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The purpose of this paper is to provide a tutorial and survey on recent advances in multimedia networking from an integrated perspective of both video networking and building digital video libraries. The nature of video networking, coupled with various recent developments in standards, proposals and applications, poses great challenges to the research and industrial communities working in this area.

This paper presents an insightful analysis for recent and emerging multimedia applications in digital video libraries and on video coding standards and their applications in digital libraries. Emphasis is given on those standards and mechanisms that enable multimedia content adaptation fully interoperable according to the vision of Universal Multimedia Access vision.

The tutorial helps elucidate the similarities and differences among the considered standards and networking applications. A number of research trends and challenges are identified, and selected promising solutions are discussed. This practice would needle further thoughts on the development of this area and open-up more research and application opportunities.

The paper does not provide methodical studies of networking application scenarios for all the discussed video coding standards and Quality of Service (QoS) management mechanisms.

The paper provides an overview of which technologies/mechanisms are being used broadly in networking scenarios of digital video libraries. The discussed networking scenarios bring together video coding standards and various emerging wireless networking paradigms toward innovative application scenarios.

QoS mechanisms and video coding standards that support multimedia applications for digital video libraries need to become well-known by library managers and professional associations in the fields of libraries and archives. The comprehensive overview and critiques on existing standards and application approaches offer a valuable reference for researchers and system developers in related research and industrial communities.

This paper aims to provide an overview of representative multimedia applications in the cultural heritage sector, as well as research results on quality of service (QoS) mechanisms in internet protocol (IP) networks that support such applications.

The paper's approach is a literature review.

Cultural heritage multimedia applications require greater bandwidth capacity, especially where multiple users share the connections. For such applications, scalability and reliability of quality of service depend on packet‐level QoS mechanisms operating in a full end‐to‐end basis.

The paper provides a foundation for future research directions in the professional communication context. For instance, the QoS mechanisms in possible network infrastructures could be used to explore effective multimedia data dissemination across cultural heritage institutions.

The paper provides an overview of which technologies/mechanisms are being used most broadly and which might provide the most potential for cultural heritage institutions managers considering experimenting in the multimedia communications area.

QoS mechanisms that support multimedia applications in the cultural heritage sector need to become well known by cultural heritage institutions managers and professional associations in the fields of libraries, museums and archives. This paper provides a useful overview of the topic.

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) is expected to be a key technology for future network. The multimodal information along with very low-cost availability of the camera sensor nodes is promoting the extensive use of audio, image and video in various real-time implementations. The purpose of this paper is to study various routing issues and the effect of mobility on existing solutions for the applications in future internet.

This paper conducts a survey of the various methodologies for routing and the vital issues in the design of routing protocols for WMSN, and it also discusses about the effect of mobility on various routing methodologies of WMSN. WMSN ubiquitously performs data acquisition, processing and routing for scalar and multimedia data in a mobile environment. The routing protocols should be adaptive in nature and should have a dynamic approach to service effectively for future network. Many authors proposed the mobility of sink to improve lifetime of the network. This paper discusses some effective approaches for the network where not only the sink node but also some of the sensor nodes are mobile.

During the survey, the performance and lifetime of the network are discussed, other parameters like delay, packet loss, energy consumption and simulators used for implementation are also discussed.

The techniques in this paper represent a considerable solution for mobility issues in future internet applications.

This paper asks the reader to consider future information retrieval services that return multimedia documents containing any combination of text, graphics, still raster images, audio, and motion video in response to user queries. It then argues that the emergence of generally available multimedia information services depends on four things: (1) close to ubiquitous high‐bandwidth networks; (2) inexpensive user appliances capable of handling multimedia; (3) adoption of standards for representation, compression, packaging and transport of multimedia information; and (4) development of a corpus of multimedia information and associated infrastructure for organizing and searching it. After some explanation, it asserts that the first three are already happening and expresses reserved optimism about the fourth.

Against the backdrop of recent developments in multimedia and information technology (IT), video‐based information networks being constructed on a platform chiefly composed of the two core technologies of video terminals and ISDN are gaining worldwide recognition through the deployment of videophones, videoconferencing systems, and digital network ISDN technology. New forms of virtual community based on interactive, virtual communication continue to be fashioned, particularly in relation to the promotion of IT in regions of Japan. This paper points out that in the future, video‐based information networks will be an important platform for creating new regional‐level virtual communities to further regional invigoration.

Energy consumption is a fundamental concern in wireless multimedia sensor networks, even more than that in traditional wireless sensor networks. In fact, sensors are battery‐constrained devices, while multimedia applications, which require higher transmission rates and more extensive processing capacity, produce large quantities of data. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method which could save multimedia nodes' energy during their sleeping and transmitting phases and effectively bring down energy consumption.

Based on the location and direction angle of nodes, areas of the overlapping sensing region between adjacent nodes could be calculated and a sleeping strategy is carried out to reduce energy consumption of inactive nodes. Moreover, an improved image comparison and block transmission methods by utilizing the sequence similar detection arithmetic theory is brought up as well to further save the node's energy.

With the help of the mobile nodes and by dividing the network into grids, sensing direction of multimedia node as well as the area of the overlapping sensing region could be obtained which provide a basis for the sleeping strategy. Furthermore, energy consumption on transmission is also reduced by only transmitting the unmatched blocks. Simulation results show that this method obtains satisfactory performance on prolonging the networks' lifetime.

This paper is of value in presenting an effective energy‐saving strategy for wireless multimedia sensor networks.

Moi University must successfully manage change in order to improve institutional performance, ease of communication and the management of knowledge and information. To this end, information technology (IT) can be of great use, particularly regarding access to, and facilitation of the transfer of, knowledge and information. Clearly, Moi University must use IT to its full potential as it has invested heavily in IT for its strategic objectives. Evidence of this can be seen in the areas of library services, faculty activities, central services and administration and management operations. This paper focuses on improving information management and communication based on the new generation of multimedia computer packages within an academic institutional environment. It is therefore argued that a management information system designed for Moi University needs to reflect the organizational objectives and current multimedia technologies in order to remain strategically important. This paper then examines the potentiality or utility of integrated IT at the disposal of Moi University.

For the last few years, the videoconferencing system market represented by multimedia technology has enjoyed strong growth in Japan. Behind the recent upturn in this market was the strategic alliance of NTT, Japan’s largest telecommunications carrier, and PictureTel of the USA, followed by the birth of business communities centered around or outside NTT, thus intensively creating and boosting a new market referred to as video communication. This article reviews the challenges that faced NTT, one of the big businesses in Japan, followed by PictureTel and other players within and outside NTT, all of which were lined up to create various strategic business communities. The article gives careful consideration to the measures taken by these players who achieved success in such a way as to alter employee consciousness, vitalize organizational morale, entrench the new NTT “Phoenix” brand (videoconferencing system) in the Japanese market and create an emergent video network market.

New application types such as distributed multimedia applications have to provide a certain quality of service (QoS) to the users. Since they handle time‐critical information such as audio and video data, they need appropriate support from the system components and especially from the network. New protocols and mechanisms have been developed over recent years to offer integrated services by serving both discrete media data (such as text and graphics) and continuous‐media data (i.e. audio and video) in digital networks. Internet and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) are the main players in this area and both possess QoS architectures which allow them to integrate services of data‐ and tele‐ communications formerly performed by separate infrastructures. We believe that both will co‐exist for a significant amount of time, potentially complemented by other, perhaps simpler, approaches which are currently under investigation, such as differentiated services. Therefore, an interaction between these two architectures is necessary. In this paper, we discuss interaction approaches for the QoS architectures developed for the Internet and for ATM. We base this description on requirements and scenarios of multimedia applications and on the possible communication patterns considering different topological variants for heterogeneous Internet‐ATM networks.

For the various cyber businesses of the future based on the Internet, multimedia and other new electronic fields, business organization styles, management methods and the distribution of management resources must be re‐structured to accommodate the transformation of the business environment. This article examines the case of a virtual education business in Japan, which has recently been garnering attention as a knowledge‐based business that utilizes multimedia, networks, etc. It considers how Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Japan’s largest telecommunications carrier, created business communities based on strategic partnerships with various customers, and how then, through customer value creation‐model businesses based on knowledge innovation within these communities, it created a new virtual education business.