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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2004

Using grey relational analysis to analyze the medical data

Tan Xuerui and Li Yuguang

Grey relational analysis (GRA) proposed by Deng Julong is very useful to analyze medical data. The essential thought of GRA is to find a grey relational order, which can…

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Abstract

Grey relational analysis (GRA) proposed by Deng Julong is very useful to analyze medical data. The essential thought of GRA is to find a grey relational order, which can be used to describe the relation between the related factors based on data series. The two‐grade difference is a traditional method of GRA and the three‐grade difference is an improved one. The basic steps and formulae of GRA are introduced and GRA is used to analyze the experiment medical data, clinical trial data, data of clinical study and ambulatory and grouping medical data.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 33 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920410514364
ISSN: 0368-492X

Keywords

  • Cybernetics
  • Relational databases
  • Data analysis
  • Medical administrative data processing
  • Medical information systems

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Article
Publication date: 14 August 2007

Clinical coding: how accurately is it done?

Y. Bajaj, J. Crabtree and A.G. Tucker

Clinical coding is a process of accurate translation of written medical terms into codes. The Payment by Results initiative has focused attention on the quality of…

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Abstract

Purpose

Clinical coding is a process of accurate translation of written medical terms into codes. The Payment by Results initiative has focused attention on the quality of clinical coded data as all income for in patient services is derived from coded clinical data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of clinical coded data by making comparisons between the information held on the dialect encoder system and the information recorded in the clinical case notes.

Design/methodology/approach

The 50 episodes for this study were randomly selected from a list of all episodes ending August 2005 within the ENT specialty in a teaching hospital.

Findings

There were only 17 (34 per cent) episodes with a structured summary within the case notes. Of the 50 recorded primary diagnoses 42 (84 per cent) were correctly coded. Of the 43 recorded primary procedures, 37 (86 per cent) were correctly coded.

Originality/value

This study promotes a better awareness of the impact of poor coding and gives recommendations that will be helpful to those involved in coding processes.

Details

Clinical Governance: An International Journal, vol. 12 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14777270710775873
ISSN: 1477-7274

Keywords

  • Hospitals
  • Medical administrative data processing
  • Codes
  • Medical information systems

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1997

Handbook of organizational measurement

James L. Price

Addresses the standardization of the measurements and the labels for concepts commonly used in the study of work organizations. As a reference handbook and research tool…

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Abstract

Addresses the standardization of the measurements and the labels for concepts commonly used in the study of work organizations. As a reference handbook and research tool, seeks to improve measurement in the study of work organizations and to facilitate the teaching of introductory courses in this subject. Focuses solely on work organizations, that is, social systems in which members work for money. Defines measurement and distinguishes four levels: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Selects specific measures on the basis of quality, diversity, simplicity and availability and evaluates each measure for its validity and reliability. Employs a set of 38 concepts ‐ ranging from “absenteeism” to “turnover” as the handbook’s frame of reference. Concludes by reviewing organizational measurement over the past 30 years and recommending future measurement reseach.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 18 no. 4/5/6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729710182260
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

  • Labelling
  • Measurement
  • Research
  • Work organization

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1977

Managerial Law

A distinction must be drawn between a dismissal on the one hand, and on the other a repudiation of a contract of employment as a result of a breach of a fundamental term…

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Abstract

A distinction must be drawn between a dismissal on the one hand, and on the other a repudiation of a contract of employment as a result of a breach of a fundamental term of that contract. When such a repudiation has been accepted by the innocent party then a termination of employment takes place. Such termination does not constitute dismissal (see London v. James Laidlaw & Sons Ltd (1974) IRLR 136 and Gannon v. J. C. Firth (1976) IRLR 415 EAT).

Details

Managerial Law, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022385
ISSN: 0309-0558

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2004

International textile and clothing research register

George K. Stylios

Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects…

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Abstract

Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09556220410794961
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

  • Clothing and accessories
  • Textile manufacturing processes
  • Technology led strategy

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Article
Publication date: 3 May 2011

Hospital cost structure in the USA: what's behind the costs? A business case

Charu Chandra, Sameer Kumar and Neha S. Ghildayal

Hospital costs in the USA are a large part of the national GDP. Medical billing and supplies processes are significant and growing contributors to hospital operations…

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Abstract

Purpose

Hospital costs in the USA are a large part of the national GDP. Medical billing and supplies processes are significant and growing contributors to hospital operations costs in the USA. This article aims to identify cost drivers associated with these processes and to suggest improvements to reduce hospital costs.

Design/methodology/approach

A Monte Carlo simulation model that uses @Risk software facilitates cost analysis and captures variability associated with the medical billing process (administrative) and medical supplies process (variable). The model produces estimated savings for implementing new processes.

Findings

Significant waste exists across the entire medical supply process that needs to be eliminated. Annual savings, by implementing the improved process, have the potential to save several billion dollars annually in US hospitals. The other analysis in this study is related to hospital billing processes. Increased spending on hospital billing processes is not entirely due to hospital inefficiency.

Research limitations/implications

The study lacks concrete data for accurately measuring cost savings, but there is obviously room for improvement in the two US healthcare processes. This article only looks at two specific costs associated with medical supply and medical billing processes, respectively.

Practical implications

This study facilitates awareness of escalating US hospital expenditures. Cost categories, namely, fixed, variable and administrative, are presented to identify the greatest areas for improvement.

Originality/value

The study will be valuable to US Congress policy makers and US healthcare industry decision makers. Medical billing process, part of a hospital's administrative costs, and hospital supplies management processes are part of variable costs. These are the two major cost drivers of US hospitals' expenditures that were examined and analyzed.

Details

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 24 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09526861111125624
ISSN: 0952-6862

Keywords

  • Hospitals
  • Cost drivers
  • Cost analysis
  • Health services
  • United States of America

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Article
Publication date: 28 September 2012

Coordinated computerized systems aimed at management, control, and quality assurance of medical processes and informatics

Yossy Machluf, Avinoam Pirogovsky, Elio Palma, Avi Yona, Amir Navon, Tamar Shohat, Amir Yitzak, Orna Tal, Nachman Ash, Michael Nachman and Yoram Chaiter

As part of the routine work of the medical committees in the Israel Defense Forces, a unique nationwide computerized control system is being implemented to assess and…

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Abstract

Purpose

As part of the routine work of the medical committees in the Israel Defense Forces, a unique nationwide computerized control system is being implemented to assess and manage medical processes. The purpose of this paper is to report on that implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

The computerized system consists of three main components: a specific status indicating the processes in each file, an appointment system, and an internal computerized system that uses a magnetic card for the regulation of the local waiting lists.

Findings

The combined computerized system improves the control and management of the medical processes and informatics from the point‐of‐view of both the patients and system operators. Different parameters of quality control regarding the medical and administrative processes are assessed (such as efficiency), and solutions are sought. Computerized system‐based design and re‐allocation of human and medical resources were implemented according to the capacities and limitations of the medical system. A reduction in the daily number of invited recruits improved the quality of the medical encounters. Specific combined status codes were introduced for the efficient planning of the medical encounters. Implementation and automation of medical regulations and procedures within the computerized system make the latter play a key role and serve as a control tool during the decision‐making process.

Originality/value

The computerized system allows efficient follow‐up and management of medical processes and informatics, led to a better utilization of human and medical resources, and becomes a component of the decision making by the system operators and the administrative staff. Such a system could be used with success in clinics, hospitals, and other medical facilities.

Details

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 25 no. 8
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09526861211270622
ISSN: 0952-6862

Keywords

  • Quality control
  • Recruitment centers
  • Computerized follow‐up
  • Management
  • Medical profiling
  • Medical management
  • Medical informatics

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Article
Publication date: 19 June 2009

Hospital governance and the medical practitioner in Belgium

Gregory Gourdin and Rita Schepers

This paper aims to attempt to explore current transformations in hospital governance by tracing the evolution of medical autonomy in the Belgian hospital sector in the…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to attempt to explore current transformations in hospital governance by tracing the evolution of medical autonomy in the Belgian hospital sector in the second half of the twentieth century.

Design/methodology/approach

Using published secondary sources and archive data the paper developed a historical approach to the relationship between profession and organisation, asking qualitative questions of the characteristics of professional power and knowledge.

Findings

Since World War II, two important evolutions have occurred: first, the hospital evolved into an organisational entity that is described as a “professional bureaucracy”; second, at the sectoral level the hospital adopted a position that is characterised as a “divisional structure”. Both evolutions are linked by the processes of rationalisation and bureaucratisation. The findings do not support the thesis of an overall loss of autonomy but bring into focus the transformation of medical autonomy. New forms of professional power and knowledge are emerging with the processing (bureaucracy) and pre‐processing (rationalisation) of information on medical work as key elements.

Originality/value

The paper explores the evolution of the medical profession's autonomy in the second half of the twentieth century. It highlights reflexivity in the changing relationship between professions and organisations and how physicians are becoming “managers of expertise” who are important for both the hospital organisation and the state.

Details

Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 23 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14777260910966744
ISSN: 1477-7266

Keywords

  • Belgium
  • Hospitals
  • Clinical governance
  • Organizational change

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Article
Publication date: 12 May 2020

Influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on firm performance: the business value of AI-based transformation projects

Serge-Lopez Wamba-Taguimdje, Samuel Fosso Wamba, Jean Robert Kala Kamdjoug and Chris Emmanuel Tchatchouang Wanko

The main purpose of our study is to analyze the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on firm performance, notably by building on the business value of AI-based…

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Abstract

Purpose

The main purpose of our study is to analyze the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on firm performance, notably by building on the business value of AI-based transformation projects. This study was conducted using a four-step sequential approach: (1) analysis of AI and AI concepts/technologies; (2) in-depth exploration of case studies from a great number of industrial sectors; (3) data collection from the databases (websites) of AI-based solution providers; and (4) a review of AI literature to identify their impact on the performance of organizations while highlighting the business value of AI-enabled projects transformation within organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has called on the theory of IT capabilities to seize the influence of AI business value on firm performance (at the organizational and process levels). The research process (responding to the research question, making discussions, interpretations and comparisons, and formulating recommendations) was based on a review of 500 case studies from IBM, AWS, Cloudera, Nvidia, Conversica, Universal Robots websites, etc. Studying the influence of AI on the performance of organizations, and more specifically, of the business value of such organizations’ AI-enabled transformation projects, required us to make an archival data analysis following the three steps, namely the conceptual phase, the refinement and development phase, and the assessment phase.

Findings

AI covers a wide range of technologies, including machine translation, chatbots and self-learning algorithms, all of which can allow individuals to better understand their environment and act accordingly. Organizations have been adopting AI technological innovations with a view to adapting to or disrupting their ecosystem while developing and optimizing their strategic and competitive advantages. AI fully expresses its potential through its ability to optimize existing processes and improve automation, information and transformation effects, but also to detect, predict and interact with humans. Thus, the results of our study have highlighted such AI benefits in organizations, and more specifically, its ability to improve on performance at both the organizational (financial, marketing and administrative) and process levels. By building on these AI attributes, organizations can, therefore, enhance the business value of their transformed projects. The same results also showed that organizations achieve performance through AI capabilities only when they use their features/technologies to reconfigure their processes.

Research limitations/implications

AI obviously influences the way businesses are done today. Therefore, practitioners and researchers need to consider AI as a valuable support or even a pilot for a new business model. For the purpose of our study, we adopted a research framework geared toward a more inclusive and comprehensive approach so as to better account for the intangible benefits of AI within organizations. In terms of interest, this study nurtures a scientific interest, which aims at proposing a model for analyzing the influence of AI on the performance of organizations, and at the same time, filling the associated gap in the literature. As for the managerial interest, our study aims to provide managers with elements to be reconfigured or added in order to take advantage of the full benefits of AI, and therefore improve organizations’ performance, the profitability of their investments in AI transformation projects, and some competitive advantage. This study also allows managers to consider AI not as a single technology but as a set/combination of several different configurations of IT in the various company’s business areas because multiple key elements must be brought together to ensure the success of AI: data, talent mix, domain knowledge, key decisions, external partnerships and scalable infrastructure.

Originality/value

This article analyses case studies on the reuse of secondary data from AI deployment reports in organizations. The transformation of projects based on the use of AI focuses mainly on business process innovations and indirectly on those occurring at the organizational level. Thus, 500 case studies are being examined to provide significant and tangible evidence about the business value of AI-based projects and the impact of AI on firm performance. More specifically, this article, through these case studies, exposes the influence of AI at both the organizational and process performance levels, while considering it not as a single technology but as a set/combination of the several different configurations of IT in various industries.

Details

Business Process Management Journal, vol. 26 no. 7
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-10-2019-0411
ISSN: 1463-7154

Keywords

  • Artificial intelligence
  • Cases studies
  • Business value
  • Process innovation
  • Firm performance

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Book part
Publication date: 11 August 2014

Horizontal and Vertical Integration of Physicians: A Tale of Two Tails

Lawton Robert Burns, Jeff C. Goldsmith and Aditi Sen

Researchers recommend a reorganization of the medical profession into larger groups with a multispecialty mix. We analyze whether there is evidence for the superiority of…

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Abstract

Purpose

Researchers recommend a reorganization of the medical profession into larger groups with a multispecialty mix. We analyze whether there is evidence for the superiority of these models and if this organizational transformation is underway.

Design/Methodology Approach

We summarize the evidence on scale and scope economies in physician group practice, and then review the trends in physician group size and specialty mix to conduct survivorship tests of the most efficient models.

Findings

The distribution of physician groups exhibits two interesting tails. In the lower tail, a large percentage of physicians continue to practice in small, physician-owned practices. In the upper tail, there is a small but rapidly growing percentage of large groups that have been organized primarily by non-physician owners.

Research Limitations

While our analysis includes no original data, it does collate all known surveys of physician practice characteristics and group practice formation to provide a consistent picture of physician organization.

Research Implications

Our review suggests that scale and scope economies in physician practice are limited. This may explain why most physicians have retained their small practices.

Practical Implications

Larger, multispecialty groups have been primarily organized by non-physician owners in vertically integrated arrangements. There is little evidence supporting the efficiencies of such models and some concern they may pose anticompetitive threats.

Originality/Value

This is the first comprehensive review of the scale and scope economies of physician practice in nearly two decades. The research results do not appear to have changed much; nor has much changed in physician practice organization.

Details

Annual Review of Health Care Management: Revisiting The Evolution of Health Systems Organization
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-8231(2013)0000015009
ISBN: 978-1-78350-715-3

Keywords

  • Physicians
  • group practice
  • horizontal integration
  • vertical integration

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