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Article
Publication date: 23 February 2015

Suprava Chakraborty and Rajesh Kumar

The power output of Photo-voltaic modules is generally rated at STC (Standard Test Condition), 1000W/m2 irradiance, 25°C temperature and 1.5G Air Mass. But in actual field…

Abstract

The power output of Photo-voltaic modules is generally rated at STC (Standard Test Condition), 1000W/m2 irradiance, 25°C temperature and 1.5G Air Mass. But in actual field condition the situation is different from STC. Output of PV module is a function of Irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed and module temperature. It is well established that power output of PV module decreases with increase of module temperature. So it is important to know the temperature of PV module to determine the reduction in power output due to temperature. Module temperature can be determined if irradiance at that instant and NOCT value of that module is known. This work presents the variation in NOCT value with respect to rated power output of PV module and comparison of NOCT values for same rated power mono and multi crystalline Si modules from various manufacturers. According to this study NOCT value increases with the wattage of PV module. For same rated power modules, NOCT value of mono crystalline Si is more than multi crystalline Si.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 12 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 October 2018

Susan Liscouet-Hanke, Arash Shafiei, Luiz Lopes and Sheldon Williamson

This paper aims to analyze the viability of a solar power system as a supplemental power source for commercial and business aircraft.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the viability of a solar power system as a supplemental power source for commercial and business aircraft.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a model is established to estimate the potential available power from suitable aircraft surfaces for various meteorological conditions, ground and flight mission characteristics. A proposed aircraft system architecture and an associated parametric conceptual sizing model are presented. This supplemental solar power system sizing model is integrated into an aircraft multidisciplinary design optimization environment to evaluate the aircraft-level impact on mission fuel burn. A parametric study for a business jet aircraft is performed to analyze various solar cell types and power densities for converters. Trade-off studies are performed between efficiency and weight.

Findings

Considering today’s efficiency and power-to-weight ratio of the system components, overall fuel burn reduction can be achieved. Therefore, the technology development work can start now to target short to mid-term applications. In addition, promising system integration scenarios are identified, such as the use of solar power for autonomous operation of the air conditioning system on ground, which yield potential further benefit. In conclusion, a supplemental solar power system seems a promising candidate for more efficient aircraft operation.

Originality/value

The presented novel supplemental solar power system architecture concept and its foreseen aircraft integration show potential benefits for near term applications. The results show that the break even for this technology is already reached and therefore build the foundation to further investigate the technology integration challenges. Clear directions for future research and development are outlined enabling the advancement of the technology readiness level.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 90 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1991

E.F. CHOR and L.S. TAN

The effects of polysilicon emitter on the high frequency performance of bipolar transistors have been investigated numerically. The presence of polysilicon grain boundaries was…

Abstract

The effects of polysilicon emitter on the high frequency performance of bipolar transistors have been investigated numerically. The presence of polysilicon grain boundaries was found to slow down the response of the device. This resulted in a lower fT for polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors with a clean polysilicon/ monocrystalline silicon interface compared to conventional transistors with an identical emitter‐base junction depth. The interfacial oxide layer that could exist at the polysilicon/monocrystalline silicon interface can, depending on the relative thickness of the polysilicon and monocrystalline silicon emitter regions, either improve or deteriorate the high frequency performance of the device. For a monocrystalline silicon emitter region that is much thinner than the polysilicon emitter region, the lower the tunnelling probability of the interfacial oxide layer the better is the improvement in fT. However, if the thickness of the monocrystalline silicon emitter region is made larger with respect to the polysilicon emitter region, the converse can be true.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 10 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Article
Publication date: 20 June 2019

Barbara Swatowska, Piotr Panek, Dagmara Michoń and Aleksandra Drygała

The purpose of this study was the comparison and analysis of the electrical parameters of two kinds of silicon solar cells (mono- and multicrystalline) of different emitter…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was the comparison and analysis of the electrical parameters of two kinds of silicon solar cells (mono- and multicrystalline) of different emitter resistance.

Design/methodology/approach

By controlling of diffusion parameters, silicon mono- (Cz-Si) and multicrystalline (mc-Si) solar cells with different emitter resistance values were produced – 22 and 48 Ω/□. On the basis of current-voltage measurements of cells and contact resistance mapping, the properties of final solar cells based on two different materials were compared. Additionally, the influence of temperature on PV cells efficiency and open circuit voltage (Uoc) were investigated. The PC1D simulation was useful to determine spectral dependence of external quantum efficiency of solar cells with different emitter resistance. The silicon solar cells of 25 cm2 area and 240 µm thickness were investigated.

Findings

Considering the all stages of cell technology, the best structure is silicon solar cell with sheet resistance (Rsheet) of 45-48 Ω/□. Producing of an emitter with this resistance allowed to obtain cells with a fill factor between 0.725 and 0.758, Uoc between 585 and 612 mV, short circuit current (Isc) between 724 and 820 mA.

Originality/value

Measurements and analysis confirmed that mono- and multicrystalline silicon solar cells with 48 Ω/□ emitter resistance have better parameters than cells with Rsheet of 22 Ω/□. The contact resistance is the highest for mc-Si with Rsheet of 48 Ω/□ and reaches the value 3.8 Ωcm.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 36 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 23 March 2022

Alessandro Premier, Ali GhaffarianHoseini and Amirhosein GhaffarianHoseini

This research is focused on solar-powered (smart) urban furniture, and it is aimed at providing a classification of it and to understand the main problems related to the adoption…

Abstract

Purpose

This research is focused on solar-powered (smart) urban furniture, and it is aimed at providing a classification of it and to understand the main problems related to the adoption of these devices and where future design-led research should focus.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology involved a selection of international case studies in important urban contexts focussing on three main aspects: architectural integration, context sensitivity and system visibility of photovoltaic (PV) technologies applied to smart urban furniture.

Findings

The preliminary results indicate that potential limits to the application of these technologies are urban morphology and lack of design of some solutions.

Research limitations/implications

This research is focused on solar-powered (smart) urban furniture. Further investigation on built case studies may lead to a better understanding of the efficiency of the smart urban furniture and their appreciation by the people.

Practical implications

This study can be useful to understand the potential use and customization of these products in New Zealand.

Social implications

In Auckland’s central business district, these tools can be useful to help homeless people to recharge their phones and offer access to free Wi-Fi. Energy generation can be useful also for providing temporary heating during winter and so forth.

Originality/value

Design proposals and research highlight public benefits of smart urban furniture without considering aspects like their integration with the surrounding context. This is also the first study that identifies lack of design in some of the solutions available in the market.

Details

Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2046-6099

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 April 2008

L.S. Chuah, Z. Hassan and H. Abu Hassan

This paper aims to report on the use of radio frequency nitrogen plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE) to grow high‐quality n‐type In0.47Ga0.53N/GaN on Si(111) substrate…

1975

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to report on the use of radio frequency nitrogen plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE) to grow high‐quality n‐type In0.47Ga0.53N/GaN on Si(111) substrate using AlN as a buffer layer.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural analyses of the InGaN films were performed by using X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and Hall measurement. Metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) photodiode was fabricated on the In0.47Ga0.53N/Si(111) films. Electrical analysis of the MSM photodiodes was carried out by using current‐voltage (IV) measurements. Ideality factors and Schottky barrier heights for Ni/In0.47Ga0.53N, was deduced to be 1.01 and 0.60 eV, respectively.

Findings

The In0.47Ga0.53N MSM photodiode shows a sharp cut‐off wavelength at 840 nm. A maximum responsivity of 0.28 A/W was achieved at 839 nm. The detector shows a little decrease in responsivity from 840 to 200 nm. The responsivity of the MSM drops by nearly two orders of magnitude across the cut‐off wavelength.

Originality/value

Focuses on III‐nitride semiconductors, which are of interest for applications in high temperature/power electronic devices.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 25 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 November 2021

Dayanand Bhaurao Jadhav and Rajendra D. Kokate

Renewable energy alternatives and nanoscale materials have gained huge attention in recent years due to the problems associated with fossil fuels. The recyclable battery is one of…

Abstract

Purpose

Renewable energy alternatives and nanoscale materials have gained huge attention in recent years due to the problems associated with fossil fuels. The recyclable battery is one of the recent developments to address the energy requirement issues. In this work, the development of nanoscale materials is focused on using green synthesis methods to address the energy requirements of hybrid electric vehicles.

Design/methodology/approach

The current research focuses on developing metal oxide nanoscale materials (NANO-SMs). The Zno-Aloe vera NANO-SM is prepared using the green synthesis method. The developed nanoscale materials are characterized using analysis methods like FESEM, TEM, XRD and FTIR.

Findings

The average size of ZnO-Aloe vera mono-crystalline was recorded as 60–70 nm/Hexagonal shape. The nanoscale materials are used for the detection of LPG gases. The sensitivity observed was 48%. The response time and recovery time were recorded as 8–10 s and 230–250 s, respectively. The average size of SnO2-green papaya leaves poly-crystalline was recorded as 10–20 nm/powder form.

Originality/value

Nanoscale materials are developed using green synthesis methods for hybrid vehicle applications. The nanoscale materials are used for the detection of harmful gases in hybrid vehicles.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2049-6427

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 28 January 2014

Kazimierz Drabczyk and Piotr Panek

The paper aims to present results of investigations carried out on the front electrode of the solar cell. The front-side electrode for solar cells based on crystalline material is…

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to present results of investigations carried out on the front electrode of the solar cell. The front-side electrode for solar cells based on crystalline material is obtained by the screen printing method. Screen printing has been the prevailing method of electrode deposition because of its low cost. One of the ways to improve the cell efficiency and reduce the production costs is a further refinement of the metal electrode screen printing process.

Design/methodology/approach

The researches were focused on the modification of mechanical parameters of screen printing process to ensure the best possible cross-section of the front electrode geometry. The main printing process parameters were constant, however, the print speed was variable. The obtained fine line of front contact was characterized morphologically – the dimension and geometry of the front contact cross-section – by scanning electron microscopy technique.

Findings

The thin paths of 100 μm in width were screen printed applying a new silver-paste made by Du Pont. The printing speed has significant effect on print quality in the way that the lower speed enhanced the printed results.

Research limitations/implications

For newest pastes (e.g. PV17D) influence of screen printing parameters on the front metallic electrodes geometry of solar cell is not so significant. Presented screen printing process can still give good results, but the further optimization for the new paste must be performed to achieve better cross-section geometry.

Originality/value

This paper confirms that one-step screen printing process can still give good results. The screen printed thin paths of 100 μm in width have good cross-section aspect ratio.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 40 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1982

Edgar S. Lower

Aluminium stearate is a fine, bulky, odourless and colourless powder forming a plastic mass when heated, having the properties both of organic and inorganic matter. It embraces…

Abstract

Aluminium stearate is a fine, bulky, odourless and colourless powder forming a plastic mass when heated, having the properties both of organic and inorganic matter. It embraces most of the characteristics of other metallic stearates and is regarded as the most important of these. Several studies of the material have already appeared in past years.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Article
Publication date: 28 January 2014

Kazimierz Drabczyk, Robert Socha, Piotr Panek and Grzegorz Mordarski

– The paper aims to show application of the electrochemically deposited coatings for thickening of the screen printed electric paths potentially applied in photovoltaic cells.

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to show application of the electrochemically deposited coatings for thickening of the screen printed electric paths potentially applied in photovoltaic cells.

Design/methodology/approach

The electric paths were screen printed with the use of silver-based paste. The paths were thickened by electrodeposition of thin copper layer in potentiostatic regime from surfactant-free plating bath. The morphology and surface quality of the paths were studied by imaging with scanning electron microscopy.

Findings

The electric paths can be thickened successfully, but quality for the screen printed substrate determines quality of deposited layer. The EDX analysis confirmed that the deposited copper layer covered uniformly the printed paths.

Research limitations/implications

The adhesion of the copper-covered path to the silicon wafer surface depends on adhesion of the original screen printed path.

Originality/value

This paper confirms that electrodeposited copper can be applied for screen printed silver paths thickening in a controllable way.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 26 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

Keywords

1 – 10 of 34