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This paper aims to present the methods of improving selectivity and sensitivity of resistance gas sensors.

This paper compares various methods of improving gas sensing by temperature modulation, UV irradiation or fluctuation-enhanced sensing. The authors analyze low-frequency resistance fluctuations in commercial Taguchi gas sensors and the recently developed tungsten trioxide (WO₃) gas-sensing layers, exhibiting a photo-catalytic effect.

The efficiency of using low-frequency fluctuations to improve gas detection selectivity and sensitivity was confirmed by numerous experimental studies in commercial and prototype gas sensors.

A more advanced measurement setup is required to record noise data but it will reduce the number of gas sensors necessary for identifying the investigated gas mixtures.

Fluctuation-enhanced sensing can reduce the energy consumption of gas detection systems and assures better detection results.

A thorough comparison of various gas sensing methods in resistance gas sensors is presented and supported by exemplary practical applications.

Looks at work carried out by The Centre for Manufacturing Metrology at Brunel University into developing new probes for high precision dimensional measurement. Describes the conventional “touch‐trigger” probe and the errors in its performance. Also describes three prototype probes all based on fibre optic principles: a two dimensional Triggering Probe; a three dimensional Analogue Probe and a non‐contact probe. Concludes that the 2‐D triggering probe is a simple construction but limited to 2‐D operation; the analogue 3‐D is smaller in comparison with existing types, comparable in accuracy and cheaper to manufacture, and the non‐contact probe has potential for future development with some form of “intelligent” data processing.

Optical measurement sensors are increasingly available, often finding application in measurement and inspection of manufactured products. For example, theodolites and laser trackers are already used to calibrate jigs and tooling. Digital photogrammetry is used in dimensional inspection of assemblies such as aircraft wings. Such tasks demand high performance sensors with 2D and 3D capability, large working envelopes, high accuracy, low measurement latency and increased flexibility. The availability of sensors which meet and exceed such criteria is fuelling new possibilities in the manufacturing process itself. Fixed tooling may be eliminated and replaced by flexible fixturing under the control of embedded sensor systems. Sensor technology is reviewed and a novel application presented.

Technological advances in recent years have led to the development and implementation of a variety of techniques and platforms in three‐dimensional (3D) metrology. These techniques include improvements in sensory capabilities, computational speed, flexibility in reporting, and ease of use. The purpose of this paper is to address several developments in this regard.

Metrology, or the science of measurement, continues to enjoy relevance and importance in the quality and handling of manufactured goods. In most instances, measurement requires a 3D quantification of an object's dimensions. These data are used for product quality or for robotic guidance applications.

As technology progresses, a snapshot of trends is presented in 2009. Notable amongst these trends are advances in sensory capabilities, computational speed, flexibility in reporting, and ease of use. These continuous improvements are helping to increase adoption curves in an ever‐competitive quality and cost driven, and increasingly international, manufacturing market. According to Paul Kellett, Director of Market Analysis at the Robotics Industries Association (www.robotics.org), there have been, in the past, typically three impediments to adoption: ease of use, cost, and performance of technology.

In conclusion, metrology and 3D trends are evolving continuously to equip manufacturers with enhanced tools for measurement, quality control, robot guidance and absolute accuracy. Much work lies ahead in the area of software for applications and specifically for vertical applications.

The aim of this paper was to verify applicability of graphene-based sensors for voltammetric and amperometric measurements of low-concentration compounds in biological fluids.

Using the screen printing method, electrochemical sensors were manufactured on polymethylmetacrylate foil using a paste consisting of organic solvents and graphene nanopetals. As the model of a biological fluid tear film was chosen, the compound chosen as the analyte was H₂O₂, which is produced in oxidation of biological compounds. Tear film analog was prepared, in which, the measurements were carried out in a wide range of concentrations to determine the oxidation potential of H₂O₂ through square-wave voltammetry. The second series of amperometric measurements was carried out for concentrations between 0 and 30 μM/L, which is the lower range of physiological glucose concentration in tear films.

The sensors presented linearity for concentrations from 0 to 3.5 per cent. Mean linear correlation coefficient between the peak current and the concentration for the examined sensors was 0.9764. Mean sensitivity was 434.4 mA·M−1·L−1.

Results indicate a need for optimization of the sensors ' performance. Main parameters to be improved are surface area of electrodes and purity of the graphene layer, as well as uniformity of the manufacturing process to improve accuracy and repeatability of measurements.

Technology and materials used present an opportunity for creating low-cost, miniaturized and biocompatible sensors to be used in medical monitoring.

Printed electronics technology described was not investigated previously in the field of biological sensors and could contribute to the solving of vital medicine problems.

Description of current 4DI three dimensional imaging system, a proprietary 3D vision sensing technology available from Intelligent Automation (IA), and introduction to the recently developed, next generation, HiPART (High‐resolution Phase Angle Resolved Triangulation) gauge sensor developed by a consortium in which IA participated. Both are non‐contact electro‐optical systems capable of being applied to a wide realm of inspection possibilities for the metrology industry. The HiPART sensor is one of the key non‐contact measurement technologies developed by potential end‐users of the technology, high‐technology advancement companies, and the US government in a collaborative effort to improve the measurement and inspection processes of manufactured parts. Specifications and benefits of the sensors, and examples of possible uses are outlined, illustrating the advantage that the 4DI and HiPART sensor have over standard coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). These sensors are actively being commercialized by IA, a custom automation and machine vision development company, which is introducing it to the appropriate markets.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a strategic approach with an intelligently integrated management system in advanced manufacturing industry to meet the requirements of high precise measurement tasks and essential measurement know-how within the sophisticated production systems.

The continuous development toward ever-higher precision and closer tolerances in the manufacture of workpieces is in line with the perspective of nanotechnology. To meet the metrological requirements new high precision intelligent measuring instruments have been developed, which are proposed in this paper.

In modern industrial production, need for high precision metrology at micro and nano scale provides high quality requirements as well. Therefore, while providing adequate metrology applications, good management of resources and environmental, energy consequences shall be addressed in an integrated manner with an integrated management system of quality, environment and energy.

Metrology as the measurement science provides the functional methodology for quality control under the defined specifications and standards. New levels of manufacturing precision are the key requirements to enable advanced machining processes that demands improved techniques of metrology.

The practical industrial use is now quite possible, but uncertainty and calibration with respect to certain questions still open. In various technical fields, there are increasingly new applications being mainly mechanical engineering, precision machining, biomedicine and precision engineering are mentioned.

This paper provides measurement results and experimenting a strategic approach to develop a smart integrated system applicable in manufacturing industry using the intelligent networking for the digital factory by first an inter-university network that accesses, cooperates and operates at distance in the laboratory of distant research laboratories that can be applicable to all other industrial organizations.

Industrial metrology is being radically alerted by advanced technology, as an expert reports.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the measurement‐assisted assembly of aero‐engine fabricated components and evaluate its capability.

The system described in this paper uses in‐process measurement sensors to determine the component's exact location prior to the assembly operation. The core of the system is a set of algorithms capable of best fitting measurement data to find optimal assembly of components.

The paper demonstrates that with a combination of non‐contact metrology systems and mathematical processing, standard industrial robot can be used to assemble fabricated components. Scanning parts after it has been picked up was very effective as it compensates for possible components deformation during previous manufacturing processes and robot handling errors.

The paper introduces techniques for compensating the deformation that occurs in aero‐engine fabricated components and potential component handling errors. The developed system reduces the reliance on part holding fixtures and instead uses a laser‐guided robot. This ensures that the system is highly flexible and re‐configurable.