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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2005

Y. Zhang

To form and develop a new mode of mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (mixed EHL) which is more realistic and of more application values to a practical elastohydrodynamic contact…

Abstract

Purpose

To form and develop a new mode of mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (mixed EHL) which is more realistic and of more application values to a practical elastohydrodynamic contact on gears, cams and roller bearings than the previous and current existing mixed EHL models.

Design/methodology/approach

The representative theoretical and experimental studies on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and mixed EHL carried out in the previous and recent time, including those of the author, are reviewed. The obtained results on EHL and mixed EHL in those studies and the viewpoints on the mode of mixed EHL based on those results developed in those studies are compared and evaluated. Strong proves are formed on the new mode of mixed EHL proposed in the present paper based on these comparisons and evaluations.

Findings

Strong viewpoints are formed on the mode of the occurrence of dry contact in EHL in a practical concentrated contact. A new mode of mixed EHL is proposed by incorporating this mode of the occurrence of dry contact in EHL. Also, comments and evaluations on the previous researches on mixed EHL are made.

Practical implications

A very useful material for the engineers who are engaged in the design of EHL on gears, cams and roller bearings, and for the tribology scientists who thrust efforts in studying EHL and mixed EHL both by theoretical modeling and by experiments.

Originality/value

A new mode of mixed EHL is originally proposed by incorporating the finding of a more realistic mode of the occurrence of dry contact in EHL. This new mode of mixed EHL should become the direction of the theoretical research of mixed EHL in the future time. It provides a clearer way to this research.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 57 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 February 2021

Leo Lukose and Tanmay Basak

The purpose of this paper is to address various works on mixed convection and proposes 10 unified models (Models 1–10) based on various thermal and kinematic conditions of the…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address various works on mixed convection and proposes 10 unified models (Models 1–10) based on various thermal and kinematic conditions of the boundary walls, thermal conditions and/ or kinematics of objects embedded in the cavities and kinematics of external flow field through the ventilation ports. Experimental works on mixed convection have also been addressed.

Design/methodology/approach

This review is based on 10 unified models on mixed convection within cavities. Models 1–5 involve mixed convection based on the movement of single or double walls subjected to various temperature boundary conditions. Model 6 elucidates mixed convection due to the movement of single or double walls of cavities containing discrete heaters at the stationary wall(s). Model 7A focuses mixed convection based on the movement of wall(s) for cavities containing stationary solid obstacles (hot or cold or adiabatic) whereas Model 7B elucidates mixed convection based on the rotation of solid cylinders (hot or conductive or adiabatic) within the cavities enclosed by stationary or moving wall(s). Model 8 is based on mixed convection due to the flow of air through ventilation ports of cavities (with or without adiabatic baffles) subjected to hot and adiabatic walls. Models 9 and 10 elucidate mixed convection due to flow of air through ventilation ports of cavities involving discrete heaters and/or solid obstacles (conductive or hot) at various locations within cavities.

Findings

Mixed convection plays an important role for various processes based on convection pattern and heat transfer rate. An important dimensionless number, Richardson number (Ri) identifies various convection regimes (forced, mixed and natural convection). Generalized models also depict the role of “aiding” and “opposing” flow and combination of both on mixed convection processes. Aiding flow (interaction of buoyancy and inertial forces in the same direction) may result in the augmentation of the heat transfer rate whereas opposing flow (interaction of buoyancy and inertial forces in the opposite directions) may result in decrease of the heat transfer rate. Works involving fluid media, porous media and nanofluids (with magnetohydrodynamics) have been highlighted. Various numerical and experimental works on mixed convection have been elucidated. Flow and thermal maps associated with the heat transfer rate for a few representative cases of unified models [Models 1–10] have been elucidated involving specific dimensionless numbers.

Originality/value

This review paper will provide guidelines for optimal design/operation involving mixed convection processing applications.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 31 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 10 July 2017

Hui Li, Yu-Hui Xu and Lean Yu

Available information for evaluating the possibility of hospitality firm failure in emerging countries is often deficient. Oversampling can compensate for this but can also yield…

Abstract

Purpose

Available information for evaluating the possibility of hospitality firm failure in emerging countries is often deficient. Oversampling can compensate for this but can also yield mixed samples, which limit prediction models’ effectiveness. This research aims to provide a feasible approach to handle possible mixed information caused by oversampling.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses mixed sample modelling (MSM) when evaluating the possibility of firm failure on enlarged hospitality firms. The mixed sample is filtered out with a mixed sample index through control of the noisy parameter and outliner parameter and meta-models are used to build MSM models for hospitality firm failure prediction, with performances compared to traditional models.

Findings

The proposed models are helpful in predicting hospitality firm failure in the mixed information situation caused by oversampling, whereas MSM significantly improves the performance of traditional models. Meanwhile, only partial mixed hospitality samples matter in predicting firm failure in both rich- and poor-information situations.

Practical implications

This research is helpful for managers, investors, employees and customers to reduce their hospitality-related risk in the emerging Chinese market. The two-dimensional sample collection strategies, three-step prediction process and five MSM modelling principles are helpful for practice of hospitality firm failure prediction.

Originality/value

This research provides a means of processing mixed hospitality firm samples through the early definition and proposal of MSM, which addresses the ranking information within samples in deficient information environments and improves forecasting accuracy of traditional models. Moreover, it provides empirical evidence for the validation of sample selection and sample pairing strategy in evaluating the possibility of hospitality firm failure.

Details

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 29 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-6119

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 24 June 2021

Mariusz Doszyń

The purpose of this paper is to present how prior knowledge about the impact of real estate features on value might be utilised in the econometric models of real estate appraisal…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present how prior knowledge about the impact of real estate features on value might be utilised in the econometric models of real estate appraisal. In these models, price is a dependent variable and real estate features are explanatory variables. Moreover, these kinds of models might support individual and mass appraisals.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed estimation procedure was discussed in the research. It enables using sample and prior information in an estimation process. Prior information was provided by real estate experts in the form of parameter intervals. Also, sample information about the prices and features of undeveloped land for low-residential purposes was used. Then, mixed estimation results were compared with ordinary least squares (OLS) outcomes. Finally, the estimated econometric models were assessed with regard to both formal criteria and valuation accuracy.

Findings

The OLS results were unacceptable, mostly because of the low quality of the database, which is often the case on local, undeveloped real estate markets. The mixed results are much more consistent with formal expectations and the real estate valuations are also better for a mixed model. In a mixed model, the impact of each real estate feature could be estimated, even if there is no variability in the sample information. Valuations are also more precise in terms of their consistency with market prices. The mean error (ME) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are lower for a mixed model.

Originality/value

The crucial problem in econometric property valuation is that it involves the unreliability of databases, especially on undeveloped, local markets. The applied mixed estimation procedure might support sample information with prior knowledge, in the form of stochastic restrictions imposed on parameters. Thus, that kind of knowledge might be obtained from real estate experts, practitioners, etc.

Details

Journal of European Real Estate Research, vol. 14 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-9269

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1986

ROGER N. CONWAY and RON C. MITTELHAMMER

In the last two decades there has been considerable progress made in the development of alternative estimation techniques to ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The search…

Abstract

In the last two decades there has been considerable progress made in the development of alternative estimation techniques to ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The search for alternative estimators has no doubt been motivated by the observance of erratic OLS estimator behavior in cases where there are too few observations, multicollinearity problems, or simply “information‐poor” data sets. Imprecise and unreliable OLS coefficient estimates have been the result.

Details

Studies in Economics and Finance, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1086-7376

Article
Publication date: 21 May 2021

Dejun Xie, Yu Cui and Yujian Liu

The focus of the current research is to examine whether mixed-frequency investor sentiment affects stock volatility in the China A-shares stock market.

Abstract

Purpose

The focus of the current research is to examine whether mixed-frequency investor sentiment affects stock volatility in the China A-shares stock market.

Design/methodology/approach

Mixed-frequency sampling models are employed to find the relationship between stock market volatility and mixed-frequency investor sentiment. Principal analysis and MIDAS-GARCH model are used to calibrate the impact of investor sentiment on the large-horizon components of volatility of Shanghai composite stocks.

Findings

The results show that the volatility in Chinese stock market is positively influenced by BW investor sentiment index, when the sentiment index encompasses weighted mixed frequencies with different horizons. In particular, the impact of mixed-frequency investor sentiment is most significantly on the large-horizon components of volatility. Moreover, it is demonstrated that mixed-frequency sampling model has better explanatory powers than exogenous regression models when accounting for the relationship between investor sentiment and stock volatility.

Practical implications

Given the various unique features of Chinese stock market and its importance as the major representative of world emerging markets, the findings of the current paper are of particularly scholarly and practical significance by shedding lights to the applicableness GARCH-MIDAS in the focused frontiers.

Originality/value

A more accurate and insightful understanding of volatility has always been one of the core scholarly pursuits since the influential structural time series modeling of Engle (1982) and the seminal work of Engle and Rangel (2008) attempting to accommodate macroeconomic factors into volatility models. However, the studies in this regard are so far relatively scarce with mixed conclusions. The current study fills such gaps with improved MIDAS-GARCH approach and new evidence from Shanghai A-share market.

Details

China Finance Review International, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-1398

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 January 2017

Reza Ghavijorbozeh and Ali Zeinal Hamadani

The purpose of this paper is to understand the consequence of the use of mixed Weibull distribution in the cell formation problem. In reliability theory, a mixed distribution is…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the consequence of the use of mixed Weibull distribution in the cell formation problem. In reliability theory, a mixed distribution is used for more than one hazard cause, and the Weibull distribution can be used for ascendant, monotonous and descendant failure rate. Here, the authors mixed these two theme and use it in a common problem in group technology.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors made a non-polynomial-hard mathematical model based on past research and solved it with an exact algorithm. The algorithm is coded and solved in GAMS to illustrate the model, and the authors use simulation. A common numerical example is solved with the model, and the results are compared.

Findings

Reliability analysis model based on the mixed Weibull distribution approach will give options to a user to select the suitable failure rate and modes for a specific situation. If the user uses the exponential or Weibull distribution instead of the mixed Weibull distribution, the calculated cost and reliability are wrong; therefore, it leads to user making wrong decisions.

Originality/value

The model the authors use is the one used in past research, but in the past, researchers did not use the mixed distribution for explaining failure time. Therefore, the model can be considered as a new and more complete model.

Article
Publication date: 20 April 2010

Mohammad Kamal Uddin, Marian Cavia Soto and Jose L. Martinez Lastra

Design, balancing, and sequencing are the key issues associated with assembly lines (ALs). The purpose of this paper is to identify AL design issues and to develop an integrated…

1768

Abstract

Purpose

Design, balancing, and sequencing are the key issues associated with assembly lines (ALs). The purpose of this paper is to identify AL design issues and to develop an integrated methodology for mixed‐model assembly line balancing (MMALB) and sequencing. Primarily, mixed‐model lines are utilized for high‐variety, low‐volume job shop or batch production. Variation of a generic product is important for the manufacturers as the demand is mostly customer driven in the present global market.

Design/methodology/approach

Different AL design norms, performance indexes, and AL workstation indexes have been identified in the initial stage of this work. As the paper progresses, it has focused towards an integrated approach for MMALB and sequencing addressed for small‐ and medium‐scale assembly plants. A small‐scale practical problem has been justified with this integrated methodology implemented by MATLAB.

Findings

ALs execution in the production floor require many important factors to be considered. Different line orientations, production approaches, line characteristics, performance and workstation indexes, problem definitions, balancing and product sequencing in accordance with the objective functions are needed to be taken into account by the line designer.

Originality/value

This paper has highlighted the important AL design characteristics and also provided an integrated approach for balancing mixed‐model assembly lines (MMALs) combined with sequencing heuristic. The findings of this paper can be helpful for the designers while designing an AL. The integrated approach for balancing and sequencing of MMALs can be used as a functional tool for assembly‐based contemporary industries.

Details

Assembly Automation, vol. 30 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-5154

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 1997

Avi Rushinek

Managerial auditors (MAs) are frequently relying on mistaken mixed costs (MC) forecasting assumptions. Two such assumptions are that MC are linear within the relevant range and…

915

Abstract

Managerial auditors (MAs) are frequently relying on mistaken mixed costs (MC) forecasting assumptions. Two such assumptions are that MC are linear within the relevant range and variable costs vary proportionately with activity levels. Departure from these assumptions can lead to understating expenses, overstating profits, and even to fraud, litigation, and mounting professional liability risk. Develops a forecasting model of mixed cost error estimates, or error difference (ED). MAs can reduce the risk of litigation and professional liability by including such an ED in the internal control structure of a company. Uses Sensormatic Corporation and the electronics security industry as sample case because of the recent prominence of litigation and professional auditor liability verdicts. Focuses on the electronics security industry, but some of the findings may apply to other industries.

Details

Managerial Auditing Journal, vol. 12 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-6902

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 31 July 2021

Zhao Zhang and Xianfeng (Terry) Yang

This study aims to study the connected vehicle (CV) impact on highway operational performance under a mixed CV and regular vehicle (RV) environment.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to study the connected vehicle (CV) impact on highway operational performance under a mixed CV and regular vehicle (RV) environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors implemented a mixed traffic flow model, along with a CV speed control model, in the simulation environment. According to the different traffic characteristics between CVs and RVs, this research first analyzed how the operation of CVs can affect highway capacity under both one-lane and multi-lane cases. A hypothesis was then made that there shall exist a critical CV penetration rate that can significantly show the benefit of CV to the overall traffic. To prove this concept, this study simulated the mixed traffic pattern under various conditions.

Findings

The results of this research revealed that performing optimal speed control to CVs will concurrently benefit RVs by improving highway capacity. Furthermore, a critical CV penetration rate should exist at a specified traffic demand level, which can significantly reduce the speed difference between RVs and CVs. The results offer effective insight to understand the potential impacts of different CV penetration rates on highway operation performance.

Originality/value

This approach assumes that there shall exist a critical CV penetration rate that can maximize the benefits of CV implementations. CV penetration rate (the proportion of CVs in mixed traffic) is the key factor affecting the impacts of CV on freeway operational performance. The evaluation criteria for freeway operational performance are using average travel time under different given traffic demand patterns.

Details

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles, vol. 4 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2399-9802

Keywords

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