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1 – 10 of 34Suprava Chakraborty and Rajesh Kumar
The power output of Photo-voltaic modules is generally rated at STC (Standard Test Condition), 1000W/m2 irradiance, 25°C temperature and 1.5G Air Mass. But in actual field…
Abstract
The power output of Photo-voltaic modules is generally rated at STC (Standard Test Condition), 1000W/m2 irradiance, 25°C temperature and 1.5G Air Mass. But in actual field condition the situation is different from STC. Output of PV module is a function of Irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed and module temperature. It is well established that power output of PV module decreases with increase of module temperature. So it is important to know the temperature of PV module to determine the reduction in power output due to temperature. Module temperature can be determined if irradiance at that instant and NOCT value of that module is known. This work presents the variation in NOCT value with respect to rated power output of PV module and comparison of NOCT values for same rated power mono and multi crystalline Si modules from various manufacturers. According to this study NOCT value increases with the wattage of PV module. For same rated power modules, NOCT value of mono crystalline Si is more than multi crystalline Si.
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Susan Liscouet-Hanke, Arash Shafiei, Luiz Lopes and Sheldon Williamson
This paper aims to analyze the viability of a solar power system as a supplemental power source for commercial and business aircraft.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the viability of a solar power system as a supplemental power source for commercial and business aircraft.
Design/methodology/approach
First, a model is established to estimate the potential available power from suitable aircraft surfaces for various meteorological conditions, ground and flight mission characteristics. A proposed aircraft system architecture and an associated parametric conceptual sizing model are presented. This supplemental solar power system sizing model is integrated into an aircraft multidisciplinary design optimization environment to evaluate the aircraft-level impact on mission fuel burn. A parametric study for a business jet aircraft is performed to analyze various solar cell types and power densities for converters. Trade-off studies are performed between efficiency and weight.
Findings
Considering today’s efficiency and power-to-weight ratio of the system components, overall fuel burn reduction can be achieved. Therefore, the technology development work can start now to target short to mid-term applications. In addition, promising system integration scenarios are identified, such as the use of solar power for autonomous operation of the air conditioning system on ground, which yield potential further benefit. In conclusion, a supplemental solar power system seems a promising candidate for more efficient aircraft operation.
Originality/value
The presented novel supplemental solar power system architecture concept and its foreseen aircraft integration show potential benefits for near term applications. The results show that the break even for this technology is already reached and therefore build the foundation to further investigate the technology integration challenges. Clear directions for future research and development are outlined enabling the advancement of the technology readiness level.
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The effects of polysilicon emitter on the high frequency performance of bipolar transistors have been investigated numerically. The presence of polysilicon grain boundaries was…
Abstract
The effects of polysilicon emitter on the high frequency performance of bipolar transistors have been investigated numerically. The presence of polysilicon grain boundaries was found to slow down the response of the device. This resulted in a lower fT for polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors with a clean polysilicon/ mono‐crystalline silicon interface compared to conventional transistors with an identical emitter‐base junction depth. The interfacial oxide layer that could exist at the polysilicon/mono‐crystalline silicon interface can, depending on the relative thickness of the polysilicon and mono‐crystalline silicon emitter regions, either improve or deteriorate the high frequency performance of the device. For a mono‐crystalline silicon emitter region that is much thinner than the polysilicon emitter region, the lower the tunnelling probability of the interfacial oxide layer the better is the improvement in fT. However, if the thickness of the mono‐crystalline silicon emitter region is made larger with respect to the polysilicon emitter region, the converse can be true.
Barbara Swatowska, Piotr Panek, Dagmara Michoń and Aleksandra Drygała
The purpose of this study was the comparison and analysis of the electrical parameters of two kinds of silicon solar cells (mono- and multicrystalline) of different emitter…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was the comparison and analysis of the electrical parameters of two kinds of silicon solar cells (mono- and multicrystalline) of different emitter resistance.
Design/methodology/approach
By controlling of diffusion parameters, silicon mono- (Cz-Si) and multicrystalline (mc-Si) solar cells with different emitter resistance values were produced – 22 and 48 Ω/□. On the basis of current-voltage measurements of cells and contact resistance mapping, the properties of final solar cells based on two different materials were compared. Additionally, the influence of temperature on PV cells efficiency and open circuit voltage (Uoc) were investigated. The PC1D simulation was useful to determine spectral dependence of external quantum efficiency of solar cells with different emitter resistance. The silicon solar cells of 25 cm2 area and 240 µm thickness were investigated.
Findings
Considering the all stages of cell technology, the best structure is silicon solar cell with sheet resistance (Rsheet) of 45-48 Ω/□. Producing of an emitter with this resistance allowed to obtain cells with a fill factor between 0.725 and 0.758, Uoc between 585 and 612 mV, short circuit current (Isc) between 724 and 820 mA.
Originality/value
Measurements and analysis confirmed that mono- and multicrystalline silicon solar cells with 48 Ω/□ emitter resistance have better parameters than cells with Rsheet of 22 Ω/□. The contact resistance is the highest for mc-Si with Rsheet of 48 Ω/□ and reaches the value 3.8 Ωcm.
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Alessandro Premier, Ali GhaffarianHoseini and Amirhosein GhaffarianHoseini
This research is focused on solar-powered (smart) urban furniture, and it is aimed at providing a classification of it and to understand the main problems related to the adoption…
Abstract
Purpose
This research is focused on solar-powered (smart) urban furniture, and it is aimed at providing a classification of it and to understand the main problems related to the adoption of these devices and where future design-led research should focus.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology involved a selection of international case studies in important urban contexts focussing on three main aspects: architectural integration, context sensitivity and system visibility of photovoltaic (PV) technologies applied to smart urban furniture.
Findings
The preliminary results indicate that potential limits to the application of these technologies are urban morphology and lack of design of some solutions.
Research limitations/implications
This research is focused on solar-powered (smart) urban furniture. Further investigation on built case studies may lead to a better understanding of the efficiency of the smart urban furniture and their appreciation by the people.
Practical implications
This study can be useful to understand the potential use and customization of these products in New Zealand.
Social implications
In Auckland’s central business district, these tools can be useful to help homeless people to recharge their phones and offer access to free Wi-Fi. Energy generation can be useful also for providing temporary heating during winter and so forth.
Originality/value
Design proposals and research highlight public benefits of smart urban furniture without considering aspects like their integration with the surrounding context. This is also the first study that identifies lack of design in some of the solutions available in the market.
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L.S. Chuah, Z. Hassan and H. Abu Hassan
This paper aims to report on the use of radio frequency nitrogen plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE) to grow high‐quality n‐type In0.47Ga0.53N/GaN on Si(111) substrate…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to report on the use of radio frequency nitrogen plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE) to grow high‐quality n‐type In0.47Ga0.53N/GaN on Si(111) substrate using AlN as a buffer layer.
Design/methodology/approach
Structural analyses of the InGaN films were performed by using X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and Hall measurement. Metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) photodiode was fabricated on the In0.47Ga0.53N/Si(111) films. Electrical analysis of the MSM photodiodes was carried out by using current‐voltage (I‐V) measurements. Ideality factors and Schottky barrier heights for Ni/In0.47Ga0.53N, was deduced to be 1.01 and 0.60 eV, respectively.
Findings
The In0.47Ga0.53N MSM photodiode shows a sharp cut‐off wavelength at 840 nm. A maximum responsivity of 0.28 A/W was achieved at 839 nm. The detector shows a little decrease in responsivity from 840 to 200 nm. The responsivity of the MSM drops by nearly two orders of magnitude across the cut‐off wavelength.
Originality/value
Focuses on III‐nitride semiconductors, which are of interest for applications in high temperature/power electronic devices.
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Dayanand Bhaurao Jadhav and Rajendra D. Kokate
Renewable energy alternatives and nanoscale materials have gained huge attention in recent years due to the problems associated with fossil fuels. The recyclable battery is one of…
Abstract
Purpose
Renewable energy alternatives and nanoscale materials have gained huge attention in recent years due to the problems associated with fossil fuels. The recyclable battery is one of the recent developments to address the energy requirement issues. In this work, the development of nanoscale materials is focused on using green synthesis methods to address the energy requirements of hybrid electric vehicles.
Design/methodology/approach
The current research focuses on developing metal oxide nanoscale materials (NANO-SMs). The Zno-Aloe vera NANO-SM is prepared using the green synthesis method. The developed nanoscale materials are characterized using analysis methods like FESEM, TEM, XRD and FTIR.
Findings
The average size of ZnO-Aloe vera mono-crystalline was recorded as 60–70 nm/Hexagonal shape. The nanoscale materials are used for the detection of LPG gases. The sensitivity observed was 48%. The response time and recovery time were recorded as 8–10 s and 230–250 s, respectively. The average size of SnO2-green papaya leaves poly-crystalline was recorded as 10–20 nm/powder form.
Originality/value
Nanoscale materials are developed using green synthesis methods for hybrid vehicle applications. The nanoscale materials are used for the detection of harmful gases in hybrid vehicles.
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Kazimierz Drabczyk and Piotr Panek
The paper aims to present results of investigations carried out on the front electrode of the solar cell. The front-side electrode for solar cells based on crystalline material is…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to present results of investigations carried out on the front electrode of the solar cell. The front-side electrode for solar cells based on crystalline material is obtained by the screen printing method. Screen printing has been the prevailing method of electrode deposition because of its low cost. One of the ways to improve the cell efficiency and reduce the production costs is a further refinement of the metal electrode screen printing process.
Design/methodology/approach
The researches were focused on the modification of mechanical parameters of screen printing process to ensure the best possible cross-section of the front electrode geometry. The main printing process parameters were constant, however, the print speed was variable. The obtained fine line of front contact was characterized morphologically – the dimension and geometry of the front contact cross-section – by scanning electron microscopy technique.
Findings
The thin paths of 100 μm in width were screen printed applying a new silver-paste made by Du Pont. The printing speed has significant effect on print quality in the way that the lower speed enhanced the printed results.
Research limitations/implications
For newest pastes (e.g. PV17D) influence of screen printing parameters on the front metallic electrodes geometry of solar cell is not so significant. Presented screen printing process can still give good results, but the further optimization for the new paste must be performed to achieve better cross-section geometry.
Originality/value
This paper confirms that one-step screen printing process can still give good results. The screen printed thin paths of 100 μm in width have good cross-section aspect ratio.
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Aluminium stearate is a fine, bulky, odourless and colourless powder forming a plastic mass when heated, having the properties both of organic and inorganic matter. It embraces…
Abstract
Aluminium stearate is a fine, bulky, odourless and colourless powder forming a plastic mass when heated, having the properties both of organic and inorganic matter. It embraces most of the characteristics of other metallic stearates and is regarded as the most important of these. Several studies of the material have already appeared in past years.
Kazimierz Drabczyk, Robert Socha, Piotr Panek and Grzegorz Mordarski
– The paper aims to show application of the electrochemically deposited coatings for thickening of the screen printed electric paths potentially applied in photovoltaic cells.
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to show application of the electrochemically deposited coatings for thickening of the screen printed electric paths potentially applied in photovoltaic cells.
Design/methodology/approach
The electric paths were screen printed with the use of silver-based paste. The paths were thickened by electrodeposition of thin copper layer in potentiostatic regime from surfactant-free plating bath. The morphology and surface quality of the paths were studied by imaging with scanning electron microscopy.
Findings
The electric paths can be thickened successfully, but quality for the screen printed substrate determines quality of deposited layer. The EDX analysis confirmed that the deposited copper layer covered uniformly the printed paths.
Research limitations/implications
The adhesion of the copper-covered path to the silicon wafer surface depends on adhesion of the original screen printed path.
Originality/value
This paper confirms that electrodeposited copper can be applied for screen printed silver paths thickening in a controllable way.
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