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21 – 30 of over 149000M. Grujicic, T. He and B. Pandurangan
The purpose of this paper is to develop and parameterize a time‐invariant (equilibrium) material mechanical model for segmented polyureas, a class of thermoplastically linked…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and parameterize a time‐invariant (equilibrium) material mechanical model for segmented polyureas, a class of thermoplastically linked co‐polymeric elastomers, using experimental data available in open literature.
Design/methodology/approach
The key components of the model are developed by first constructing a simple molecular‐level microstructure model and by relating the microstructural elements and intrinsic material processes to the material mechanical response. The new feature of the present material model relative to the ones currently used is that the physical origin and the evolution equation for the deformation‐induced softening and inelasticity observed in polyureas are directly linked to the associated evolution of the soft‐matrix/hard segment molecular‐level microstructure of this material. The model is first developed for the case of uniaxial loading, parameterized using one set of experimental results and finally validated using another set of experimental results.
Findings
The validation procedure suggested that the model can reasonably well account for the equilibrium mechanical response of polyureas under the simple uniaxial loading conditions.
Originality/value
The present approach enables a more accurate determination of the mechanical behavior of polyurea and related elastomeric materials.
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Waseem Arif, Hakim Naceur, Sajjad Miran, Nicolas Leconte and Eric Markiewicz
The purpose of this study is to develop an elasto-plastic multi-material shell model by which finite element analysis of laser welded joints is carried out at the interface of the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop an elasto-plastic multi-material shell model by which finite element analysis of laser welded joints is carried out at the interface of the heat-affected zone and base material.
Design/methodology/approach
The multi-material shell model is implemented on the simple cantilever and double cantilever welded plates to examine the efficiency of the developed model.
Findings
By reducing the computational time approximately 20 times with the developed model, the results obtained in the form of von Mises stress and equivalent plastic strain are found in good agreement as compared with the reference solid model.
Originality/value
The accurate and fast prediction of the stresses and strains in the laser welded joints, and the developed multi-material model is helpful to simulate complex industrial welded structures.
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Martin Petrun, Simon Steentjes, Kay Hameyer, Jozef Ritonja and Drago Dolinar
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of different material models when observing the magnetisation dynamics and power losses in non-oriented soft…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of different material models when observing the magnetisation dynamics and power losses in non-oriented soft magnetic steel sheets (SMSSs).
Design/methodology/approach
During the analysis four different magnetic material models were used for describing the static material characteristics, which characterised the materials’ magnetisation behaviour with increasing accuracies: linear material model, piecewise linear material model, non-linear H(B) characteristic and the static hysteresis material model proposed by Tellinen. The described material models were implemented within a parametric magneto-dynamic model (PMD) of SMSSs, where the dynamic responses as well as power loss calculations from the obtained models were analysed.
Findings
The momentous influences of various levels of detail on the calculation of dynamic variables and power losses inside SMSS with non-uniform magnetic fields were elaborated, where various static material characteristic models were evaluated, ranging from linear to hysteretic constitutive relationships.
Research limitations/implications
The resulting PMD model using different static models was analysed over a frequency range from quasi-static to f=1,000 Hz for different levels of magnetic flux density up to B max=1.5 T.
Practical implications
The presented analysis provides fundamental insight when calculating dynamic electromagnetic variables and power losses inside non-linear SMSSs, which is instrumental when selecting an adequate model for a specific application.
Originality/value
This paper provides closer insight on the way non-linearity, magnetic saturation and hysteresis affect the energy loss and magnetisation dynamics in SMSSs through the level of detail in the used material model. The strongly coupled model addresses both induced eddy currents and the ferromagnetic materials’ magnetisation behaviour simultaneously using varying levels of detail so that the interplay between skin effect (i.e. eddy currents) across laminations and hysteresis can be resolved accurately. Therewith, adequate models for specific applications can be selected.
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M. Grujicic, B. Pandurangan, N. Coutris, B.A. Cheeseman, W. N. Roy and R.R. Skaggs
A large‐strain/high‐deformation rate model for clay‐free sand recently proposed and validated in our work [1,2], has been extended to sand containing relatively small (< 15vol.%…
Abstract
A large‐strain/high‐deformation rate model for clay‐free sand recently proposed and validated in our work [1,2], has been extended to sand containing relatively small (< 15vol.%) of clay and having various levels of saturation with water. The model includes an equation of state which represents the material response under hydrostatic pressure, a strength model which captures material behavior under elastic‐plastic conditions and a failure model which defines conditions and laws for the initiation and evolution of damage/failure in the material. The model was validated by comparing the computational results associated with detonation of a landmine in clayey sand (at different levels of saturation with water) with their computational counterparts.
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Swapnil Vyavahare, Soham Teraiya, Deepak Panghal and Shailendra Kumar
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is the most economical additive manufacturing technique. The purpose of this paper is to describe a detailed review of this technique. Total 211…
Abstract
Purpose
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is the most economical additive manufacturing technique. The purpose of this paper is to describe a detailed review of this technique. Total 211 research papers published during the past 26 years, that is, from the year 1994 to 2019 are critically reviewed. Based on the literature review, research gaps are identified and the scope for future work is discussed.
Design/methodology/approach
Literature review in the domain of FDM is categorized into five sections – (i) process parameter optimization, (ii) environmental factors affecting the quality of printed parts, (iii) post-production finishing techniques to improve quality of parts, (iv) numerical simulation of process and (iv) recent advances in FDM. Summary of major research work in FDM is presented in tabular form.
Findings
Based on literature review, research gaps are identified and scope of future work in FDM along with roadmap is discussed.
Research limitations/implications
In the present paper, literature related to chemical, electric and magnetic properties of FDM parts made up of various filament feedstock materials is not reviewed.
Originality/value
This is a comprehensive literature review in the domain of FDM focused on identifying the direction for future work to enhance the acceptability of FDM printed parts in industries.
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Stoyan Stoyanov, Tim Tilford, Farid Amalou, Scott Cargill, Chris Bailey and Marc Desmulliez
Nano‐imprint forming (NIF) is a manufacturing technology capable of achieving high resolution, low‐cost and high‐throughput fabrication of fine nano‐scale structures and patterns…
Abstract
Purpose
Nano‐imprint forming (NIF) is a manufacturing technology capable of achieving high resolution, low‐cost and high‐throughput fabrication of fine nano‐scale structures and patterns. The purpose of this paper is to use modelling technologies to simulate key process steps associated with the formation of patterns with sub‐micrometer dimensions and use the results to define design rules for optimal imprint forming process.
Design/methodology/approach
The effect of a number of process and pattern‐related parameters on the quality of the fabricated nano‐structures is studied using non‐linear finite element analysis. The deformation process of the formable material during the mould pressing step is modelled using contact analysis with large deformations and temperature dependent hyperelastic material behaviour. Finite element analysis with contact interfaces between the mould and the formable material is utilised to study the formation of mechanical, thermal and friction stresses in the pattern.
Findings
The imprint pressure, temperature and the aspect ratio of grooves which define the pattern have significant effect on the quality of the formed structures. The optimal imprint pressure for the studied PMMA is identified. It is found that the degree of the mould pattern fulfilment as function of the imprint pressure is non‐linear. Critical values for thermal mismatch difference in the CTE between the mould and the substrate causing thermally induced stresses during cooling stage are evaluated. Regions of high stresses in the pattern are also identified.
Originality/value
Design rules for minimising the risk of defects such as cracks and shape imperfections commonly observed in NIF‐fabricated nano‐structures are presented. The modelling approach can be used to provide insights into the optimal imprint process control. This can help to establish further the technology as a viable route for fabrication of nano‐scale structures and patterns.
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The purpose of this paper is to present a new simplified local remeshing procedure for the study of discrete crack propagation in finite element (FE) mesh. The proposed technique…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a new simplified local remeshing procedure for the study of discrete crack propagation in finite element (FE) mesh. The proposed technique accounts for the generation and propagation of crack‐like failure within an FE‐model. Beside crack propagation, the technique enables the analysis of fragmentation of initially intact continuum. The capability of modelling fragmentation is essential in various structure‐structure interaction analyses such as projectile impact analysis and ice‐structure interaction analysis.
Design/methodology/approach
The procedure combines continuum damage mechanics (CDM), fictitious crack approach and a new local remeshing procedure. In the approach a fictitious crack is replaced by a discrete crack by applying delete‐and‐fill local remeshing. The proposed method is independent of mesh topology unlike the traditional discrete crack approach. The procedure is implemented for 3‐D solid elements in commercial finite element software Abaqus/Explicit using Python scripting. The procedure is completely automated, such that crack initiation and propagation analyses do not require user intervention. A relatively simple constitutive model was implemented strictly for demonstrative purposes.
Findings
Well known examples were simulated to verify the applicability of the method. The simulations revealed the capabilities of the method and reasonable correspondence with reference results was obtained. Material fragmentation was successfully simulated in ice‐structure interaction analysis.
Originality/value
The procedure for modelling discrete crack propagation and fragmentation of initially intact quasi‐brittle materials based on local remeshing has not been presented previously. The procedure is well suited for simulation of fragmentation and is implemented in a commercial FE‐software.
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Single‐pass girth butt welding of a carbon‐manganese pipe is studied numerically using the finite element codes ADINAT/ADINA. A rotationally symmetric finite element model is…
Abstract
Single‐pass girth butt welding of a carbon‐manganese pipe is studied numerically using the finite element codes ADINAT/ADINA. A rotationally symmetric finite element model is employed in both the thermal and mechanical analysis. This model is used to investigate the influence on the residual stress state of pipe geometry, mesh density and material modelling. The results from the present study are compared with previous results from two different FE analyses and an experimental investigation. One of the FE analyses was fully three dimensional and the other employed shell elements. The calculated residual stresses were found to differ significantly only when different material models were employed. The thermal strain seemed to be the material parameter with the largest influence on the residual stress state. Especially the changes in thermal strain during phase transformations seemed to have a great influence. This means that the temperature field should be determined accurately enough to predict when and where the different phase transformations occur. Almost the same residual stresses were obtained for two pipes with different pipe geometries and weld parameters.
Sanjay Choudhari and Amit Tindwani
This study aims to assist the project manager in minimising the material logistics cost of road project by planning the optimal movement of aggregate across three stages of supply…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to assist the project manager in minimising the material logistics cost of road project by planning the optimal movement of aggregate across three stages of supply chain: sourcing, processing and distribution.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper conceptualises the raw material consumption in a road project as a logistics network distribution problem. A linear programming (LP) formulation is constructed with appropriate decision variables by integrating the three stages of material movement. The series of LP scenarios are solved using an LP solver to decide the optimal movement of the aggregate to be consumed in different layers of road segments.
Findings
The results obtained from the model show that planning material logistics of an entire road project using optimisation provides substantial saving in logistics costs than using common sense. Further, the magnitude of cost saving improves as the complexity of the model increases in term of enormous feasible options.
Practical implications
The model shown in this paper may serve as a basis for planning the logistics of raw materials consumed in the road projects. The small improvement in material flows by optimising supply chain shows sensible cost benefit to the project manager and hence control and monitor the overall cost and activities of the project. The output of the model is also expected to help the project team as an input in the decision-making processes such as appropriate material sourcing contract, capacity assessment of material processing facility and transportation planning.
Originality/value
While the optimisation models are widely used and popular among the many industrial applications, this research shows distinct application of such a model in managing the logistics of the road construction project.
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Lalit Patil, Debasish Dutta, A.D. Bhatt, K. Jurrens, K. Lyons, M.J. Pratt and R.D. Sriram
Information models for the representation of product data are being developed as an international standard. However, the current application protocols focus on the representation…
Abstract
Information models for the representation of product data are being developed as an international standard. However, the current application protocols focus on the representation of homogeneous objects only. This paper suggests an information model to represent heterogeneous objects using the information modeling methodology developed for ISO 10303. The data planning model is then extended to represent the two‐dimensional (2D) slice information using concepts from ISO 10303. The proposed formats are validated by physical realization of objects on two LM machines. This information model will help in providing a uniform base in the development of heterogeneous solid modeling systems. It will also equip the solid modeler with the ability to integrate with other applications and process planning in the domain of layered manufacturing.
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