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This study aims to address the absence of a thorough understanding of commitment in tourism public-private partnerships (PPP) by exploring antecedents of PPP commitment and their underpinning relationships in regard to the destination management system (DMS).

An empirical investigation of the case of the Egyptian DMS, a PPP which was forsaken by the government partner and which subsequently failed. Qualitative and quantitative approaches are used for a comprehensive overview of the researched phenomena pertaining to external and internal stakeholders.

The results indicated that stakeholder management, relational capital, perceived benefits and stakeholder capabilities could influence intentions to commit to a tourism PPP project. Also, the latter three factors were found to mediate the relationship between stakeholder management and long-term PPP commitment. The results also shed light on the important aspects of non-contractual, interpersonal relationships between internal and external PPP stakeholders.

This research pioneers inquiries on the commitment of Tourism PPP/DMS projects and its possible drivers in a non-Western context. Also, this study contributes to knowledge by exploring the relationship within and between internal (partners) and external (e.g. local service providers) stakeholder groups and provided evidence on the crucial role of both on long-term PPP commitment and success. The current study has a few significant contributions to the PPP literature regarding the commitment and success of PPP in the complicated environments in which tourism PPP projects are operated. Moreover, this study offers essential information and practices for improving partner relationships with external stakeholders.

本研究通过探讨PPP承诺的前因及其相互关系, 解决了对旅游公私合作伙伴关系（PPP）中的承诺缺乏透彻了解的问题。

经验证据来自埃及目的地管理系统（DMS）的经验, 在这种情况下, 旅游PPP由于公共部门放弃了该项目而失败。采用混合方法来全面理解主题, 分析内部（合作伙伴）和外部（例如旅游提供商）利益相关者的观点。

结果表明, 利益相关者的管理, 关系资本, 可感知的收益和利益相关者的能力可能会影响致力于旅游PPP项目的意图。另外, 发现后三个因素可以调解利益相关者管理与长期PPP承诺之间的关系。结果还阐明了内部和外部PPP利益相关者之间非合同, 人际关系的重要方面。

这是第一个研究旅游PPP/DMS项目的承诺及其在非西方背景下的驱动力的研究。此外, 这项研究还通过探索内部（合作伙伴）与外部（例如本地服务提供商）利益相关者群体之间以及两者之间的关系, 为知识做出了贡献, 并提供了证据证明两者在长期PPP承诺和成功中都发挥着关键作用。当前的研究对PPP文献在PPP在旅游PPP项目运行的复杂环境中的承诺和成功做出了重要贡献。此外, 这项研究提供了必要的信息和实践, 以改善与外部利益相关者的合作伙伴关系。

este estudio aborda la ausencia de una comprensión profunda del compromiso en las asociaciones público-privadas (APP) de turismo al explorar los antecedentes del compromiso de las APP y sus relaciones subyacentes.

la evidencia empírica se deriva de la experiencia del sistema de gestión de destinos (DMS) egipcio, un caso en el que una APP de turismo fracasó debido al abandono del proyecto por parte del sector público. Se adopta un enfoque de métodos mixtos para comprender de manera integral el tema, analizando las perspectivas de los interesados internos (socios) y externos (por ejemplo, proveedores de turismo).

los resultados indicaron que la gestión de las partes interesadas, el capital relacional, los beneficios percibidos y las capacidades de las partes interesadas podrían influir en las intenciones de comprometerse con un proyecto de APP de turismo. Además, se encontró que los últimos tres factores median la relación entre la gestión de las partes interesadas y el compromiso de APP a largo plazo. Los resultados también arrojaron luz sobre los aspectos importantes de las relaciones interpersonales no contractuales entre las partes interesadas internas y externas de las APP.

este es el primer estudio que investiga el compromiso de los proyectos de PPP/DMS de turismo y sus posibles impulsores en un contexto no occidental. Además, este estudio contribuye al conocimiento al explorar la relación dentro y entre los grupos de partes interesadas internos (socios) y externos (por ejemplo, proveedores de servicios locales), y proporcionó evidencia sobre el papel crucial de ambos en el compromiso y el éxito de las APP a largo plazo. El presente estudio tiene algunas contribuciones significativas a la literatura sobre APP con respecto al compromiso y el éxito de las APP en los entornos complicados en los que se operan los proyectos de APP de turismo. Además, este estudio ofrece información y prácticas esenciales para mejorar las relaciones de los socios con las partes interesadas externas.

This study examines the association between internal corporate governance mechanisms (i.e. board of directors and audit committee) and the information value of bank earnings. The authors comparatively assess this association across different bank types, Islamic versus conventional banks. The authors also investigate the mediating effect of Shariah governance.

The authors utilize a unique and an international sample of 723 bank-year observations representing 100 listed banks from 16 countries during the period 2007–2015. The authors investigate the characteristics of the board of directors and audit committee (i.e. size and independence) and employ three core analyses for earnings informativeness (i.e. earnings persistence, cash flow predictability and reliability of loan loss provisions). Additional analyses address Shariah supervisory boards’ (SSBs’) size, financial expertise and multiple outside directorships. The authors use the random-effect Generalised Least Squares (GLS) estimation technique and provide several robustness checks and sensitivities.

The authors find that, on average, having large and independent boards (and audit committees) increases the informativeness of reported earnings for banks. Conditional on bank type, our results report strong evidence for differential effects across the two alternative banking systems. In Islamic banks, large and independent board of directors (and audit committees) is positively associated with all measures of information value. There is insignificant evidence for conventional banks. However, SSBs show no significant effect on the reported earnings’ informativeness.

This is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, that empirically and comparatively assesses the information value of reported earnings in association with effective internal governance while recognizing the institutional characteristics of different bank types. The authors offer new insights to policymakers, investors and other stakeholders located within countries operating on a dual banking system. The results could help regulators to improve their rules/guidance related to double-layer governance and financial reporting quality.