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Training improves workers’ competencies by eliminating or reducing mismatch between the levels of acquired and required skills. However, the question of who needs the training can be pertinently managed by training needs analysis (TNA). Thus, the purpose of this paper was to explore the training needs of Pakistani university librarians on collection management skills.

The study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of Pakistani university librarians. Using survey questionnaire method, a five-point Likert scale was utilized to measure the acquired and required levels of collection management skills (CMS). A paired sample t-test was used to ascertain the significance of difference between the acquired and required skills. Further, descriptive statistics were used to perform TNA.

Results of the paired sample t-test showed a significant difference among all indicators of CMS. Further, findings of TNA specified more than 50 per cent of deficit (over-utilization), less than 50 per cent of surplus (under-utilization) and 20 per cent of job best-fit in terms of CMS. Based on these results, training and top-down allocation of tasks are suggested to the higher authorities to manage over and under-utilization of CMS and to produce more job best-fits.

These findings are significant to design training programs on CMS, to revise courses on collection management, to evaluate performance of collection managers and understand the causes of under and over utilization of CMS. Moreover, findings inform librarians to eliminate mismatch in the levels of acquired and required CMS through training programs that may further enhance job best-fits.

In addition to instrumental assumptions, behavioural researchers suggest the study of individual traits such as personal innovativeness (PI), users’ satisfaction and other theoretical beliefs for example quality and general usage patterns as the latent determinants of early and post-adoptions of technological innovations. In the context of Higher Education Commission digital library of Pakistan, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of PI, quality of digital resources and generic usability of digital libraries (DL) with users’ satisfaction.

To guide the conceptual model of this study, five hypothesized relationships were formulated. Adopting a quantitative approach, snowball sampling techniques were used. A total of 464 users of DL enrolled in different programs of study in the universities of Pakistan participated and responded to the survey. For data analyses, partial least squares, a method in the structural equation modeling was used.

Analyses reveal positive and strong relationships of PI, quality of digital resources and generic usability of DL with users’ satisfaction. Thus, the findings of this study established personal traits as the significant determinants of intention to adopt DL.

The decision of effective adoption is manipulated by the extent of users’ willing (PI), level of satisfaction, the image of quality and users’ past experience with the use of related innovations. Thus, librarians in addition to the system features should also focus on individual characteristics and quality of resources that probably influence adequate adoption of DL.

In the Pakistani context, this study is the first attempt that examined the relationship of PI, the usability of DL and quality of digital resources with users’ satisfaction. Research model of this study can be used in future research. Also, this study extended the scope of theories of adoption towards DL.

This study aims to describe digital literacy (DL) and heutagogy and examine the relationship between the two.

This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The respondents were students at a college in Indonesia. The respondents were students at a college in Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to students via a Google form. Furthermore, the data were processed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

From a demographic profile, the study describes that students choose Google to search for information rather than to the library, the most used gadget is a smartphone, the average access to information is 2–7 h per day and the purpose of information access is to do assignments. The results of the statistical tests show there is a relationship between heutagogy learning and DL.

This study will help policymakers to develop DL in a vocational school.

This research will contribute to the improvement and implementation of heutagogy learning emphasis on a DL case study in Indonesia. This research can assist policymakers in preparing DL skills in heutagogy learning in vocational school. This research will add new literature, methodology and framework on heutagogy learning and DL to library and information management field.

This study aims to determine the extent to which information security management (ISM) practices impact the organisational agility by examining the relationship between both concepts.

A quantitative method research design has been used in this study. This study was conducted throughout Malaysia with a total of 250 valid questionnaires obtained from managers and executives from the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC)-status companies. Structural equation modelling (SEM) using partial least square was used to analyse the data and to test all nine hypotheses developed in this study.

Findings from this study indicate that operational agility (OA) is significantly related to ISM practices in MSC-status companies. The validation of the structural model of nine hypotheses developed for this study has demonstrated satisfactory results, exhibited six significant direct relationships and three insignificant relationships.

This study has addressed the needs for a comprehensive, coherent and empirically tested ISM practices and organisational agility framework. The current theoretical framework used in this study emphasised on the ISM–organisational agility dimensions that are predominantly important to ascertain high level of ISM practices and perceived agility level among the information technology (IT) business companies in Malaysia. With the application of SEM for powerful analysis, the empirical-based framework established in this study was validated by the empirical findings, thus contributing significantly to the field of information security (InfoSec).

This study has filled the research gap between different constructs of ISM practices and OA. The model put forth in this study contributes in several ways to the InfoSec research community. The recognition of InfoSec practices that could facilitate organisational agility in the IT industry in Malaysia is vital and contributes to more value creation for the organisations.

This study aims to explore the factors affecting the adoption of digital reference services (DRS) among the university librarians in Pakistan.

Based on the adapted unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, the proposed study tested 12 hypothetical relationships through structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques. The study approach was quantitative based on a questionnaire distributed online to a sample of Pakistani university librarians and completed by 289 respondents. The questionnaire used in this study was developed from other validated instruments used in past empirical studies. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were performed through SPSS and AMOS for SEM.

The results revealed usefulness, ease of use and information and communication technology (ICT) skills as the significant predictors of the adoption of DRS. However, moderating influence of the demographic factors (age, gender and type of library) on the relationship of predictors with outcome variable was found insignificant. The findings of this study imply that individuals’ readiness for the adoption of DRS is present in the university libraries of Pakistan.

In the context of Pakistan, this study was the first attempt that investigated factors of the adoption of DRS at individual level. In addition, two new factors – namely, ICT skills and library type – were incorporated into the UTAUT model and were then evaluated in the Pakistani context. However, these two factors were found insignificant in influencing librarians towards the adoption of DRS. The intended study is equally useful for librarians in other countries in terms of understanding the factors that impact the effective adoption of DRS.

The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of validity process in survey questionnaire instrument development. It is to confirm all items chosen are valid in the context of study, especially in assessing municipal website Web user behaviours. The quality of measurement also can be assured.

Several methods used to assess validity of the survey instrument in this study, such as face validity, content validity index (CVI) and construct validity. CVI assessment is widely used to examine each item in the survey instrument exact measures what is supposed to be measured. Prolific items used to evaluate web aesthetic, usability, navigation, content organization, interactivity and user engagement.

Several items were rephrased and simplified during face validity assessment, while three items from user engagement construct were excluded after the CVI assessment. Reliability and redundancy analysis had shown good results for each item and construct for both dependent and independent variables. None of the items in any construct need to be eliminated.

The face validity, content validity and construct validity assessments are sufficient to assure the consistency of the conceptual framework, the content of items and overall measurement approach reflecting the setting or context of study which are web users.

The validated survey instrument provides practical guidelines for government municipal website owners on how to stimulate website user to keep engaged on the government municipal website. Identified website content that acts as credibility cues can be as object attention when planning the strategy of Web content management. Through proper design and attracting touch up, the credibility cues can attract website user and force the user to engage deeper on the government municipal website content, believe it as the main source of information and recognize it as authoritative organization.

The measurement model of this study that consists of formative construct of surface credibility, and user engagement is proposed to be tested in a different context of this study.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of user satisfaction in the context of academic web digital library (DL). A model based on the re-specified information system success model was developed and tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.

The study employed survey research methodology with self-administered questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaire was developed based on the instruments used by previous researchers. The population of the study was students enrolled for the bachelor’s degree in the Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. These students were chosen because of researcher’s easy access to the sampling frame. Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis which include SEM were executed using IBM SPSS and AMOS statistical software.

The findings indicate that information quality, systems quality, service quality, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and cognitive absorption are significant predictor of users’ satisfaction with the web DL.

Instead of collecting data from students from various faculties, this study only covered students enrolled in one faculty. In the same light, as the respondents were from one faculty, they only report their experience of using one DL. Given these limitations, the results obtained are narrowed in terms of generalizability. The second limitation of the study is related to the predictor variables which only focussed on six variables only.

From the practical viewpoint, the instrument that has been developed can be used as a diagnostic tool for continuous improvements of the DL.

From the theoretical viewpoint, the study has developed an empirical based framework that depicts critical factors influencing DL satisfaction. Researchers specializing on the assessment of DL effectiveness can consider adopting the framework for future studies. Alternatively, the framework can be further extended by integrating other variables such as users’ characteristics or organizational characteristics.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of a specific library portal at the University of Technology MARA based on the opinions of students in the Faculty of Information Management.

The paper is survey based; 400 self‐administered questionnaires were sent out to students of Faculty of Information Management, University of Technology MARA.

In terms of information quality assessment, respondents had indicated that the library portal met their expectations. All the information quality attributes, namely completeness, comprehensiveness, accuracy, timeliness, reliability and appropriateness of format were rated highly by users. Equally important to information quality is systems quality and service quality. When asked to evaluate the systems quality aspect of the library portal, respondents have also rated highly.

The paper utilizes effective existing methods to determine portal effectiveness. It provides a study of only one portal, however, and as such the results are indicative only of the views of one group of students using the portal.

This paper offers a snapshot of a library portal and the opinions of users as regarding its effectiveness and would be of value to digital library researchers, or others interested in library portal effectiveness or design.

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the status of systems development methodologies (SDM) usage for developing web‐based application in Malaysian organizations. In addition, it also seeks to investigate the use of techniques and tools for web‐based application development.

The study employed the use of a cross‐sectional survey method with 200 questionnaires sent to information systems managers. A total of 66 usable questionnaires were returned.

The use of SDM that are meant for web‐based applications is still very low among Malaysian organizations. The majority of respondents indicated that the SDM being used were adapted on a project basis. Malaysian systems developers were more inclined to use techniques that were much suited for traditional applications. Nevertheless, the use of systems development tools was quite overwhelming. Despite acknowledging the merits of using SDM, respondents also indicated problems associated with their usage.

The number of respondents participated in the study was low and furthermore data were collected employing a cross‐sectional design instead of longitudinal design.

The paper provides empirical evidence regarding the use of SDM, techniques and tools for developing web‐based applications.

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the effectiveness or success of universities' portal implementation from the perspective of students as users. Adopting the model developed by Delone and McLean, portal effectiveness is defined as being composed of information quality, systems quality and service quality. In addition, the paper also seeks to investigate the influence of individual factors comprising attitudes towards the portal, personal innovativeness and web self‐efficacy on the effectiveness of the portal.

The study adopted a survey research design with questionnaires being administered to 600 students as respondents. The cross‐sectional strategy for data collection resulted in 405 usable responses that were used for data analysis.

The results show that IS effectiveness dimensions consisting of service quality and systems quality are significantly correlated with user satisfaction. In addition, the study also showed that of the three predictors investigated, only attitudes towards the portal were found to be significantly correlated with IS effectiveness dimensions.

The perceptual self‐report measures rather than objectives measures adopted in this study contribute to bias, and a cross‐sectional design for data collection only provides data at one point in time.

The instrument developed in the study could assist the authorities concerned in evaluating the effectiveness of the portal.

Despite the growing interest in universities adopting portal technologies, studies addressing the issues of successes and effectiveness are still very limited. Hence, this study provides an impetus for evaluating campus portals from the user's perspective.