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This paper studies the formation and management of an international entity for promoting the provision of global public goods in a setup of international treaties on concessions and reservations. Based on the so-called Vienna Convention by which there can be a discrepancy between the original treaty obligation and the ratified one in the multi-lateral treaty implementation, we construct two-stage mechanisms for international treaties on global public goods; the concession stage and the ratification stage with reservations. We explicitly analyze the optimal reservation levels from the optimal mechanism when the countries face asymmetric information on the preference parameters to global public goods. Specifically, we characterize the environments where the optimal mechanism with dominant-strategy incentive-compatibility and ex-post participation- constraint in the literature of mechanism design exists. The result shows that the sophisticatedly calculated transfers in the principal of quid pro quo control the international concessions and reservations.

The paper seeks to address the problems facing securities regulators arising from the internationalisation of markets by considering the efficacy of three means of effecting international uniformity or harmonisation of the substantive rules of law for securities and their enforcement. These are multilateral arrangements, bilateral arrangements and mutual recognition and harmonisation of securities laws. In doing so, the paper examines a number of current arrangements for international cooperation on securities regulation and enforcement, in particular Australia's use of MOUs and its adaptation of the Corporations Law.

This paper aims to analyse the extent to which the financial investigation function of an intergovernmental organisation (IGO) may be considered in policing terms, with a view to categorising it in relation to existing paradigms, while acknowledging the IGO’s unique context, in which it enjoys autonomy through various privileges and immunities.

This paper describes and analyses the internal investigation function of IGOs, drawing on practitioner experience as well as mandates, resolutions and reviews from the intergovernmental sector, before making comparisons with policing typologies.

Notwithstanding their expansion into inquiries of non-financial misconduct, IGO investigation offices are the primary means of addressing financial wrongdoing affecting their organisations. Comparisons are drawn with both the corporate policing role inherent in other employment-based organisations and with public policing as a function of the state. It is found that these two paradigms are insufficient to categorise policing within the unique context of the IGO, which has hybrid features of both.

In comparing IGO investigation alongside existing policing paradigms, this paper lays a foundation for further research into the accountability models applicable to this policing function.

This paper discusses the emergence of a form of policing with hybrid features of both internal corporate policing and state law enforcement and contributes to a field that is largely unaddressed in existing research.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of jurisdictional conflict on the internationalization of firms with internet – focused strategies – in both the physical and virtual environments.

This paper examines this new phenomenon in the international legal environment through the analysis of Yahoo!'s website internationalization and a review of American cyberlaw jurisprudence.

This paper suggests that firms with Internet‐focused strategies are aware of the asymmetries in the application and enforcement of extraterritorial judgments, and use these asymmetries as a component of their website internationalization strategy. This paper also suggests that previous calls for the regulation of cyberspace, which are based only on an analysis of the virtual environment, may provide misleading conclusions regarding the operation of international jurisdictional conflict.

This is a nonquantitative analysis and scope‐limited to American law.

The paper contain practical and actionable information, and suggests framework for future quantitative and nonquantitative research.

This is the only paper, known to the author, to investigate cyberspace jurisprudence using theories from Law and International Business.

This paper aims to evaluate the use of Intelligence gathering, especially the exercise of customer due diligence (CDD), enhanced due diligence (EDD), know your customer (KYC) and recordkeeping as effective anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CTF) measures. It re-appraises the risk of breach of privacy associated with recordkeeping of clients’ information in countries where there are no data protection laws and the role of the EGMONT group against the backdrop of the recent suspension of Nigeria from the group; it argues that, in view of other existing liberal punitive measures, suspending a developing nation like Nigeria by the EGMONT group (arising from a rigid demand for an autonomous financial intelligence unit (FIU)) is draconian and counterproductive. Finally, it argues that the fundamental needs and challenges of developing member states of the EGMONT group, particularly members that are battling with weak and non-transparent investigation process and terrorism require, inter alia, technical and manpower assistance to disrupt financial crime and financing of terrorism.

A doctrinal approach is utilised to analyse AML and CTF from the social and historical perspectives. A comparative analysis of international control of money laundering and terrorist financing, appraising the challenges of developing member states in complying with the Financial Action Task Force regulations and the principles of the Egmont group.

There are liberal punitive measures than suspension which the EGMONT group could apply when dealing with developing members of the group, especially on the issue of rigid demand for an autonomy of a national FIU. The fundamental needs and challenges of developing member states of the Egmont group, particularly members that are battling with weak and non-transparent investigation process and terrorism require, inter alia, technical and manpower assistance to disrupt financial crime and financing of terrorism.

The paper queries the appropriateness of the decision to suspend Nigeria by the Egmont group for failure to comply with its policy autonomy of its FIU when there are other liberal disciplinary measures that could have been applied. And, it suggests the need to lay more emphasis on technical assistance for member states to achieve the objectives of the group.

This chapter explores the trajectories of higher education expansion and its political and social conditions in seven countries, namely China, Japan, Germany, Qatar, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States of America.

The analysis relies on longitudinal and cross-sectional data gleaned from the World Higher Education Database, UNESCO, and the OECD.

The countries have seen remarkable higher education expansion in the 20th century in terms of enrollments and the foundings of universities, with particularly strong growth in the immediate post-WWII period and since 1990. For the particular case of STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, mathematics), the chapter shows that in those higher education systems in which growth took off relatively late, universities oriented toward the STEM fields are more dominant than in those with a longer history. Countries with a more recent HE system stress technological development more than those that look back on multiple centuries of HE expansion with their canonical legacies.

Comparing these highly dissimilar countries nevertheless reveals important common patterns, and the variable paces of higher education expansion can be explained by national, social, and political factors driving the institutionalization of higher education and research.

There is evidence of emerging silos separating research and practices in heritage. Creating spaces where researchers and practitioners collaborate and learn from their exchanges is therefore needed. This premise was the foundation of the pilot phase for the World Heritage Leadership Heritage Place Lab that allowed eight teams from different geocultural contexts to come together to develop research agendas. This paper provides observations about how these agendas relate to key strands in critical heritage research globally. It complements the other papers in this Special Issue that describe the case studies in detail.

A keywords approach has been used to identify areas where shared research agendas can advance both heritage practices and academic interest in the field of heritage studies. This was based on the observations made by the author during the pilot phase of the Heritage Place Lab and the research agendas produced by the research-practice teams. The approach is exploratory and experimental, inviting other contributions.

Twenty keywords are identified and explored via both academic literature and the research priorities identified by the research-practice teams that participated in the pilot.

A keywords approach is relatively untested in the field of heritage studies. Recognizing that commonly-used terms (or words) have fluid meanings across disciplines and practices potentially opens new dimensions to the dialogue between heritage practitioners and researchers.

US intellectual property (IP) is a key target of numerous other countries and individuals. Of specific interest to outsiders are technological resources. Illegally transferring information can range from the extreme of the often‐glamorized international espionage to the more traditional and common gathering of competitive intelligence (CI). This paper will review the key issues in the illegal transference of information technologies from the USA, will outline the role of other countries involved, and will discuss the impact on key, targeted industries. In particular the illegal attempts to procure key intellectual properties from technology firms will be discussed. In addition, the paper will distinguish between corporate intelligence, espionage, and economic espionage.

The purpose of this paper is to comment on “Global implication of the indigenous epistemological system from the East: How to Apply yin-yang balancing to paradox management” by Li (2016). As a pioneer in developing indigenous Chinese management theories, Li has been focused on extracting essential principles of the Chinese yin-yang philosophy and applying them to organization and management phenomena within and outside China (Li, 1998, 2012, 2014a, b). In this paper (Li, 2016), Li sharpens his thinking on the unique attributes of the Chinese yin-yang balancing perspective so as to both distinguish it from and connect it to Western Aristotelian and Hegelian philosophies in regard to contradictions and paradoxes that are increasingly more prevalent in contemporary organizations. The author found Li’s paper thought provoking and highly relevant to cross-cultural management research. The author reflects on the yin and yang of the yin-yang perspective itself and discusses how it can be extended for theorizing about cross-cultural or inter-cultural management research.

Applying yin-yang dialectics on the East-West cultural differences, this commentary contends that the strengths and weaknesses of the cultural mindsets of the East and the West are relative and potentially complementary to each other, and seeks to balance and integrate Eastern and Western perspectives for theorizing and tackling cultural differences and conflicts in a globalized world.

On the basis of yin-yang dialectics on cultural differences, a communitarianism model is proposed for cross-cultural researchers to balance and integrate individualism and collectivism, a well-established East-West cultural difference.

The theoretical model of communitarianism builds upon but transcends either Eastern or Western cultural differences toward a viable global value system.