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1 – 2 of 2Tamanna Yesmine, Md. Emran Hossain, Md. Akhtaruzzaman Khan, Sandip Mitra, Sourav Mohan Saha and Md. Ruhul Amin
The economic development of Bangladesh is heavily reliant on the banking industry, yet it faces numerous hurdles, including liquidity issues, capital shortages, non-performing…
Abstract
Purpose
The economic development of Bangladesh is heavily reliant on the banking industry, yet it faces numerous hurdles, including liquidity issues, capital shortages, non-performing loans, inefficiencies and so on. Therefore, this study investigated the performance and efficiency of scheduled banks (state-owned, private commercial, foreign commercial and specialized banks) operating in Bangladesh.
Design/methodology/approach
The research was conducted using secondary data from annual reports of banks. The CAMELS rating system and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods were employed to measure the performance and efficiency of banks, respectively.
Findings
In the overall bank rankings, results revealed that foreign commercial Standard Chartered Bank and state-owned Sonali Bank Limited came in first and last position, respectively. Among the four categories of banks, foreign commercial banks were the best performer, while state-owned banks were the worst. Only two banks, i.e. Citibank NA and HSBC Bank, were scale efficient while the remaining banks were inefficient. In terms of performance and efficiency, state-owned and specialized banks were deemed wanting.
Practical implications
This study proposes recommendations to the policymakers that could lead to more effective tactics for improving the banking industry's performance and efficiency.
Originality/value
As far as the authors are concerned, this study presents empirical evidence on the performance and efficiency of different types of banks and explores comparisons among them, which has never been done to this extent in the country before.
Details
Keywords
Gour Gobinda Goswami, Md. Rubaiyath Sarwar and Md. Mahbubur Rahman
The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism flows of eight Asia-Pacific Countries: Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, the…
Abstract
Purpose
The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism flows of eight Asia-Pacific Countries: Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand.
Design/methodology/approach
Using monthly data from 2019M1 to 2021M10 and 48 origin and eight destination countries in a panel Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation technique and gravity equation framework, this paper finds that after controlling for gravity determinants, COVID-19 periods have a 0.689% lower tourism inflow than in non-COVID-19 periods. The total observations in this paper are 12,138.
Findings
A 1% increase in COVID-19 transmission in the origin country leads to a 0.037% decline in tourism flow in the destination country, while the reduction is just 0.011% from the destination. On the mortality side, the corresponding decline in tourism flows from origin countries is 0.030%, whereas it is 0.038% from destination countries. A 1% increase in vaccine intensity in the destination country leads to a 0.10% improvement in tourism flows, whereas vaccinations at the source have no statistically significant effect. The results are also robust at a 1% level in a pooled OLS and random-effects specification for the same model.
Research limitations/implications
The findings provide insights into managing tourism flows concerning transmission, death and vaccination coverage in destination and origin countries.
Practical implications
The COVID-19-induced tourism decline may also be considered another channel through which the global recession has been aggravated. If we convert this decline in terms of loss of GDP, the global figure will be huge, and airline industries will have to cut down many service products for a long time to recover from the COVID-19-induced tourism decline.
Social implications
It is to be realized by the policymaker and politicians that infectious diseases have no national boundary, and the problem is not local or national. That’s why it is to be faced globally with cooperation from all the countries.
Originality/value
This is the first paper to address tourism disruption due to COVID-19 in eight Asia-Pacific countries using a gravity model framework.
Highlights
Asia-Pacific countries are traditionally globalized through tourism channels
This pattern was severely affected by COVID-19 transmission and mortality and improved through vaccination
The gravity model can be used to quantify the loss in the tourism sector due to COVID-19 shocks
Transmission and mortality should be controlled both at the origin and the destination countries
Vaccinations in destination countries significantly raise tourism flows
Asia-Pacific countries are traditionally globalized through tourism channels
This pattern was severely affected by COVID-19 transmission and mortality and improved through vaccination
The gravity model can be used to quantify the loss in the tourism sector due to COVID-19 shocks
Transmission and mortality should be controlled both at the origin and the destination countries
Vaccinations in destination countries significantly raise tourism flows
Details