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One of the novel concepts in the management literature is intimate co-creation. Considering it as the outcome of workplace persuasion, this study examines its effect via team-member exchange and ethical climate for the assessment of multigroup analysis. Finding a relationship among variables is not the core objective of the study. The core objective was to assess multigroup analysis for examining measurement scales' uniformity or perceptual differences across the male and female groups using measurement invariance.

This was a quantitative study for a survey of faculty members from the top 10 Pakistani universities. It employed state-of-the-art statistical techniques, including the application of the foundational social exchange theory and the utilization of multigroup analysis in structural equation modeling (SEM) with the Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS). The research methodology was designed to investigate the relationships between workplace persuasion, ethical climate, team member exchange and intimate co-creation. A specific emphasis was placed on assessing whether gender influences these relationships consistently across male and female groups, as determined by measurement invariance tests.

This study underscores the significant impact of ethical persuasion in the workplace on enhancing intimate co-creation among individuals, offering invaluable insights for organizational leaders. Importantly, it emphasizes that gender dynamics do not influence this relationship, underscoring the imperative of addressing gender-related workplace issues to optimize intimate co-creation. This holds particular relevance for service-based organizations, such as universities in this case.

This study makes a significant contribution by exploring the concept of intimate co-creation within the realm of organizational science, while also highlighting the crucial importance of considering workplace gender dynamics. It offers fresh insights into how these dynamics influence group creativity, guiding human resource practices toward fostering innovation within gender-inclusive workplaces. These insights gain added relevance in the evolving post-COVID-19 era and in the context of AI integration. Notably, a distinctive contribution of this study to social exchange theory lies in its innovative application of multigroup analysis to variables related to gender.

The development of Information Systems (IS) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is offering new opportunities for businesses to implement promotion strategies focused on customer attraction and retention. In this sense, mobile coupon usage has increased as a promotion tool, especially in the fast-food sector. However, the use by consumers of these coupons is not homogeneous and it is conditioned by prior experience. Thus, this study aimed to examine variations between Fast Food Restaurant (FFR) customers based on their prior experiences with the use of mobile coupon (expert vs novice users).

A sample of 400 fast-food customers was collected using a structured questionnaire. In order to compare the proposed relationships between expert and novice users, a multigroup approach was applied through new, recently proposed evaluation procedures designed for PLS–SEM.

The results show that the two groups of consumers (expert vs novice users) have notable differences regarding the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. This relationship was the strongest in both groups. However, there are no differences found in other aspects considered as antecedents to mobile coupons usage, for instance, usage intention and attitude.

This work emphasises the importance of considering differences based on experience between mobile coupon users. Ease of use, perceived consumer utility and increased mobile coupons in apps can be the key to driving effective business strategies based on promotional tactics by FFRs. Likewise, this study can help other researchers in their empirical applications of PLS–SEM analysis.

This study is the first to provide an in-depth analysis of differences based on users' experience with mobile coupons at FFRs. It is innovative in its introduction of the consumer's coupon proneness variable.

As mobile augmented reality (AR) games enter the maturity stage, understanding how to improve players’ continuance use intention with mobile AR games is critical. Drawing upon the uses and gratifications (U&G) theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of four major gratifications – content, process, social and technology – and other factors on continuance intention to play mobile AR games.

Data collected from 280 Pokémon Go players were used to address research questions. Partial least squares method was employed to assess the relationships in the model and multigroup analysis was conducted based on survey participants’ demographics and their gaming experience.

Content gratification (i.e. catching Pokémon), process gratification (i.e. entertainment), game knowledge and achievement drive players’ continuance use intention. However, social and technology gratifications do not influence players’ continuance use intention. Multigroup analysis suggests that mobile AR game developers should capitalize on the fact that different types of gratifications prompt continuance use intention of different user segments in terms of demographics and experience in general mobile games and Pokémon Go.

The user behavior of mobile AR games has been studied at the early stage of the games, with less attention to variable continuance use intentions across different user segments. This paper attempts to fill the gap by extending the U&G theory to continuance use intention of mobile AR games at the maturity stage and further investigating the importance of player heterogeneity in continuance use intention with mobile AR games. The findings of this study contribute to the literature on U&G, continuance use intention and mobile AR games.

This study investigates the determinants of students’ intention to major in accounting (IMA) in pre-recessionary, recessionary, and post-recessionary time periods. By examining four factors (perceived professional ethics (PE), job market consideration (JMC), social influence (SI), and self-efficacy (SE)) in accordance with the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we address two primary research questions. The first question concerns whether the four factors are related to students’ IMA before, during, and after the recession. The second deals with whether there is a shift in the relative importance of the factors between the pre-recessionary, recessionary, and post-recessionary periods. We use structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis of structural invariance to analyze these issues. The results show that all four factors have significant structural weights in each period, with the exception of perceived PE in the pre-recessionary period. In terms of students’ IMA over the three periods, perceived PE, JMC, and SI become factors of greater importance during the recessionary and post-recessionary periods, while SE decreases in relative importance.

This study aims to examining how tourists’ activities condition the relationship between destination image, satisfaction and loyalty.

This study used a constructive replication design (CRD) to investigate the alleged critical role of tourism activities in impacting the tourism experience dimensions of image, satisfaction and loyalty. The CRD approach does not include new concepts or original relationships. However, what is new in the established relationship between image, satisfaction and loyalty is discerning the role of tourism activities as a moderator conditioning the relationship between the three dimensions. The purpose is to establish the external validity of previous studies’ findings through a more stringent test of the findings’ replicability. The analysis used partial least square modeling to examine the relationship between activities, dimensions and multigroup analysis to estimate potential significant differences in group-specific parameters, which are not often used in destination analysis, ensuring rigor in the data analysis and model. The number and type of activities practiced moderate the relationships between these constructs.

The results indicate that tourists’ type and several destination activities moderate the relationship between tourists’ satisfaction, perceived image and loyalty. The results also suggest that the more destination activities tourists practice, the greater is their satisfaction. These two theoretical propositions put activities at the center of destination management and marketing and identify potential experiential consumption spheres. The analysis of activities’ central role is a productive research field.

This study made several recommendations to destination managers to increase activities participation such as strategic marketing opportunities, expansion of the activities portfolio with sports, wellness, nature based and life observation wildlife, voluntary and educational activities, revamping of the UNESCO heritage site and festivals. This study also recommended a strategic use of technology for information dissemination, the design of a daily activity agenda based on the identified segments’ activity patterns and a destination one-stop online travel shopping.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to apply the tourism activity-based approach to examine actual tourist behavior regarding their engaged activities instead of their experience or perceptions with those activities in a small island destination. Another contribution lies in examining if tourists’ type and activity engagement moderate the relationship between tourists’ satisfaction, perceived image and loyalty. This paper requires researchers to consider tourism activities’ impact on tourists’ image, satisfaction and loyalty.

小型海岛旅游目的地的旅游活动, 形象, 和旅客的满意度和忠诚度

本案例研究考察了旅游活动如何影响目的地形象、游客满意度和忠诚度之间的关系。

本研究采用建设性复制设计 (CRD) 来分析旅游活动在影响目的地形象、游客满意度和忠诚度等三个旅游体验维度起到的关键作用。 CRD 方法并没有引进新概念或关系。然而, 本研究新颖的地方在于认证旅游活动在目的地形象、游客满意度和忠诚度三个维度之间建立的调节关系。该研究通过严格测试研究结果的可复制来建立先前研究的外部有效性。该分析使用 PLS建模 和多组分析（MGA）来检验旅游活动和旅游体验的多维度之间的关系和估计特定组参数的潜在显著差异。 这些参数在目的地研究中不常使用, 从而确保我们数据分析和模型的严谨性。该研究结果表明旅游活动的数量和类型调节了这些旅游体验维度的关系。

研究结果表明游客的类型和某些旅游活动调节了游客满意度、目的地形象和忠诚度之间的关系。结果还表明, 游客参与的活动越多, 他们的满意度就越高。这两个研究结果确定了旅游活动在目的地管理和营销的中心地位, 同时也指出了潜在体验消费的范围。研究目的地活动的核心作用将会是一个富有成效的领域。

本研究首次应用基于旅游活动的理论方法 (TAB) 来检查旅客在小型海岛旅游目的地的实际行为, 而不是他们的体验或看法。本研究的另一个贡献在于检验游客的类型和活动参与是否会调节他们满意度、感知目的地形象和忠诚度之间的关系。该论文结果表明未来的研究需要考虑旅游活动对目的地形象、游客满意度和忠诚度的影响。

本研究向目的地管理人员提出了几项建议以提高旅游活动的参与度, 例如战略营销机会、扩大运动、康养、大自然和野生动物观摩的活动组合、志愿和教育活动、和改善联合国教科文组织遗产地和节日。该研究还建议战略性地使用技术进行信息传播, 根据确定的细分市场活动模式设计游客日常活动议程, 以及目的地一站式在线旅游购物。

Este caso de estudio examina cómo las actividades de los turistas condicionan la relación existente entre la imagen del destino, la satisfacción y la fidelidad.

El estudio empleó una replicación constructiva para investigar el supuesto papel crítico de las actividades turísticas en el efecto de la imagen, satisfacción y lealtad de los turistas en su experiencia turística. El enfoque usado no incluye nuevos conceptos ni relaciones originales. Sin embargo, lo novedoso de la relación establecida entre imagen, satisfacción y fidelidad es discernir el papel de las actividades turísticas como moderadoras condicionando la relación entre las tres dimensiones. El propósito es establecer la validez externa de los resultados de estudios previos a través de una prueba más estricta sobre la replicabilidad de dichos resultados. El análisis utilizó un modelo PLS para examinar la relación entre las actividades, las dimensiones mencionadas y el análisis multigrupo con el objetivo de estimar las posibles diferencias significativas entre los parámetros de cada grupo, método no se utiliza con frecuencia en el análisis de destinos turísticos, lo que garantiza el rigor de nuestro análisis y del modelo. El número y tipo de actividades practicadas moderan las relaciones entre los constructos.

Los resultados indican que el tipo de turistas y las diversas actividades del destino moderan la relación entre la satisfacción, la imagen percibida y la lealtad de los turistas. Los resultados también sugieren que cuantas más actividades del destino sean practicadas por los turistas, mayor es su satisfacción. Estas dos propuestas teóricas sitúan las actividades en el centro de la gestión y el marketing de destinos e identifican esferas potenciales de consumo experiencial. El análisis del papel central de las actividades es un campo de investigación en auge.

Este estudio es el primero en aplicar el enfoque basado en actividades turísticas para analizar el comportamiento del turista con respecto a las actividades realizadas en relación con su experiencia o percepciones con esas actividades en un destino insular pequeño. Otra contribución radica en estudiar si el tipo de turista y su compromiso con la actividad moderan la relación entre la satisfacción de los turistas, la imagen percibida y la fidelidad. El estudio sugiere que los investigadores deben considerar el impacto de las actividades turísticas en la imagen, satisfacción y fidelidad de los turistas.

El estudio realiza varias recomendaciones a los administradores de destinos para aumentar la participación en actividades, como oportunidades de marketing estratégico, expansión de la cartera de actividades con deportes, bienestar, observación de la vida y la naturaleza basada en la naturaleza, actividades voluntarias y educativas, renovación del sitio del patrimonio de la UNESCO y festivales. El estudio también recomendó un uso estratégico de la tecnología para la difusión de información, el diseño de una agenda de actividades diarias basada en los patrones de actividad de los segmentos identificados y una ventanilla única de viajes en línea.

The purpose of the current research was to examine the different relationships between individuals' sense of community in sport (SCS) cultivated by participating in local sport leagues, social support and health-related psychological outcomes (i.e. depressive symptoms and happiness) based on the participants' involvement level in the tennis league.

Using participants (n = 150) from local tennis leagues in the Southeastern region of the USA, the authors first conducted an instrument validation procedure to assess the psychometric properties of the included measures, and second, the authors analyzed the proposed multigroup moderated-mediation structural model using component-based partial least squares structural equation modeling with SmartPLS 3 (Ringle et al., 2015).

The results provide adequate evidence of reliability and validity for both the included reflective and formative constructs. Further, the findings of the proposed moderated-mediation structural model indicated that SCS was positively and significantly associated with social support and happiness while negatively related with depressive symptoms. Social support only mediated the relationship between SCS and happiness. The multigroup analysis results showed significant differences in the relationship between social support and happiness between the least involved group and more involved groups.

The findings of this study indicated that SCS experienced through participation in local sport leagues can develop both the extent and quality of supportive social relationships with other engaging members. One conclusion from the findings is recognizing a need to develop interventions to enhance SCS, social support and health-related psychological outcomes through local sport league participation.

The study aims to develop a holistic model identifying the constructs that impact customer loyalty in retail banking and introduce product type as a moderating variable to the model.

A conceptual model of customer loyalty is introduced and empirically tested with 416 valid samples obtained from Australian retail banking customers. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling and multigroup analysis.

This study confirms the moderating effect of high- and low-involvement products on the relationship between customer loyalty and satisfaction, trust, service quality, commitment and perceived value. Surprisingly, the effect of satisfaction on loyalty was much stronger with low-involvement product types and the effect of commitment on loyalty was much stronger with customers who utilise high-involvement products.

The study uses a sample population in Australia who utilise one of the top four banks and investigates three product types. Further research could expand the product selection and include customers who use credit unions and other banks not in the top four categories.

This study is the first to confirm the moderating effect product type has on the customer loyalty relationship in retail banking in regard to high- and low-involvement product categories. The research provides a deeper understanding of the factors that influence customer loyalty and identifies which types of products influences customer loyalty the most. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of understanding the different needs and priorities of customers using different product types in order to effectively influence their loyalty.

This article aims to propose guidelines to develop moderation hypotheses, assess moderators using the multigroup analysis and interaction effect approaches and interpret the results of moderation analysis in tourism and hospitality research.

Through a review of 600 articles published in top tourism and hospitality journals from the year 2016 to 2020, and reviewing the literature related to moderation analysis, this study identifies key issues in different steps of moderation analysis and proposes robust guidelines to aid future research.

The results of the systematic review uncovered some key issues in different steps of moderation analysis, such as hypothesis development, moderation assessment and results interpretation. The findings emphasized the typical methodological misconceptions and improper practices for moderation analysis.

Moderation analysis is of great significance to the advancement of theory, and its application has increased significantly in recent years. However, many studies appear to have a limited understanding of moderation analysis and follow questionable practices regarding hypothesis development, moderation assessment and results interpretation, thus leading to suspicious conclusions for theory advancement. By highlighting these methodological issues, this article provides robust guidelines for moderation analysis, which is of great theoretical and methodological significance to the academic research in tourism and hospitality.

As one of the first studies to provide robust guidelines for moderation analysis, based on a critical and systematic review of papers published in top-tier journals in tourism and hospitality and the latest developments on moderation analysis in the wider literature, this article has important theoretical and methodological significance for the academic research in tourism and hospitality as well as general social science disciplines.

Driven by the disruptive effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, the ongoing debate about the international location of firms' manufacturing activities has increasingly highlighted the specific benefits and costs of near-shoring versus far-shoring. However, the effects of near-shoring versus far-shoring on customer perceived quality and purchase intention have not been examined. Thus, this study aims to develop a conceptual model and provide new evidence to fill this gap. In particular, the study explores the roles of brand familiarity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) to explain the different levels of perceived quality and purchase intention in relation to near-shoring versus far-shoring.

This study includes two analyses of data collected from a sample of Italian customers. The first analysis consists of a 2 (high/low brand familiarity) × 3 (domestic insourcing, near-shoring, far-shoring) factorial design, and data are assessed via analyses of variance (ANOVA). The second analysis evaluates the suggested model in the two scenarios (near-shoring and far-shoring) via partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) multigroup analysis.

Results showed that customer perceived quality and purchase intention were significantly higher for near-shoring than for far-shoring, but only when brand familiarity was low. No significant difference was found for participants with a high level of brand familiarity. In addition, the level of a brand's pre-offshoring perceived CSR was negatively related to perceived quality, and this was conceptually justified by the CSR-washing effect. Again, this effect was found only when brand familiarity was low.

The findings contribute to advancing the current understanding of the multiple effects of the offshoring decision and clarify that near-shoring and far-shoring have different effects for customers with low brand familiarity. The findings also emphasise that the far-shoring decision can elicit the perception of decoupling between the firm's CSR claims and CSR actions, thus decreasing perceived quality.

This study provides managers with additional inputs to make more informed decisions regarding offshoring. While the post-pandemic scenario seems to favour near-reshoring over far-shoring due to agility considerations, this study also provides additional evidence of the superiority of near-reshoring from the customer's perspective.

This is the first study to examine and prove the differential effects of near-shoring versus far-shoring on the customer's perceptions and behaviours.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumer-based brand authenticity (CBBA) on customer satisfaction (CS) and brand loyalty (BL). The moderating effect of the variable “alternative attractiveness” in the relationship between CS and BL was further investigated. The study compared and analyzed the difference between global sportswear brands and domestic ones and the difference between global chocolate brands and domestic ones in terms of CBBA, CS, BL and attractiveness of alternatives (AA).

Structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis were conducted in order to analyze the data collected from 600 consumers via face-to-face survey.

The results showed that quality commitment and heritage-sincerity, which are subdimensions of CBBA, had a significant positive effect on CS. Additionally, both of them affected CS differently in the comparison of the global brands with the domestic ones. Furthermore, CS had a significant positive effect on BL, and AA had a negative effect on BL.

This study deepens the insights into the effects of antecedents of CBBA on CS and BL, enhancing the research with quantitative analysis through two different product groups. The study provides important cues on which antecedents of CBBA help to strengthen the authenticity of brands of Turkish and global origin, and also differs in that it examines to what extent the effect of CBBA on CS and BL varies across global and domestic brands.