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The purpose of this paper is to measure the thermal and moisture resistance of the knitted upper fabrics with the foot model, which provided basis for designing and producing sports shoes with thermal-moisture comfort.

In this paper, different yarn materials and fabric stitches were selected as the changing factors. The three kinds of yarn materials and the three kinds of fabric stitches were combined to design and weave eight pieces of knitted upper fabrics. Human sweating was simulated by the thermal-moisture comfort foot model, and then tested the thermal and moisture resistance of eight pieces of fabrics in different parts of the foot. Finally, the relationship between yarn material, fabric stitch, and the thermal and moisture resistance in different parts of the foot was analyzed by data.

The composition of the yarn material and fabric stitch has certain effect on the thermal-moisture comfort in different sections of the foot. When the yarn material of the four parts of the lateral arch, medial arch, ankle and heel is composed of 31.1tex moisture wicking polyester/33.3tex spandex coated yarn, the yarn material of the instep and toes is composed of 31.1tex ordinary polyester/33.3tex spandex coated yarn, and all parts of fabric stitch choose single-sided loop transfer stitch, the knitted sports shoes have the best thermal-moisture comfort.

The study used the thermal-moisture comfort foot model to simulate the human body metabolism and sweating system. Through the quantitative analyze of the thermal and moisture resistance of knitted upper fabrics to provide basis for the producers to design and product knitted sports shoes with good thermal-moisture comfort.

This paper aims to examine the influence of hip protective clothing on ensemble performance attributes related to thermal comfort. It also explores the effect on protective pads of various materials and the arrangements of material. The thermal comfort characteristics are thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance.

For this research, four ensembles of clothing were used: one ensemble without hip protective clothing and three ensembles with hip protective clothing. A thermal manikin was used to test the thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the ensembles.

The findings revealed that incorporating hip protective clothing into the clothing ensembles influenced the thermal resistance and moisture vapour resistance of the ensemble. In the “all zones group,” the influence of the hip protective clothing depended on clothing style, with hipster-style clothing producing insignificant changes. In the “hip zones group” and “stomach and hip zones group,” hip protective clothing strongly influenced the thermal comfort attributes of ensembles. Pad material and volume play important roles in these changes in thermal comfort attributes.

These outcomes are useful for the design and engineering of hip protective clothing, where maximizing protection while minimizing thermal and moisture vapour resistance is critical for wear comfort and adherence in warm or hot conditions. The designer should consider that material, volume and thickness of protective pad affect the overall thermal comfort attributes of the hip protective clothing.

Impermeability tests had been carried out to compare the moisture resistance of two wood finish paints available on the Cameroonian market. Two types of paints had been used namely, an oil‐based paint and an emulsion paint, both manufactured in Cameroon by SMALTO Company. It appeared that the oil‐based paint gave better protection to wood in wet environments, areas with strong pluviometry (where the quantity of humidity in the air is very high). The emulsion paint was found to be suitable for use for interior decorative purpose. It was suggested that a glycerophthalic lacquer could be used for wood finishing in areas subjected to the emissions of water vapour or requiring frequent washing (bathroom, kitchen, WC, etc.). In addition, the number of coating layers should be increased to enhance the moisture resistance of such paint films.

The paper aims to describe the various moisture loads affecting conformal coatings. It also seeks to differentiate these from dewing. In the case of dewing, osmotic processes may trigger completely different chemical‐physical processes on the electronic assemblies.

Numerous test methods are available to verify the climatic resistances of conformal coatings. Focussing on moisture load and dewing, the different types of load are discussed and illustrated by means of examples.

The tests performed to ascertain the temperature and moisture load of conformal coatings show that under these high loads the electrical functional reliability is maintained. Thus, impacts of the individual process steps can be examined and assessed by means of moisture and insulation measurements.

Utilising different stress evaluations the described tests demonstrate the qualities of conformal coatings for electrical assemblies. Prospective tests for the purpose of lacquer and process qualification are presented.

The physical‐chemical load types with their consequences on conformal coatings for the protection of electrical assemblies are described.

Natural good-quality sources of aggregates are depleting, whereas large amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is produced annually. Safe disposal and use of RAP in the cold in-place recycling (CIR) using foamed bitumen could be sustainable approach where milling and mixing operations are accomplished simultaneously. This will not only help in minimizing contamination (probability) and transportation cost but also reduces the carbon footprints. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the scope of RAP utilization up to 100% and further its effect on the behavior of reclaimed asphalt foamed bituminous mix.

Reclaimed asphalt foamed bituminous mix (FBM) is still a new technique. The evidence of performance of 100% recycled pavement (CIR) is only anecdotal and lacks in systematic guidelines and literatures. Foam binder coating around the aggregates is also a concern. Therefore, this study is mainly emphasized to investigate the scope of RAP use in the FBM up to 100%. RAP content is varied in each trial, i.e. 70, 85, 100 and 0% (only fresh aggregates), to make the FBM. RAP use and its effect on the behavior of FBM in terms of resilient modulus, variation in resilient modulus with curing, rutting performance and the potential of resistance against the moisture damage are addressed.

Considering the laboratory studies, it can be accomplished that mechanistic properties and performance of FBM are largely influenced by RAP material and portray less susceptible characteristics against the moisture damage. FBM containing 70% RAP content exhibits maximum resilient modulus. However, use of RAP up to 100% in FBM is satisfying the minimum required specification.

Overall, the study may be helpful to highway professionals and could generate another possible option of 100% RAP replacing fresh aggregates in the flexible pavements.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate moisture problems and defects which have been caused by condensation in historic buildings. Emphasis has been put on finding condensation possibility on the external walls and inside temperature and humidity.

A third-part study including survey method to identify moisture problems and exhaustion, then determining indoor and outdoor temperature and relative humidity in a two-part survey within four days periods, and finally computer modeling and simulation to finding condensation possibility in the building walls by WUFI and THERM software.

Results indicated that the case study has serious defects and almost 7.5°C differences (Δt) and about 6 percent relative humidity differences (Δh) between indoor and outdoor temperature, and from analyzing computer simulations, condensation risk occurrence between wall layers is witnessed. Also this study shows that some climatic methods applied by traditional architects despite enhancing thermal comfort have caused damages and defects to the building envelope and structure. In this paper, the authors suggest a method to reduce condensation possibility by active ventilation for reducing temperature differences.

While there is a lock of technical researches and investigations about architectural heritages conservation, this study tries to perform a technical research and filling the gaps in this subject area.

Plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packages are non‐hermetic surface mount packages, designed in response to market demands for cost‐effective, high I/O count, small footprint, and low profile components. Because of the materials and construction, PBGA packages can be vulnerable to failure mechanisms associated with exposure to temperature and humidity. In some applications, conformal coating has been used as a potential means to mitigate these problems by enhancing moisture ingress resistance. This study focused on the ability of two popular kinds of conformal coatings to protect PBGA packages from moisture‐induced failures. As part of the study, PBGA packages with and without conformal coatings were subjected to moisture ingress, moisture desorption and unbiased high temperature high humidity tests. The principal failure mechanisms observed were delamination and cracking in the packages. Although it was observed that parylene coating did slow down the moisture ingress, the high temperature high humidity tests did not demonstrate that two tested conformal coatings had significant protection against moisture‐induced failures for PBGA packages.

This paper aims to present comfort properties of bamboo-silk and cotton-silk Kota Doria fabrics.

Two types of Kota Doria fabrics were manufactured: one from the mixture of silk and bamboo yarns and the other from the mixture of cotton and silk yarns. Air permeability, thermal resistance and moisture management properties were determined.

Air permeability of bamboo-silk fabric was higher than that of cotton-silk fabric, whereas thermal resistance was less. Moisture management of both the fabrics was almost the same.

Novel epoxy formulations have been developed for microelectronic packaging applications. The resin compositions are based on cycloaliphatic esters and proprietary epoxies, which possess excellent thermal and electrical stability. The key features of these materials are short cure cycle, long‐term stability at 25°C, very low cure volatile, low moisture absorption, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and excellent adhesion to various substrates. In addition, the change in CTE below and above the glass transition temperature of the polymers is minimal. This unique behaviour is attributed to the interpenetrating network‐like (IPN) structure of the base resin composition. Further evidence of the IPN structure is the broad loss modulus and tan δ observed between −150°C and +150°C in dynamic mechanical tests. The extensive curing reaction yields a high crosslink density polymer network, resulting in good moisture resistance (<0.2% after 14 days in 85°C/85%RH) and thermal stability (<0.3 wt % at 300 °C of the cured material). The extent of cure has been studied in a dynamic scanning calorimeter (DSC) by following the extent of post‐cure exotherm. Both in the accelerated and non‐accelerated systems, the curing is complete in a single step with no post curing required. Cure cycles used range from 1 hour at 140°C to about 1 minute at 170°C. Currently, cure stresses, fracture toughness (bulk and interfacial), fatigue life, and various reliability tests are being performed to characterise the underfill, glob top encapsulants, and die‐attach adhesives.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of underwear on the microenvironment of human clothing.

Based on the basic laws of energy and mass conservation, the paper combined the theory of heat and mass transfer to establish the simulation of the influence of underwear on human thermal reaction in microclimate and prediction model of human thermal reaction law.

The impact on the microenvironment affected by tighter underwear is less than the effect of loose underwear and computational flow dynamics (CFD) can accurately predict the thermal reaction parameters’ values of the human body.

It can be effectively used for the prediction of heat exchange between human body and environment in high-temperature environment and human thermophysiological parameters, and overcomes the individual differences of human experiments and the danger and repeatability of high-temperature environmental experiments.