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In addition to mechanical fixings such as screws, rivets and flanges, other means, including soldering, brazing and welding with filler metals, are used in assembling the metallic components of electron tubes. Although refractory materials like tungsten, molybdenum and tantalum are used in the majority of cases, iron, nickel and their alloys are also used. Special means have to be employed to weld these materials, including electron beam or constricted, low‐current arc welding processes.

The purpose of this paper is to present a study on miniaturized instruments for analytical chemistry with a microplasma as the excitation source.

The atmospheric pressure glow microdischarge could be ignited inside a ceramic structure between a solid anode and a liquid cathode. As a result of the cathode sputtering of the solution, it was possible to determine its chemical composition by analyzing the emission spectra of the discharge. Cathodes with microfluidic channels and two types of anodes were constructed. Both types were tested through experimentation. Impact of the electrodes geometry on the discharge was established. A cathode aperture of various sizes and anodes made from different materials were used.

The spectroscopic properties of the discharge and its usefulness in the analysis depended on the ceramic structure. The surface area of the cathode aperture and the flow rate of the solution influence on the detection limits (DLs) of Zn and Cd.

Constructed ceramic structures were able to excite elements and their laboratory-size systems. During the experiments, Zn and Cd were detected with DLs 0.024 and 0.053 mg/L, respectively.

The purpose of this paper is a presentation of a miniature vertical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma generators. The presented devices, with sub- and superstrate, were made using low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC). Such construction allowed to measure discharge spectra and device temperature easily.

The generators were made in the Du Pont 951 system with silver vertical metallizations and PdAg contacts. The devices had electrodes with different width and height. Also, the distance between them could be established. They were placed on substrate with buried temperature sensor and covered with a ceramic lid. The lid had opening to measure emitted light. Different configurations of vertical DBD were tested.

Geometry of vertical metallizations influences on spectra, as well as distance between them. Signal-to-noise ratio had a maximum for certain generators and can be measured by the intensity of highest peak.

Height of vertical metallizations is limited by the difference in shrinkage of LTCC tape and via paste. Parameters of temperature sensors vary between measurements, according to rapid changes of temperature and presence of strong electric field.

The generators can be used for creating discharge for optical emission spectrometry. It is a convenient method to determine the amount of selected gas compounds.

This paper shows fabrication and performance of the novel vertical DBD generators with ceramic additions for convenient spectra measurement and monitoring temperature of the device during work.

The International Electronic Components Show in Paris in November, 1983, provided the occasion for a very successful meeting of ISHM‐France which attracted 170 attendees. The following presentations were given:

The purpose of this paper is to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles by green synthesis technique and study its structural, morphological and optical properties. The prepared samples were calcined at, 200°C, 300°C and 500°C, and the variation in the properties at different temperatures were investigated.

Green approach has been used in the present work to synthesise the CaO nanoparticles using Murraya Koenigii leaf (curry leaves) extract as a capping agent. This technique involves the use of nontoxic reagents and natural products derived from various parts of plants.

Studies reveal that CaO nanoparticles with good optical properties can be synthesized successfully by green approach. The optical absorbance spectra show a broad absorption peak around 400–500 nm. FTIR studies confirm the presence of different functional groups that help in the stabilization of CaO nanoparticles. PL emission spectra show a high intensity emission peak at around 231 nm in addition to peaks at 375 nm and 400 nm. XRD studies show planes of CaO cubic phase. SEM images show a nonuniform distribution of spherical particles along with some clusters. EDX spectra confirm the presence of calcium and oxygen.

CaO nanoparticles have wide applications in optical devices as well as in phototherapy. It is thus interesting to devise new and eco-friendly techniques to synthesise these nanoparticles to suit these applications.

This work would provide a new insight into the preparation of different metal oxide nanoparticles by a very simple and cost-effective green technique without the use of toxic reagents.

SINCE the introduction of plasma are welding, in its simplest form, the process and technology has made extremely rapid strides. It is the object of this paper to explain, in simple terms, the various types of plasma systems, equipments and applications for which they can be used.

This paper aims to present a design and simulation of electrostatic nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS)-based logic gates using laterally actuated cantilever with double-electrode structure that can implement logic functions, similar to logic devices that are made of solid-state transistors which operates at 5 V.

The analytical modeling of NEMS switch is carried out for finding the pull-in and pull-out voltage based on Euler-Bernoulli’s beam theory, and its numerical simulation is performed using finite element method computer-aided design tool COVENTORWARE.

This paper reports analytical and numerical simulation of basic NEMS switch to realize the logic gates. The proposed logic gate operates on 5 V which suits well with conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic which in turn reduces the power consumption of the device.

The proposed logic gates use a single bit NEMS switch per logic instead of using 6-14 individual transistors as in CMOS. One exclusive feature of this proposed logic gates is that the basic NEMS switch is structurally modified to function as specific logic gates depending upon the given inputs.

The purpose of this paper is to design an out-of-plane micro electro-thermal-compliant actuator based logic gates which work analogously to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based logic gates. The proposed logic gates used a single-bit mechanical micro ETC actuator per logic instead of using 6-14 individual transistors as in CMOS.

A complete analytical modelling is performed on a single ETC vertical actuator, and a relation between the applied voltage and the out-of-plane deflection is derived. Its coupled electro-thermo-mechanical analysis is carried out using micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) CAD tool CoventorWare to illustrate its performance.

This paper reports analytical and numerical simulation of basic MEMS ETC actuator-based logic gates. The proposed logic gate operates on 5 V, which suits well with conventional CMOS logic, which in turn reduces the power consumption of the device.

The proposed logic gates uses a single-bit MEMS ETC actuator per logic instead of using more transistors as in CMOS. The unique feature of this proposed logic gates is that the basic mechanical ETC actuator is customized in its structure to function as specific logic gates depending upon the given inputs.