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This paper gives a review of the finite element techniques (FE) applied in the area of material processing. The latest trends in metal forming, non‐metal forming and powder metallurgy are briefly discussed. The range of applications of finite elements on the subjects is extremely wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore the aim of the paper is to give FE users only an encyclopaedic view of the different possibilities that exist today in the various fields mentioned above. An appendix included at the end of the paper presents a bibliography on finite element applications in material processing for the last five years, and more than 1100 references are listed.

Corrosion‐resistant tubing. The steady increase in production and the application of corrosive liquids intensifies the problem of conveying them via a pipeline. Undoubtedly carbon is theoretically the best medium because of its resistance to almost all corrosive chemicals, even in the hot state. It is, however, comparatively fragile when in the form of tubes and can generally be used only for low pressure and for short pipelines. Talbot Stead Tube Co. Ltd. have now overcome this handicap with a new type of patented tubing known as Metica. This is in effect two tubes; an inner tube of carbon or graphite is protected by an outer tube of metal, a combination giving both resistance and high mechanical strength. This tubing is now commercially available together with special fittings that ensure continuity of carbon in the pipe.

Stainless‐steel Tubes in Condenser. Power companies, using a non‐ferrous metal, replaced tubing in their steam condensers after five to eight years' service at Elrama, on the Monongahela River, eastern U.S.A. Two years ago, one of the companies re‐tubed with stainless steel. Now, the new No. 4 unit of the Duquesne Light Co. which will be completed next month includes a condenser containing 15,412 Type 304 stainless‐steel tubes, a large portion of which were supplied by Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, each having a life expectancy of 30 years. The overall condensing surface area is 105,000 sq. ft. Exhaust steam from the low‐pressure turbine is condensed and returned to the boiler where it is converted into high — pressure steam to run the 165,000‐kw. turbine generator. Approximately 90,000 gal./min. of river water are pumped through the two‐pass condenser, which is capable of condensing 850,000 lb./hr. An electronic tube roller is used to seal the ends of the tubes in tube sheets with stainless steel.

Polythene tubes and fittings Polyorc A polythene tubes have been recommended by the manufacturers for a wide variety of chemical and general engineering purposes. They are flexible and easily bent, non‐toxic and non‐contaminating, unaffected by corrosive soils and waters and suitable for a wide range of chemicals, light in weight, tough and resilient.

Dutch power companies recently have become aware of a hazard due to the presence of radioactive ²¹⁰Pb in their boilers. In an investigation conducted by KEMA in The Netherlands it was discovered that ²¹⁰Pb isotope accumulates within fire‐side deposit layers that form on membrane waterwall tubes. Because the measured levels of total radioactivity exceeded the governmental regulation limit of 100 Bq/g, refurbishment activities in the boiler are subject to governmental authorization and must be conducted under the supervision of authorised radiation protection officers. The ²¹⁰Pb material originates from decay of ²³⁸U, which is present in small amounts in coal. During combustion of the coal, heavy metals such as Pb evaporate and are present in the flue gas in the form of Pb, PbCl, PbCl₂, PbS, PbS₂ or PbSO₄, dependent on the gas environment and temperature. These volatile products subsequently will condense at lower temperatures on the waterwall tubes in the boiler.

The end of this month will see Britain's biggest display of products and processes designed to prevent the onset of corrosion in all its forms. At the Royal Horticultural Society's New Hall, in Westminster, there will be over a hundred stands on view to visitors to the Exhibition which will run from April 27 to 30 inclusive. Here is C.T.'s exclusive preview. Stand descriptions are grouped under various headings, but the fact that a firm's exhibits are described under one heading does not necessarily mean that its interests are confined solely to that group of products. The grouping of exhibitors in this preview is merely intended to facilitate visitors who are interested in particular aspects of corrosion prevention.

To illustrate methodologically and conceptually how understanding of entrepreneurial management can be enhanced through a discourse perspective which focuses on discourse as both noun and verb, encompassing discursive resources and discursive practices.

An ethnographic study of SME managers and their companies, which deployed a discourse perspective to managing, organising and learning. Through two case study companies the paper explores how managers' formal management learning influenced their organisation practice.

Demonstrates how significant communicative acts are to understanding a company. Illustrates how apparent organisation dysfunction might be analysed and sense made of it.

By differentiating between discursive practice and discursive resource it shows that entrepreneurship research can be enriched through ethnographic study of both the content of communication between organisation members and their communicative practices.

Illustrates a method of gaining insight into dysfunctional organisational processes. Provides new ways of understanding and researching the interconnections between learning, knowledge and management in small enterprises.

In the small firm sector there are still few empirical discursive analyses of organization and managing. Discursive organization studies have also tended to be undervalued as “an obsession with talk” and “an intellectual luxury”. This article addresses both these gaps, both offering evidence of the practical utility of the methodological approach for advancing organisation understanding and providing a rare empirical discursive study of managing in SMEs.

A Selection of Equipment of Use in the Production and Maintenance of Aircraft, Missiles, Space Vehicles and Components. A new company has been formed within the Pillar Holdings Ltd. Group of Companies to market a new process for joining all types of metal tubing. Pilag Engineering Ltd. of Norreys Drive, Maidenhead, Berks., hold the sole licence for its production in the United Kingdom. Pilag has commenced production of the couplings, initially in ¼ in. to ½ in. diameter aluminium and copper tubing only. Later production will not only cover an increased size range up to 1 in. in diameter, but include production of mild and stainless steel in addition to a complete range of central heating and plumbing fittings.