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DeLone and McLean (D&M) has been amongst the most widely used models to assess the success elements of information systems (IS) since 1992. A decade later in 2003, D&M proposed a revised design that included several components which have been left out of original proposed model. This study aims to rely on the review of a number of papers casing the era 2011–2022 that satisfies a specific set of requirements to identify the research gaps in this area and to prepare a future research agenda.

This study is a systematic review: a technique that identifies and evaluates pertinent research. This gathers and analyses data from selected studies with objective to catalogue all empirical research studies, which responds to a certain study topic or hypothesis to meets predetermined inclusion criteria. Data collection method was divided into four stages, and selection details are determined through flow chart.

This research discovered D&M 2003 model use in many contexts, countries and cultures to better comprehend the topic and addresses its gaps, particularly with regard to public sector and its particularities. Publications have frequently emphasized the significance of this idea while studying public sector information systems by using associated variables-related items. Findings also include a summary of key components and dimensions used in reviewed studies in relation to each of the seven variables, and associated particularities in government sector over the world.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first ever effort in this developing country in discipline of Information Management to execute such kind of study to review D&M ISS model in detail at this stage to evaluate nonacademic public sector information systems around the world.

Digital Libraries are complex, and this complexity is a motive to study user success on the behalf of appropriate user success models. These models comprise the factors which play a part between people, technology and organizations. The purpose of this study was to specify and examine an integrated digital library user success (IDLUS) model within the context of digital library settings, Higher Education Commission National Digital Library (HEC-NDL) of Pakistan, by adopting and reusing the existing digital library and Web success models.

Stratified random sampling technique was used to choose the sample from the University of the Punjab, a highly ranked public sector university in Pakistan. Participants were asked to complete an adapted survey questionnaire. A total of 355 completed and usable questionnaires were obtained. Data analyses through confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling produced the results that have supported the proposed IDLUS model. The proposed IDLUS model was tested and supported through model fit statistics in the academic computing environment of the HEC-NDL of Pakistan.

Findings revealed that relationships between the latent variables hypothesized in the model were confirmed.

The study has both theoretical and practical ramifications for academicians and information system designers and developers.

The IDLUS model is recommended first time in the history of librarianship in Pakistan as an overall user success model in the digital library information system computing environment. That made numerous recommendations for future research in the field of information management, particularly for digital library development at national and international levels.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the ownership concentration and cost of equity of firms in Pakistan context. Moreover, this study also investigates how the presence of disclosure quality and governance quality affects the relationship between ownership concentration and the cost of equity of firms.

Data are collected from six non-financial sectors listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period of 2015–2019. This study uses pooled ordinary least square (OLS) method to validate the proposed hypothesis in STATA.

The study found a positive and significant relationship between ownership concentration and cost of equity. The results also show that better disclosure and governance quality negatively moderates the relationship between ownership concentration and cost of equity.

The findings of this study will help firm managers to implement a high level of disclosure and governance quality in firms to reduce agency problems which will further help a firm in reducing the firm's cost of equity. Furthermore, this study is valuable for practitioners regarding thinking about the process of designing ownership structures to protect minority shareholders' rights, especially in emerging markets.

The novelty of this study is having better disclosure quality and more board independence members helps firms with higher ownership concentration in reducing the cost of equity.