, and reasons for, subsistence production amongst those living in contemporary Moscow is evaluated using face‐to‐face interviews with 313 households in affluent, mixed and deprived districts.

It was found that subsistence work is a ubiquitous phenomenon which is relied on heavily by Muscovite households. Until now, those participating in such subsistence work have been portrayed either as rational economic actors, dupes, seekers of self‐identity, or simply doing so out of necessity or choice. Rather than depict one as correct and the others as invalid, this survey inductively generates a theoretically‐integrative approach which differentiates between “willing” (rational economic actors, choice, identity seeking) and “reluctant” (economic and market necessity, dupes) participants in subsistence production.

The paper examines only one city. Further research is now required into the extent of, and reasons for, subsistence production in the rest of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as beyond.

This is one of the first papers to identify and explain the ubiquitous persistence of subsistence work in contemporary economies.

The purpose of this study is to examine the role and influence of online reviewers’ cultural traits and perceived experience on online review ratings of Russian hotels by taking a direct measurement approach.

The authors adopt an explanatory sequential research design consisting of two stages. In the first stage, based on a sample of almost 75,000 Booking.com online reviews covering hotels located in Moscow (Russia), this study examines quantitatively to what extent the cultural traits of online reviewers and hotel guests’ perceived experience in online reviewing affect online ratings also using censored regressions. In the second stage, it interprets the results in light of semi-structured interviews conducted with a convenience sample of managers.

Each of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (namely, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and power distance) exerts a significantly negative influence on the hotel online ratings. More specifically, the higher the levels of individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and power distance, the lower the hotel’s online ratings. Reviewers’ perceived experience in online reviewing is negatively related to online ratings.

The study’s findings bear relevant practical implications for hotel managers and online platform managers in countries that are not typically covered by online consumer behavior studies in hospitality such as Russia. From a theoretical viewpoint, this study contributes to cultural studies in hospitality management and marketing with a further development of the nascent research stream taking a direct measurement approach to the study of cultural influences on consumers’ behaviors. Furthermore, this study offers a better and in-depth understanding of the role of cultural traits on electronic word of mouth, as well as international market segmentation theory in online settings.

The conjoint exploration of the effects of cultural differences and perceived experience in online reviewing adds to the nascent research stream taking a direct measurement approach to the study of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on online consumers’ behaviors. The authors make multiple theoretical and methodological contributions, highlighting that online hospitality customers cannot be considered as one homogeneous mass. Instead, the application of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions allows identifying distinctively different online behaviors across international online customers: different online customer groups can be clustered into segments, as they display different online behaviors and give different online evaluations.

The historian can provide quite a different explanation, other than the currently held views, for the emergence of the Red Terror in 1918.

The purpose of this paper is to study the susceptibility to corrosion processes of X60, X65 and X70 steels immersed in sand-clay soil with pH 3.0, using electrochemical techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Natural acidic soil sample was collected as close as possible to buried pipes (1.2 m in depth) in a Right of Way from south of Mexico. Both steels and soil were characterized through SEM and XRD. Then, open circuit potential was recorded for all steels exposed to soil at different exposure times. Thus, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was traced, and anodic polarization curves were obtained.

The steel corrosion processes started when the active sites were exposed to natural acidic soil. However, corrosion rates decreased for three steels as immersion time increased, obtaining the highest corrosion rate for X60 steel (0.46 mm/year for 5 h). This behavior could be attributed to corrosion products obtained at different exposure times. While, 5 h after removing corrosion products, X65 steel was more susceptible to corrosion (1.29 mm/year), which was corroborated with EIS analysis. Thus, corrosion products for the three steels exposed to natural acidic soil depended on different microstructures, percentage of pearlite and ferrite phases, in which different corrosion processes could occur. Therefore, the active sites for carbon steel surfaces could be passivated with corrosion products.

The paper identifies the any implication for the research.

Some anodic peaks could be caused by metallic dissolution and was recorded using high positive polarization (high field of perturbation). In addition, the inductive effects and diffusion process were interpreted at low frequency ranges using EIS. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD), acidic soil had Muscovite containing aluminum and iron phases that were able to generate hydrogen proton at the presence of water; it might be promoted at the beginning of deterioration on low carbon steels. Steel surface cleaning after removing corrosion products was considered to study the possible diffusion phenomena on damaged steel surfaces using EIS.