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Article
Publication date: 6 February 2020

Suresh Akkole and Vasudevan N.

Application of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) i.e. electromagnetic band gap technique and its use in the design of microstrip antenna and MIC i.e. microwave integrated circuits is…

Abstract

Purpose

Application of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) i.e. electromagnetic band gap technique and its use in the design of microstrip antenna and MIC i.e. microwave integrated circuits is becoming more attractive. This paper aims to propose a new type of EBG fractal square patch microstrip multi band fractal antenna structures that are designed and developed. Their performance parameters with and without EBG structures are investigated and minutely compared with respect to the resonance frequency, return loss, a gain of the antenna and voltage standing wave ratio.

Design/methodology/approach

The fractal antenna geometries are designed from the fundamental square patch and then EBG structures are introduced. The antenna geometry is optimized using IE3D simulation tool and fabricated on low cost glass epoxy FR4, with 1.6 mm height and dielectric materials constant of 4.4. The prototype is examined by means of the vector network analyzer and antenna patterns are tested on the anechoic chamber.

Findings

Combining the square fractal patch antenna with an application of EBG techniques, the gain of microstrip antenna has been risen up and attained good return loss as compared to the antennas without EBG structures. The designs exhibit multi-frequency band characteristics extending in between 1.70 and 7.40 GHz. Also, a decrease in antenna size of 34.84 and 59.02 per cent for the first and second iteration, respectively, is achieved for the antenna second and third without EBG. The experimental results agree with that of simulated values. The presented microstrip antenna finds uses in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band, Wi-Fi and C band. This antenna can also be used for satellite and radio detection and range devices for communication purposes.

Originality/value

A new type of EBG fractal square patch microstrip antenna structures are designed, developed and compared with and without EBG. Because of the application of EBG techniques, the gain of microstrip antenna has been risen up and attained good return loss as compared to the antennas without EBG structures. The designs exhibit multi-frequency band characteristics extending in between 1.70 and 7.40 GHz, which are useful for Wi-Fi, ISM and C band wireless communication.

Details

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 17 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 11 May 2020

Rasime Uyguroğlu, Allaeldien Mohamed Hnesh, Muhammad Sohail and Abdullah Y. Oztoprak

This paper aims to introduce a new novel microstrip monopulse comparator system to reduce the spurious radiation from the comparator and the feed network for achieving better…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce a new novel microstrip monopulse comparator system to reduce the spurious radiation from the comparator and the feed network for achieving better radiation performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Two substrate layers have been used for the microstrip monopulse comparator system. The feed network and the comparator circuits are on the first substrate layer and the microstrip array antenna is on the second layer. The elements of the array antenna are novel square four-sided narrow rectangular slot antennas built on a conducting plane. A commercially available computational software, CST microwave studio, has been used for the analysis of the system.

Findings

Two substrate layers have been used for the microstrip monopulse comparator system. The feed network and the comparator circuits are on the first substrate layer and the microstrip array antenna is on the second layer. The elements of the array antenna are novel square four-sided narrow rectangular slot antennas built on a conducting plane. A commercially available computational software, CST microwave studio, has been used for the analysis of the system.

Practical implications

The system is proposed for tracking moving targets.

Originality/value

Novel slot radiators are introduced as radiating elements in this paper. The antenna arrangement shields the comparator and the feed network circuits, reducing the spurious radiation significantly.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 39 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 16 July 2021

Khader Zelani Shaik, Siddaiah P. and K. Satya Prasad

Millimeter wave spectrum represents new opportunities to add capacity and faster speeds for next-generation services as fifth generation (5G) applications. In its Spectrum…

Abstract

Purpose

Millimeter wave spectrum represents new opportunities to add capacity and faster speeds for next-generation services as fifth generation (5G) applications. In its Spectrum Frontiers proceeding, the Federal Communications Commision decided to focus on spectrum bands where the most spectrums are potentially available. A low profile antenna array with new decoupling structure is proposed and expected to resonate at higher frequency bands, i.e. millimeter wave frequencies, which are suitable for 5G applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The presented antenna contains artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface as decoupling structure. The proposed antenna array with novel AMC surface is operating at 29.1GHz and proven to be decoupling structure and capable of enhancing the isolation by reducing mutual coupling as 8.7dB between the array elements. It is evident that, and overall gain is improved as 10.1% by incorporating 1x2 Array with AMC Method. Mutual coupling between the elements of 1 × 2 antenna array is decreased by 39.12%.

Findings

The proposed structure is designed and simulated using HFSS software and the results are obtained in terms of return loss, gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and mutual coupling. The S-Parameters of each stage of design is tabulated and compared with each other to prove the decoupling capability of AMC surface in antenna arrays.

Originality/value

The proposed structure is designed and simulated using HFSS software, and the results are obtained in terms of return loss, gain, VSWR and mutual coupling. The S-Parameters of each stage of design is tabulated and compared with each other to prove the decoupling capability of AMC surface in antenna arrays.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 47 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 December 2017

YanJie Guo, QiuLin Tan, Fei Lu, GuoZhu Wu and Lei Zhang

This paper aims to present a novel wireless passive pressure sensor based on an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna embedded with an air cavity for pressure measurement.

291

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present a novel wireless passive pressure sensor based on an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna embedded with an air cavity for pressure measurement.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the sensitive membrane deformed when pressure was applied on the surface of the sensor and the relative permittivity of the mixed substrate changed, resulting in a change in the center frequency of the microstrip antenna. The size of the pressure sensor is determined by theoretical calculation and software simulation. Then, the sensor is fabricated separately as three layers using printed circuit board technology and glued together at last. The pressure test of the sensor is carried out in a sealed metal tank.

Findings

The extracted resonant frequency was found to monotonically shift from 2.219 to 1.974 GHz when the pressure varied from 0 to 300 kPa, leading to an average absolute sensitivity of 0.817 MHz/kPa.

Research limitations/implications

This pressure sensor proposed here is mainly to verify the feasibility of this wireless passive maneuvering structure, and when the base material of this structure is replaced with some high-temperature-resistant material, the sensor can be used to measure the pressure inside the aircraft engine.

Originality/value

The sensor structure proposed here can be used to test the pressure in a high-temperature environment when the base material is replaced with some high-temperature-resistant material.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 38 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 July 2023

Iqra Masroor and Jamshed Aslam Ansari

Compact and wideband antennas are the need of modern wireless systems that preferably work with compact, low-profile and easy-to-install devices that provide a wider coverage of…

Abstract

Purpose

Compact and wideband antennas are the need of modern wireless systems that preferably work with compact, low-profile and easy-to-install devices that provide a wider coverage of operating frequencies. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel compact and ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna intended for high frequency wireless applications.

Design/methodology/approach

A square microstrip patch antenna was initially modeled on finite element method-based electromagnetic simulation tool high frequency structure simulator. It was then loaded with a rectangular slit and Koch snowflake-shaped fractal notches for bandwidth enhancement. The fabricated prototype was tested by using vector network analyzer from Agilent Technologies, N5247A, Santa Clara, California, United States (US).

Findings

The designed Koch fractal patch antenna is highly compact with dimensions of 10 × 10 mm only and possesses UWB characteristics with multiple resonances in the operating band. The −10 dB measured impedance bandwidth was observed to be approximately 13.65 GHz in the frequency range (23.20–36.85 GHz).

Originality/value

Owing to its simple and compact structure, positive and substantial gain values, high radiation efficiency and stable radiation patterns throughout the frequency band of interest, the proposed antenna is a suitable candidate for high frequency wireless applications in the K (18–27 GHz) and Ka (26.5–40 GHz) microwave bands.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 31 July 2009

Vaishali Mane and Vijaya Puri

The purpose of this paper is to report on the Ku band microwave characteristics of moisture laden soya seeds using overlay technique.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on the Ku band microwave characteristics of moisture laden soya seeds using overlay technique.

Design/methodology/approach

Ku band (13‐18 GHz) moisture dependent microwave permittivity, conductivity, penetration depth of moisture laden soybean (Glycine Max) using overlay on Ag thick film equilateral triangular patch antenna are studied. The change in the frequency response of the patch antenna due to change in moisture content of the soybean overlay has been used to obtain the various microwave properties.

Findings

The permittivities obtained are in the range expected of moisture laden soybean. As moisture content increases microwave dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and conductivity of soybean increases. Only the amplitude data have been used here.

Originality/value

Ku band characterization of soybean has been done using overlay technique. The thick film patch antenna is sensitive even to ∼4 percent moisture content in the overlay material. This can be used for even moisture sensing at low moisture levels. This paper is believed to be an original research report.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 26 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 3 May 2021

Habeeba Khan, Sayyed Arif Ali, Mohd Wajid and Muhammad Shah Alam

In this work, a microstrip antenna array for wireless power transfer (WPT) application is reported. The proposed 4 × 4 antenna array operating at 16 GHz is designed using a…

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Abstract

Purpose

In this work, a microstrip antenna array for wireless power transfer (WPT) application is reported. The proposed 4 × 4 antenna array operating at 16 GHz is designed using a flexible Kapton polyimide substrate for a far-field charging unit (FFCU).

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed antenna is designed using the transmission line model on a flexible Kapton polyimide substrate. The finite element method (FEM) is used to perform the full-wave electromagnetic analysis of the proposed design.

Findings

The antenna offers −10 dB bandwidth of 240 MHz with beam width and broadside gain found to be 29.4° and 16.38 dB, respectively. Also, a very low cross-polarization level of −34.23 dB is achieved with a radiation efficiency of 36.67%. The array is capable of scanning −15° to +15° in both the elevation and azimuth planes.

Originality/value

The radiation characteristics achieved suggest that the flexible substrate antenna is suitable for wireless charging purposes.

Details

Frontiers in Engineering and Built Environment, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2634-2499

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 March 2021

Swetha Katragadda and PVY Jayasree

The fifth-generation technology 5G, the planned successor to 4G, is a new global standard for mobile networks that brings virtual to reality. 5G wireless technology enables the…

Abstract

Purpose

The fifth-generation technology 5G, the planned successor to 4G, is a new global standard for mobile networks that brings virtual to reality. 5G wireless technology enables the delivery of high speed, low latency, reliability, 100% coverage and availability to connect number of users as in massive IoT applications.

Design/methodology/approach

With expeditious development in wireless communication, the need for enhanced characteristic antenna design such as the size of the antenna, high data rate, demand in traffic, bandwidth, gain and efficiency increases. Various antenna designs are to be explored to meet the needs and achieve trade-offs between antenna size vs cost, high gain and efficiency vs less loss, high B.W and data rate with the selection of appropriate substrate materials and various gain & isolation enhancement techniques.

Findings

This paper thus gives scope for miniaturized MIMO antenna design for mobile applications at mm-wave frequency range.

Originality/value

This paper thus gives scope for miniaturized MIMO antenna design for mobile applications at mm-wave frequency range.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2049-6427

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 November 2021

Zain Ul Abidin Jaffri, Zeeshan Ahmad, Asif Kabir and Syed Sabahat Hussain Bukhari

Antenna miniaturization, multiband operation and wider operational bandwidth are vital to achieve optimal design for modern wireless communication devices. Using fractal…

Abstract

Purpose

Antenna miniaturization, multiband operation and wider operational bandwidth are vital to achieve optimal design for modern wireless communication devices. Using fractal geometries is recognized as one of the most promising solutions to attain these characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to present a unique structure of patch antenna using hybrid fractal technique to enhance the performance characteristics for various wireless applications and to achieve better miniaturization.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors propose a novel hybrid fractal antenna by combining Koch and Minkowski (K-M) fractal geometries. A microstrip patch antenna (MPA) operating at 1.8 GHz is incorporated with a novel K-M hybrid fractal geometry. The proposed fractal antenna is designed and simulated in CST Microwave studio and compared with existing Koch fractal geometry. The prototype for the third iteration of the K-M fractal antenna is then fabricated on FR-4 substrate and tested through vector network analyzer for operating band/voltage standing wave ratio.

Findings

The third iteration of the proposed K-M fractal geometry results in achieving a 20% size reduction as compared to an ordinary MPA for the same resonant frequency with impedance bandwidth of 16.25 MHz and a directional gain of 6.48 dB, respectively. The operating frequency of MPA also lowers down to 1.44 GHz.

Originality/value

Further testing for the radiation patterns in an anechoic chamber shows good agreement to those of simulated results.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 39 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 September 2021

Sagar Juneja, Rajendra Pratap and Rajnish Sharma

Propagation characteristics of millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies that are being explored for implementing 5G network are quite different from sub 3GHz frequencies in which 4G…

Abstract

Purpose

Propagation characteristics of millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies that are being explored for implementing 5G network are quite different from sub 3GHz frequencies in which 4G network is operating, and hence antenna design for mmW 5G network is going to be significantly different. The purpose of this paper is to bring forth the unique challenges and opportunities of planar antenna design for mmW 5G network.

Design/methodology/approach

A lot of notable contemporary work has been investigated for this study and reported in this paper. A comparison of 4G and 5G technologies has been carried out to understand the difference between the air interface of two technologies that governs the antenna design. Important research gaps found after collating the work already done in the field have been bullet pointed for the use by many researchers working in this direction.

Findings

Several antenna design considerations have been laid out by the authors of this work, and it has been claimed that mmW 5G antenna design must satisfy these design considerations. In addition, prominent research gaps have been identified and thoroughly discussed.

Originality/value

As research in the field of mmW antenna design for 5G applications is still evolving, a lot of work is currently being done in this area. This study can prove to be important in understanding different challenges, opportunities and current state-of-art in the field of mmW planar antenna design for 5G cellular communication.

Details

Circuit World, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

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