Search results

1 – 10 of over 3000
Article
Publication date: 1 August 2005

Süleyman Gündüz and Mustafa Acarer

To provide new observations about dynamic strain ageing in medium carbon microalloyed steels which are used for automotive applications.

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Abstract

Purpose

To provide new observations about dynamic strain ageing in medium carbon microalloyed steels which are used for automotive applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The present work aims to provide theoretical and practical information to industries or researchers who maybe interested in the effects of dynamic strain ageing on mechanical properties of microalloyed steel. The sources are sorted into sections: introduction, experimental procedure, results and discussion, conclusion.

Findings

Microalloyed medium carbon steel was susceptible to dynamic strain ageing where serrated flow is observed at temperatures between 200 and 350°C. In this temperature regime, ultimate tensile strength and proof stress exhibit maximum values, however, elongation to fracture showed a decrease until 250°C, after which it increased. Above 350°C, a sharp decrease in tensile strength and proof stress were observed. Abrasive wear resistance of the microalloyed medium carbon steel was also increased at temperatures between 200 and 350°C due to dynamic strain ageing.

Research limitations/implications

A search of the literature indicated that although there is considerable volume of information related to dynamic strain ageing in mild steel or in low‐carbon steel no extensive investigation has been made of dynamic strain ageing in microalloyed steel due to the ease with which nitrogen is combined AlN, VN, NbN, etc. which perhaps increase its implications.

Practical implications

A very useful source of information for industries using or planning to produce microalloyed steels.

Originality/value

This paper fulfils an identified resource need and offers practical help to the industries.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 57 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1969

R. Drewett

THE METHODS available for the application of chromium coatings are listed in Table 2. Until recently most chromium coatings have been applied either by electrodeposition or…

Abstract

THE METHODS available for the application of chromium coatings are listed in Table 2. Until recently most chromium coatings have been applied either by electrodeposition or chemical vapour deposition. Vacuum and powder‐coating techniques are breaking through in strip‐coating, and electrodeposition has also been investigated extensively since steel, having a thin ‘flash‐coating’ of chromium, can compete successfully with tin‐plate.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Article
Publication date: 12 July 2011

Sunday J. Ojolo, Olatunde Damisa and Oluwatoyin Iyekolo

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the use of solid lubricant during orthogonal machining of carbon steels. This is a pioneer work in Nigeria. Most works have been on…

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Abstract

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the use of solid lubricant during orthogonal machining of carbon steels. This is a pioneer work in Nigeria. Most works have been on oblique cutting using conventional oil as lubricants.

Design/methodology/approach

Different steels (low, medium and high carbon) were machined at different cutting conditions and tool geometries to determine the effects on surface characteristics while applying solid lubricant.

Findings

The results showed considerable improvement in the surface finish with the use of solid lubricant. There was also a decrease in surface roughness values as compared to wet machining.

Research limitations/implications

Further works on solid lubricant's effects on cutting force and residual stress could be done.

Practical implications

From the findings of this work, solid lubricant use can be advocated as a better alternative to conventional cutting fluid. It is easily recoverable from the chips after machining.

Originality/value

So far, in Nigeria, solid lubricant has not been exploited as coolant during machining. This paper will be a platform for other researches on solid lubricants as coolant during cutting/machining in Nigeria.

Details

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, vol. 9 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1726-0531

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 October 2005

S.O. Jekayinfa, M.A. Waheed, K.A. Adebiyi and F.T. Adebiyi

The cheapest and most rapidly available metal for agro‐processing equipment fabrication in Nigeria is plain carbon steel. However, there are some aggressive ions present in raw…

Abstract

Purpose

The cheapest and most rapidly available metal for agro‐processing equipment fabrication in Nigeria is plain carbon steel. However, there are some aggressive ions present in raw agricultural and food products, which may attack the steel components of these processing machinery, resulting in their untimely failure in service. The present study investigates the effect of fluid squeezed from cassava tuber on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel.

Design/methodology/approach

The investigation involved periodic weight loss measurements of 0.8 per cent carbon and 0.36 per cent carbon steel rods as they were exposed to cassava fluid. The relationships between loss in weight of the exposed samples and exposure period were determined. Models were developed to relate corrosion rate in each environment with total surface area and exposure period.

Findings

The results show that 0.36 per cent carbon steel was less affected by corrosion than 0.18 per cent carbon steel, with corrosion intensity in both cases, increasing with duration of immersion. Generally, there was low level of corrosion resistance (high corrosion rate) by the two steel materials. The correlation coefficient between the experimental values of corrosion rates and predicted values (using the developed models) was high.

Originality/value

In food and agricultural industries, product quality, health and sanitation issues are the major concerns. The industries cannot tolerate corrosion deposits in the manufactured products. Hence, material selection for machinery fabrication is essential. In line with this, the results of this study indicate that mild steel materials are unsuitable for use in cassava processing without some forms of surface treatment.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 52 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 29 July 2019

Guanghong Wang, Guangwei He, Shengguan Qu, Hao Li, Mushun Zhou and Husheng Zhang

Fretting wear exists widely in the field of matching mechanical parts whereas previous research studies mostly focus on the point contact through a ball-plate tribometer. This…

Abstract

Purpose

Fretting wear exists widely in the field of matching mechanical parts whereas previous research studies mostly focus on the point contact through a ball-plate tribometer. This paper aims to study the influence of wear debris on the fretting wear characteristics of the nitrided medium carbon steel under line contact condition at elevated temperature.

Design/methodology/approach

Fretting wear behavior of the nitrided medium carbon steel was experimentally investigated under line contact condition at elevated temperature and different normal loads without lubrication. Wear loss, worn surface and wear debris were studied to analyze the wear mechanism of nitrided steel.

Findings

The results showed that surface hardness of the medium carbon steel was notably improved because of the generation of a 230 µm nitrided case. Wear loss increased with the normal load, which was associated with the damage of a thin solid film formed by the wear debris, consisting of iron oxides and chromium oxide rather than only iron or iron oxides. The wear debris became partially amorphous and spherical because it was trapped within the contact interface and was ground, rolled, oxidized under line contact conditions. The spherical wear debris acted as a third body and formed a lubricating film between the contact faces. This lubricating film helped to stabilize the friction coefficient and reduced the wear rate, which further caused the acceleration of wear volume to gradually decrease. The wear mechanisms of the nitrided steel were oxidation wear, abrasive wear and fatigue spalling of the oxide layer.

Originality/value

The findings are helpful to understand the fretting wear behavior of the friction pair under line contact and enrich the fretting tribology theory.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 73 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 30 March 2010

A.G.F. Alabi, T.K. Ajiboye and H.D. Olusegun

Developing countries are now fully aware of the importance of the manufacturing sector as a key factor of growth and transformation of their economy. Improved technology and…

Abstract

Purpose

Developing countries are now fully aware of the importance of the manufacturing sector as a key factor of growth and transformation of their economy. Improved technology and method of manufacturing have produced quality products at reduced cost and this has advanced development. The study uses experimental methods based on orthogonal cutting process to measure the cutting forces using a dynamometer while machining the test specimen with a diamond cutting tool at 5° rake angle. The machining forces for the dry cutting are higher than the wet cutting in the range of 31.2‐44.31, 32.09‐40.67, 29.10‐35.62, 29.21‐45.03 and 29.94‐38.74 percent for “as received”, normalized, tempered, annealed and hardened specimen, respectively. For annealed and hardened test specimen, the cutting speed of 245 rpm is ideal for machining when it gives a fine surface finish. Also for precision machining, dry turning is by far a better cost saver and cleaner option than wet turning. This is because though wet machining is relatively more expensive, it is hazardous to health. Normalized and annealed specimens require lower cutting forces and chip formation is slow. Tempering and annealing medium carbon steel facilitated rapid machining and chip formation is rapid. It is therefore an advantage to temper or anneal medium carbon steel before processing into component parts in the manufacturing industry as it saves cost and gives fine component surface finish. The paper aims to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Tensile samples are prepared from medium carbon steel. These prepared samples were later subjected to heat‐treatment operations (normalizing, hardening, tempering and annealing). Tensile test were carried out to obtain the materials' sensitive properties used in the modeling equations. An experimental method based on orthogonal cutting is adopted to measure the machining forces using techquipment dynamometer.

Findings

It is observed that as tu increases, Fc increases for all conditions, i.e. as tu increases, tool‐chip contact area increases and increasing frictional force, also volume of metal removal increase resulting in increasing energy input. Fc values is highest for the normalized followed by that of the annealed. They are less for hardened and tempered. This is because of the mode of chip formation whereby ductile structures give continuous chips as against discontinuous structure for the hardened and quenched structures. Input energy is high for the former and low for the later. This is confirmed by the m values and observed chips.

Research limitations/implications

There is no limitation, except for the instrumentation. On availability of the appropriate equipment, like the Kystler dynamometer for the correct reading of the experimental results.

Practical implications

The implication is limited to the workshop hazard during the experiment.

Originality/value

The research work is original.

Details

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, vol. 8 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1726-0531

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 2004

Mümin Sahin and H. Erol Akata

In the presented study, AISI 1040 medium carbon steel and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel parts were joined by friction welding. The welding process was carried out under…

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Abstract

In the presented study, AISI 1040 medium carbon steel and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel parts were joined by friction welding. The welding process was carried out under optimized conditions using statistical approach. Tension tests were applied to welded parts to obtain the strength of the joints. Fatigue properties were additionally obtained experimentally under fluctuated tensile loads. Finally, notch impact tests were applied to the joints. Microstructures using microphotographs were examined in the heat affected zone of welded parts. Hardness variations in welding zone were also obtained. Experimental results were compared with those of previous studies.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 56 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 February 2019

Blaoui Mohammed Mossaab, Mokhtar Zemri and Mustapha Arab

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of medium carbon steel microstructure on the tensile strength and fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of medium carbon steel microstructure on the tensile strength and fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this aim, four different heat treatment methods (normalizing, quenching, tempering at 300°C and tempering at 600°C) were considered. Microstructural evolution was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. FCG rate tests were conducted on the resultant microstructures with compact tension specimens at room temperature by a standard testing method.

Findings

The results show that the normalized microstructure had the largest number of cycles to failure, indicating a high fatigue resistance, followed by the as received, tempered at 600°C, tempered at 300°C and quenched microstructure.

Originality/value

The paper shows the influence of the microstructure on the fatigue-propagation behavior with the definition of the Paris parameters of each heat treatment condition.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 June 2021

Olanrewaju Moses Adesusi, Olayide Rasaq Adetunji, Tunji John Erinle, Iliyasu Kayode Okediran, Olumide Olufunso Akinpelu and Samuel Oluyemi Ipadeola

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms of low alloyed medium-carbon steel (LAMCS) corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 inhibited by seeds oils of rubber (SOR), Neem (SON…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms of low alloyed medium-carbon steel (LAMCS) corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 inhibited by seeds oils of rubber (SOR), Neem (SON) and Jatropha (SOJ) containing varying degree of free fatty acid (FFA).

Design/methodology/approach

Specific gravity, acid values and FFA compositions of oils were determined. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are techniques used to investigate the corrosion inhibition mechanisms with evaluated Gibbs free energy of adsorption.

Findings

Corrosion inhibition efficiencies of oils reached values >99% as obtained from PDP and EIS. Protective oxide layer was formed on LAMCS consequent on containment of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in the FFA of SOR, SON and SOJ, respectively. The SOR and SOJ are found to be mixed inhibitors, whereas SON behaved as anodic inhibitor. Mechanism of adsorption of SOR was synergistic between physisorption and chemisorption, while SON and SOJ exhibited physisorption. SEM micrographs images showed that uninhibited sample exhibited thicker mass of corrosion products. Formation of protective oxide layer was confirmed by XRD diffractograms.

Practical implications

This study has shown that the need for modification of vegetable seed oils containing FFA is unnecessary as the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of the FFA contained in the respective oil were found to be the center of adsorption of the oils on the steel surface. Hence, cost and by-products associated with modification of oils used as corrosion inhibitors are eliminated.

Originality/value

SOR, which has the highest percentage FFA, was found to be the most influential on the corrosion inhibition mechanism of LAMCS, specifically within 0.01–0.02 g/mL concentration. FFA contained in the respective seed oil aided formation of protective oxide layer at interface between H2SO4 and LAMCS, relative to amount composed.

Article
Publication date: 7 November 2008

A.S. Fouda, Y.A. El‐Ewady, O.M. Abo‐El‐Enien and F.A. Agizah

The purpose of this paper is to show the effect of cinnamoylmalononitrile (CMN) compounds on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in HCl and the effect of some substituent…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show the effect of cinnamoylmalononitrile (CMN) compounds on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in HCl and the effect of some substituent groups on the corrosion inhibition.

Design/methodology/approach

Several papers have been published (1900‐1999), which aimed to investigate and explain the effect of organic compounds on the corrosion inhibition process. Two methods were used to determine the corrosion rate, weight loss and galvanostatic polarization. Additionally, the effects of temperature and concentration of the inhibitors were studied. The thermodynamic parameters for the process were computed and discussed.

Findings

The paper finds that surface analytical techniques such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger spectroscopy can shed more light, on the mechanism of corrosion inhibition.

Research limitations/implications

The use of donating and withdrawing groups will improve understanding of the mechanisms of corrosion and inhibition. However, the paper does not use the technique of impedance measurement for comparison purposes.

Practical implications

Other steel alloys and compounds with large or small molecular weights can be used for comparison.

Originality/value

The use of CMN compounds as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in HCl provides more information on carbon steel corrosion for academic and starting researchers.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 55 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

1 – 10 of over 3000