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Open Access
Article
Publication date: 24 February 2022

Tamanna Yesmine, Md. Emran Hossain, Md. Akhtaruzzaman Khan, Sandip Mitra, Sourav Mohan Saha and Md. Ruhul Amin

The economic development of Bangladesh is heavily reliant on the banking industry, yet it faces numerous hurdles, including liquidity issues, capital shortages, non-performing…

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Abstract

Purpose

The economic development of Bangladesh is heavily reliant on the banking industry, yet it faces numerous hurdles, including liquidity issues, capital shortages, non-performing loans, inefficiencies and so on. Therefore, this study investigated the performance and efficiency of scheduled banks (state-owned, private commercial, foreign commercial and specialized banks) operating in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted using secondary data from annual reports of banks. The CAMELS rating system and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods were employed to measure the performance and efficiency of banks, respectively.

Findings

In the overall bank rankings, results revealed that foreign commercial Standard Chartered Bank and state-owned Sonali Bank Limited came in first and last position, respectively. Among the four categories of banks, foreign commercial banks were the best performer, while state-owned banks were the worst. Only two banks, i.e. Citibank NA and HSBC Bank, were scale efficient while the remaining banks were inefficient. In terms of performance and efficiency, state-owned and specialized banks were deemed wanting.

Practical implications

This study proposes recommendations to the policymakers that could lead to more effective tactics for improving the banking industry's performance and efficiency.

Originality/value

As far as the authors are concerned, this study presents empirical evidence on the performance and efficiency of different types of banks and explores comparisons among them, which has never been done to this extent in the country before.

Details

Asian Journal of Economics and Banking, vol. 7 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2615-9821

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 29 March 2023

Gour Gobinda Goswami, Md. Rubaiyath Sarwar and Md. Mahbubur Rahman

The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism flows of eight Asia-Pacific Countries: Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, the…

Abstract

Purpose

The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism flows of eight Asia-Pacific Countries: Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

Using monthly data from 2019M1 to 2021M10 and 48 origin and eight destination countries in a panel Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation technique and gravity equation framework, this paper finds that after controlling for gravity determinants, COVID-19 periods have a 0.689% lower tourism inflow than in non-COVID-19 periods. The total observations in this paper are 12,138.

Findings

A 1% increase in COVID-19 transmission in the origin country leads to a 0.037% decline in tourism flow in the destination country, while the reduction is just 0.011% from the destination. On the mortality side, the corresponding decline in tourism flows from origin countries is 0.030%, whereas it is 0.038% from destination countries. A 1% increase in vaccine intensity in the destination country leads to a 0.10% improvement in tourism flows, whereas vaccinations at the source have no statistically significant effect. The results are also robust at a 1% level in a pooled OLS and random-effects specification for the same model.

Research limitations/implications

The findings provide insights into managing tourism flows concerning transmission, death and vaccination coverage in destination and origin countries.

Practical implications

The COVID-19-induced tourism decline may also be considered another channel through which the global recession has been aggravated. If we convert this decline in terms of loss of GDP, the global figure will be huge, and airline industries will have to cut down many service products for a long time to recover from the COVID-19-induced tourism decline.

Social implications

It is to be realized by the policymaker and politicians that infectious diseases have no national boundary, and the problem is not local or national. That’s why it is to be faced globally with cooperation from all the countries.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to address tourism disruption due to COVID-19 in eight Asia-Pacific countries using a gravity model framework.

Highlights

  1. Asia-Pacific countries are traditionally globalized through tourism channels

  2. This pattern was severely affected by COVID-19 transmission and mortality and improved through vaccination

  3. The gravity model can be used to quantify the loss in the tourism sector due to COVID-19 shocks

  4. Transmission and mortality should be controlled both at the origin and the destination countries

  5. Vaccinations in destination countries significantly raise tourism flows

Asia-Pacific countries are traditionally globalized through tourism channels

This pattern was severely affected by COVID-19 transmission and mortality and improved through vaccination

The gravity model can be used to quantify the loss in the tourism sector due to COVID-19 shocks

Transmission and mortality should be controlled both at the origin and the destination countries

Vaccinations in destination countries significantly raise tourism flows

Details

International Journal of Emerging Markets, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-8809

Keywords

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