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Metalworking fluids are applied in metal working operations in order to decrease tribological effects and increase economy. Primarily they are used for cooling the tools and the workpieces and also for lubricating the cutting edges. The components of metalworking fluids responsible for decrease in friction are AW/EP additives. To comply with the very strong European legislation for human and environmental protection, important compounds for metalworking fluids formulation are reduced. Based on this, chlorinated paraffin, a widely used AW/EP additive, should be replaced with less harmful compounds. The application possibility of new types of AW/EP additives as chlorinated paraffin replacements is investigated in this paper. These additives are synthetic esters of carboxylic fatty acids, phosphoric and dithiophosphoric acid derivatives. Watermiscible metalworking fluids formulations are prepared with the new types of additives and examined at laboratory test machines–EP‐Four ball, Wear‐Four ball machine and Reichert balance machine.

No one particular fluid has cooling and lubrication properties suitable for every metalworking application. The purpose of this paper is first, to investigate the effect of anionic and nonionic mixed emulsifier system in stabilization of cutting fluid formulations and second, to study the interaction synergism of the fulfill additives of metalworking fluids to achieve low scar diameters, high stability, anti rusting and corrosion properties.

A lot of set mixtures in this work were formulated to get the demand needed for soluble oil metalworking fluids. It was based on a blend of emulsifier package (anionic‐non ionic), and in order to reach acceptable manufacturing conditions, coupling agent, stabilizer, biocide, base oil and anti‐rust additives were added to the formulation. Different percentages of these components were incorporated to optimize the stability of the emulsifier system. Standard tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions as lubricating and cooling fluids in machining operations. The evaluation was drawn in five factors; oil stability, emulsion stability, pH, anti‐rust (corrosion inhibition), biological activity and extreme pressure performance tests.

All tests achieved excellent results according to the ASTM. From the obtained results, the formula (named EPRI 950) exhibited a good performance compared with the commercial cutting fluid.

This work investigates the effect of anionic and nonionic mixed emulsifier system in stabilization of cutting fluid formulations; and the interaction synergism of the fulfill additives of metalworking fluids to achieve low scar diameters, high stability, anti‐rusting and corrosion properties.

Outlines the increasing use of unconventional metalworking fluids as one of the measures necessary for manufacturing industries to take to maintain their competitiveness, focusing on Germany. Notes environmental concerns and describes the use of base fluids, additives and the testing compatibility with machine tool elements.

This paper aims to formulate a new metal working fluid (MWF) composition including some eco-friendly emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitor, biocide, and non- edible vegetable oil (castor oil) as the base oil. To achieve this aim, five MWFs with different hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value as 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5 and 8 were prepared to identify the optimum HLB value that gives a highly stable oil-in-water emulsion. The performance of castor oil based MWF was evaluated using tool chip tribometer and drill dynamometer. The surface morphology of steel disc and friction pin was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D profilometer. The results revealed that the use of the prepared cutting fluid (E1) caused the cutting force to decrease from 500 N for dry high-speed steel sample to 280N, while the same value for a commercial cutting fluid (COM) was recorded as 340 N at drilling speed and cutting feed force as 1120 rpm and 4 mm/min., respectively.

A castor oil-based metalworking fluid was prepared using nonionic surfactants. The composition of the metalworking fluid was further optimized by adding performance-enhancing additives. The performance of castor oil based MWF was analyzed using Tool chip tribometer and Drill dynamometer. The surface morphology of steel ball and a disc was done using 3D profilometer and SEM.

Studies revealed that castor oil-based MWF having Monoethanolamine (MEA) as corrosion inhibitor was found to be highly stable. The drilling dynamometer and tool chip tribometer studies showed that castor oil-based MWF performance was comparable to that of commercial MWF.

This study aims to explore the performance of the castor oil based metalworking fluid (MWF) using tool chip tribometer and drill dynamometer.

The conventional MWFs are petroleum derives and are unsustainable. Use of non-edible plant-based oils for preparing the MWF will not only be conserved environment but also add value addition to agricultural crops.

The social Implications is aiming to decrease the environmental impact that results from the using of mineral cutting fluids.

The originality of this work is to replace the mineral oil and synthetic oil based cutting fluids with more eco-friendly alternatives one. In addition, the investigation will focus on developing functional additives required for cutting fluids which are environmentally benign.

The metalworking (MW) fluid industry accounts for approximately 5 per cent of the total world market for lubricants. MW fluids rely upon good formulation expertise and effective chemical additives. It is becoming increasingly apparent that in order to provide chemical additives that meet the increasing demands of the MW fluids market, additive suppliers have to provide increasing amounts of information regarding the performance and environmental impact of their additives.