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E-learning environments and services (ELES) adoption and success rates challenge ELES designers, practitioners and organisations. Enterprise decision makers continue to seek effective instruments in launching such systems. The purpose of this paper is to understand users’ perceptions of ELES effectiveness and develop a theoretical framework which improves understanding of success factors for adoption.

Grounded theory method is used to reflect on the relationships between changing users’ requirements and expectations, technological advances and ELES effectiveness models. A longitudinal study collecting data from social media blogs over four years was authenticated based on the context evaluation, language structure and conversational constructs.

Identification of a new core dimension named “Concept Functionality” which can be used to understand the relationships between e-learning effectiveness factors including the relationships with other domains such as security. The findings are also used to validate major existing models for the success of ELES.

The new framework potentially improves system design process in the fields of education technology, enterprise systems, etc.

Concept functionality dimension can offer more insights to understand ELES effectiveness and further improve system design process in a variety of domains including enterprise systems, process modelling and education technology.

The purpose of this paper is to research the status quo and future trends of the income elasticity of the consumer demand of Chinese rural residents.

The paper uses model ELES and model GM (1,1) to analyze and predict the income elasticity of consumer demand in the rural areas of China.

The findings show the indicator that the income elasticity of consumer demand in the rural areas of China is quite large at present, but most sub‐categories of the indicators show a declining trend in the future.

The paper includes implications for the relevant departments to adjust the economic polices timely and reasonably according to specific form based on the findings above.

The income elasticity of consumer demand is an important indicator, reflecting the relationship between consumer demand and income, so it is of great significance to research it.

The purpose of this paper is to research the status quo and future trend of the income elasticity of consumer demand of Chinese rural residents.

The paper uses Model ELES and Model GM(1,1) to analyze and predict the income elasticity of consumer demand in the rural areas of China.

The findings show the indicator that the income elasticity of consumer demand in the rural areas of China is quite large at present, but most sub‐categories of the indicators show a declining trend in the future.

The paper includes implications for the relevant departments to adjust the economic polices timely and reasonably, according to specific form based on the findings above.

The income elasticity of consumer demand is an important indicator reflecting the relationship between consumer demand and income, so it is of great significance to research it.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the core dimensions of user experiences in a physical and technologically embedded learning environment (LE) designed to support active student-led inquiry-based studies and collaborative knowledge creation in higher education.

The paper integrated the USEframe of usability of built environments and the inquiry-based engaging learning environment (ELE) to test and develop the usability and pedagogy of future LEs. A group of ten teacher students was studied and interviewed semi-structurally after a seven-week inquiry-based course unit. The findings were considered in light of the two frameworks.

The physical and embedded LEs provided the students with socio-digital affordances that promoted experienced study engagement, knowledge co-creation and sharing and a sense of safety and belonging in the scientific community. The application of the ELE model and the agile physical setting complemented and supported each other and promoted learning.

The results shed light on how to integrate understanding the user process, user experience and use of embedded LEs to develop usability of new LEs.

The living lab provides different stakeholders with tangible information about usability and helps the designers in concrete streamlining of pedagogy and physical LEs.

The purpose of this paper is to exam the relationship between migration patterns and migrant workers' consumption and study how to upgrade the consumption of migrant workers.

Based on survey data from 3,368 migrant workers in China, this paper employs the extended linear expenditure system (ELES) model to analyze the difference of migrant workers' consumption in different migration patterns. A consumption function containing migration patterns was constructed to examine the impact of migration patterns on the consumption of migrant workers.

The consumption structure of migrant workers is in accordance with the migration theory and life cycle theory; there is a significant difference in the consumption between migrant workers of different migration patterns. Migrant workers who move to the city separated from their family members have lower levels of consumption, and the consumption structure shows the characteristics of “survival consumption,” mainly based on “food, residence and traffic.” On the contrary, migrant workers who move to the city with all their family members have higher levels of consumption, and their consumption is well structured, showing a gradual trend of upgrading and transformation.

This paper enriches the empirical literature on analyzing the migration patterns and their impact on migrant workers' consumption, which can help policymakers design reasonable policies of adaptation for the consumption upgrading of migrant workers.

Eastern European countries are undergoing a transition from centralized economic planning to more open economic systems. A team of Bulgarian and U.S. researchers have collaborated to study this problem, using a real Bulgarian winery as the focus of their research. System dynamics modeling was selected as a tool to provide better understanding of management issues. A framework for future objective research, and as a pedagogical tool. This system dynamics model generates output on a number of measures. This paper presents initial output from the model, reporting profit ability, risk, and market share measures. These multiple measures create the need for multiple criteria analysis. Three multiple criteria techniques are demonstrated, and their value in the system dynamics simulation modeling process is discussed.

High autogyro accident rates prompted experimental investigation of this type of aircraft's low‐speed pitch characteristics. Pitch control is typically derived from main rotor tip‐path‐plane adjustment. Thus, autogyro designers often omit horizontal tails and pitch control surfaces. The purpose of this paper is to enable autogyro low‐speed pitch control by intentionally placing elevators in the propeller wake.

Wind tunnel tests were conducted on a 1:10 scale teetering rotor autogyro model. The model included a horizontal tail with elevators placed in the propeller wake. Straight‐and‐level flight conditions were estimated via a scaling scheme based on the main rotor diameter. At minimum flight speed, the pitching moment induced by 30° elevator deflection was measured. This process was repeated for a range of elevator positions behind the centre of the pitching rotation.

When placed in an autogyro propeller wake, deflected elevators induce significant pitching moments. If the elevator is shadowed from free stream flow by the autogyro cowling, the pitching moment remains unchanged regardless of the distance between elevators and centre of pitch rotation. However, if the elevator is immersed in the freestream, the pitching moment increases via deflection of both propeller wake and freestream flow.

Kinematic similarity ensures ratios between propeller wake, wind speed, and main rotor flows are representative of full scale. Without flow visualization, main‐rotor‐diameter‐based scaling does not ensure kinematic similarity. Results are therefore qualitative.

Elevators mounted in autogyro propeller wake are worthy of inclusion on all autogyros for pitch control at low speed.

Improved low‐speed pitch control arising from elevators mounted in autogyro propeller wake could potentially reduce accidents.

Selecting the development and renewal of residential areas has caused significant confusion in the construction of a new countryside with the rapid development of information and computer technology. The application of digital assistive technology in traditional settlement planning has received increasing attention in recent years. Thus, this study combined the folk culture of traditional settlement, local unique landform, and climate environment. Digital technology was used as the starting point. Traditional settlement planning and green update design were studied with the help of a digital building software. The planning of Shuanglong Village and the residential green renewal design were taken as examples. Shuanglong Village's overall planning and design was presented and showed that its road traffic was clearly planned. The rational use of local land was attained. The landscape of Shuanglong Village was then designed. Practice has proven that the research on traditional settlement planning and green renewal design based on digital assistive technology can provide the basis for such activities.

This paper aims to investigate whether audit fees and financial report readability are bi-directionally related.

The authors test their hypotheses with empirical data. Specifically, they adopt a two-stage simultaneous equation regression model to assess the bi-directional relationship between audit fees and financial report readability.

While poor readability increases the fees charged by the auditor, higher audit fees improve the readability of the financial reports.

This study is based on US data. Future research may extend this study to other countries.

Poor financial report readability encumbers stakeholders of the firms. Understanding the interaction between financial report readability and audit fees will help both auditors and firm managers.

Audit committees aggressively negotiating for lower audit fees should be aware of the link of low audit fees, potentially indicative of poor quality, to less readable reports. Investors and regulators too should be concerned about this relationship, especially in instances when auditors low-ball audit fees or when firms aggressively negotiate for lower audit fees.

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to document the bi-directional relationship between financial report readability and audit fees and assess the positive impact of audit fees on financial report readability.