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This study aims to assess the performance of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel against pure wear, tribo-corrosion, corrosion and the synergism between wear and corrosion. The effect of plasma nitriding conducted at low temperature (380°C) on SAF 2205 steel was analyzed.

Three systems were used for assessing the synergism between wear and corrosion: tribo-corrosion – wear tests conducted using the micro-scale abrasion test, performed under a slurry of alumina particles containing 3.5% NaCl; pure wear – tests conducted using the previous system but isolated in a glovebox with a 99% N2 atmosphere; and cyclic polarization under 3.5% NaCl solution. A hard nitrided layer of 3 µm thickness was characterized using X-ray diffraction, presenting expanded austenite.

The wear mode after micro-scale abrasion tests changed in the absence of an oxygen atmosphere. During pure wear, a mixed mode was identified (rolling + grooving), with the grooving mode more intense for the untreated steel. For tribo-corrosion tests, only rolling wear was identified. For all cases, the nitrided samples presented less wear. The corrosion results indicated a higher repassivation potential for the nitrided condition.

The synergism was more positive for the nitrided sample than for the untreated one, which can be considered for surface treatments of duplex stainless steels in practical applications.

A detailed description of wear mechanisms showed a significant change in the presence of oxygen atmosphere, a new approach for isolating pure wear.

In this study the microstructure and wear characteristics of Multilayer AlCrN coated AISI 410 stainless steel with the physical vapor deposition technique.

The friction and wear performance of the ML-AlCrN-coated AISI410 steel and uncoated AISI410 steel sliding against with high carbon steel were investigated by the ball cratering test at room temperature. The tribological characteristic of coated AISI410 steel was determined by applying constant sliding velocity of 0.3927 ms⁻¹ and total sliding distance of 353.43 m over various normal loads of 2, 3 and 4 N.

The AlCrN-coated AISI410 steel showed excellent wear performance up to 4 N load. The uncoated AISI410 steel showed good to acceptable wear resistance up to 2 N load. The wear tracks and worn surface were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) attachment for explaining the differences in wear mechanism.

The ability of coating to delay substrate oxidation, with an excellent wear resistance, was identified under different parameters on worn areas.

Purpose: We respond to a call for studies of “embodied experiences of stigma in context” by investigating how transgender embodiment shapes perceived needs for access to and experiences of “sex-specific” cancer screenings (SSCS) (e.g., breast and prostate exams, Pap smears) in the North American healthcare system.

Design/Methodology/Approach: We analyze data from semistructured interviews with a diverse sample of 35 transgender-identified adults. Based on thematic narrative analysis, we explore four themes in relation to embodiment: discrimination; discomfort and hyperawareness of genitalia; strategic reframing and active management; and SSCS health care encounters as positive and gender affirming.

Findings: In relation to SSCS, transgender individuals experience discrimination, do emotion work, and actively manage situations to obtain needed health care, and sometimes forego care because barriers are insurmountable. Health care providers' responses to transgender embodiment can disrupt health care encounters, but they can also facilitate access and create opportunities for affirmation, agency, advocacy, and new forms of interaction. Embodiment- and gender-affirming interactions with health care providers, which varied by gender, emerged as key influences on participants' experiences of SSCS.

Research Limitations/Implications: Our sample primarily includes binary gender-identified individuals, and while our interview guide covered many topics, the SSCS question did not explicitly reference testicular exams.

Practical Implications: Cancer prevention and detection Cancer prevention and detection require health care professionals who are prepared for differently embodied persons. Preventive cancer screenings are not “sex-specific”; they are relevant to individuals with medically necessary needs regardless of gender identity or embodiment.

Social Implications

Originality/Value: Few medical sociologists have focused on transgender embodiment. Findings enhance our understanding of how transgender embodiment and minority stress processes influence access to needed SSCS.

This paper aims to investigate the structural, tribological and electrochemical properties of Ag₂O, ZnO, NiO coatings and Ag₂O/ZnO/NiO nanocomposite films deposited on commercially pure titanium.

Ceramic thin films (Ag₂O, ZnO, NiO coatings and Ag₂O/ZnO/NiO nanocomposite film) were deposited on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) substrate. Surface characterization of the uncoated and coated samples was made by structural surveys (scanning electron microscopic examinations and X-ray diffraction analyses), hardness measurements, tribological and corrosion experiments.

Results were indicated that sol-gel coatings improved the wear and corrosion resistance of CP-Ti, and the best results were seen at the nanocomposite coating. It may be attributed to its small grain size, high surface hardness and high film thickness.

This study can be a practical reference and offers insight into the influence of nanocomposite ceramic films on the increase of hardness, tribological and corrosion performance. Also, the paper displayed a promising approach to produce Ag₂O/ZnO/NiO nanocomposite coating on commercially pure titanium implants for biomedical applications.

The effect of cryogenic heat treatment on the mechanical properties of different materials has been frequently investigated by researchers in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to investigate wear behaviour of monolayer, multilayer and nanocomposite coatings after cryogenic heat treatment. It is a first in its field in terms of both the heat treatment used and the coatings examined.

The aCN/TiAlN, TiAlN and ncTiAlSiN hard coatings deposited on the AISI D2 steel substrate were subjected to cryogenic heat treatment at −145^oC and −196^oC for 24 h and then tempered at 200^oC for 2 h. Then, the samples were subjected to wear tests of 5, 10 and 15 N three different load values. The wear mechanisms occurring on the wear surfaces were determined by scanning electron microscope supported by EDS.

Oxidation, fatigue and delamination wear mechanisms were realized on the surfaces of the samples subjected to dry sliding wear test. The wear resistance of S1 increased with cryogenic heat treatment. According to the wear test results of the untreated samples, it was found that the samples with lower hardness than the others had higher wear resistance. The wear resistance of S1 and S2 samples was increased by cryogenic heat treatment. The best wear resistance in all parameters was obtained by S1. Oxidation in the S1 was found to have a positive effect on wear resistance. According to EDS results after wear of S2, chromium-rich layer was found on the surface of the material. It is understood that cryogenic heat treatment causes carbide precipitation in the inner structure of the substrate material.

The effect of cryogenic heat treatment on the mechanical properties of different materials has been frequently investigated by researchers in recent years. In this study, wear behaviour of monolayer, multilayer and nanocomposite coatings after cryogenic heat treatment was investigated. It is a first in its field in terms of both the heat treatment used and the coatings examined.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2020-0111/

This study aims to produce lubricating surfaces with micro-channels by the selective laser melting (SLM) method, and to investigate their tribological behavior.

In this study, three kinds of samples with different geometries were designed, impregnated with oil and then subjected to flow analysis in a virtual environment using Ansys Fluent software. According to the results of these analyses, the best-lubricated surface geometry sample was identified, and a number of geometries were produced by SLM, which is one of the additive manufacturing methods. Tribological tests were performed using a pin-on-disk tribometer with a stainless steel ball as the contact surface. The structural and morphological features were investigated by a three-dimensional profilometer and scanning electron microscopy.

The results obtained showed that the impregnated oil reached the surface of the sample compared to untreated samples, and it was seen that the wear rates were reduced, and that the impregnated oil samples exhibited the highest wear resistance.

In this study, solid geometries that are difficult to be produced by other methods are produced with additive manufacturing method, and the surfaces have been given lubricating properties.

This study aims to investigate the high-temperature wear behavior of the TiN- and AlTiN/TiSiN-coated WC materials.

The coating process was carried out using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. Wear tests were performed by a ball-on-disc wear device with a high-temperature wear module. In microstructural investigation of the materials, it was benefited from traditional characterization methods such as, SEM, EDX analysis and microhardness measurement.

The best wear performance was obtained with AlTiN/TiSiN-coated WC materials at all loads and temperatures, followed by TiN-coated and uncoated WC samples. An important wear was not observed on the samples tested at room temperature tests. It was found that the temperature increase is an effective parameter on the decrease of the wear resistance of the samples. In addition, it was seen that the increasing load and temperature change the wear mechanism on the uncoated WC sample. The wear mechanisms observed at high temperatures were delamination and oxidation for the WC, fatigue for AlTiN/TiSiN-coated WC and micro-scratch and micro-spalling for TiN-coated WC.

The results of the experimental studies demonstrated that hard coatings improving wear resistance of WC.

This report aims to study the influence of applied potentials on the corrosion-wear behavior of 316L stainless steel (SS) in artificial seawater.

In this study, wear-corrosion behavior of 316L SS had been studied under different applied potentials in artificial seawater by using a reformed pin-on-disc test rig. The applied potentials were selected ranging from –1.2 to 0.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The friction coefficient, mass loss rate and current density were determined.

It was indicated that mass loss was determined by the combined effect of mechanical wear and chemical corrosion. The wear-corrosion process was synergistic effects dominate while mechanical wear contributed the major material mass loss.

The results helped us to choose the appropriate metals for application under the specified environment.

The main originality of this research is to reveal the corrosion-wear behavior of 316L SS under different potentials, which would help us to understand different states of 316L SS under different corrosion environments.